• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

The goal of the current study is to investigate how the sound change is reflected in production or in perception, and what the effect of lexical frequency is on the loss of sound contrasts. Specifically, the current study examined whether the vowel length contrasts are retained in Korean speakers' productions, and whether Korean listeners can distinguish vowel length minimal pairs in their perception. Two production experiments and two perception experiments investigated this. For production tests, twelve Korean native speakers in their 20s and 40s completed a read-aloud task as well as a map-task. The results showed that, regardless of their age group, all Korean speakers produced vowel length contrasts with a small but significant differences in the read-aloud test. Interestingly, the difference between long and short vowels has disappeared in the map task, indicating that the speech mode affects producing vowel length contrasts. For perception tests, thirty-three Korean listeners completed a discrimination and a forced-choice identification test. The results showed that Korean listeners still have a perceptual sensitivity to distinguish lexical meaning of the vowel length minimal pair. We also found that the identification accuracy was affected by the word frequency, showing a higher identification accuracy in high- and mid- frequency words than low frequency words. Taken together, the current study demonstrated that the speech mode (read-aloud vs. spontaneous) affects the production of the sound undergoing a language change; and word frequency affects the sound change in speech perception.

• 복식
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.14-28
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• 2013

This study aims to identify the elements of black culture and use it to analyze the formative characteristics of casual fashion items as well as the symbolic meanings presented in the graphic designs of the items. First of all, in order to distinguish the identity of black culture, this study made a division into racial, social, and artistic aspects based on cultural specificities of Stuart Hall, a culture theorist. This was for a theoretical review and based on this review, a theoretical framework was developed to analyze the characteristics of American casual fashion design of black people. The case study selected 1719 fashion images of 137 male brands and 33 female brands from websites of companies manufacturing casual wear of black people in America. The following is a summary of the study results. The conceptual characteristics based on specificities of black culture can be categorized into ten attributes: playfulness in order to digest human grief and emotion positively, satire of the mainstream society, spontaneity through emotional expression from the heart, abstractness of various emotions elating suffering, humor trying to express negative aspects as the meaning of light and innocent laughter, dependence with passive attitudes toward discrimination and master-slave relationships in history, resistance against discrimination and disadvantages, African orientation and primitiveness pursuing natural conditions, aggressiveness against violence and unfair treatment, and confidence and defiance against social deprivation and corruption. Based on the results of an analysis through formative classification system founded on racial, social, and artistic aspects of black people, specificities of black culture are of formative characteristics of their casual fashion design. These elements are presented on graphic t-shirts through strong colors, loose silhouette, and details with many pockets. These characteristics were reflected in symbolic meanings presented in the graphic.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.227-249
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 미국에 거주하고 있는 정신장애를 가진 아시아계 미국인과 미국계 백인의 직업의 의미와 중요성, 직장에서 받는 메시지 및 차별에 대한 차이를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 고용은 단기적으로나 장기적으로 정신장애인의 회복에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 비록 정신장애인의 회복과 고용관련 서비스와 직업의 의미에 대한 연구가 진행 되고 있지만 다른 인종에 비해 서비스의 참여율이 낮고 중도포기율이 높은 정신장애를 가진 아시아계 미국인을 대상으로 시행된 연구는 전무하다. 그렇기 때문에 정신장애를 가진 아시아계 미국인이 생각하는 직업의 의미와 사회나 직장에서 경험하는 차별에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 양적 연구와 질적 연구를 혼합하는 방식을 적용하였다. 설문지 개발을 위해 Millner(2015)가 실시한 정신장애인의 직업과 장애에 대한 연구결과와 9명의 정신장애인들이 인지인터뷰와 파일럿 테스트에 참여하여 개방형/폐쇄형 질문을 포함한 설문지가 개발되었다. 설문은 5월부터 8월까지 실시되어 총 91명의 정신장애인이 성공적으로 설문을 완료하였다. 양적 분석을 위해 t-test가 사용되었으며 개방형 질문은 연구자가 함께 분석하였다. 정신장애를 가진 아시아계 미국인은 미국계 백인보다 직업에 대한 높은 열망을 가지고 있으며 직장 내에서 소수인종과 정신장애라는 이중장벽을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 가족 혹은 서비스 제공자에게 고용과 관련하여 인종과 장애로 인한 사회적 차별을 경험하고 부정적인 메시지를 받은 것으로 나타났다. 직업 서비스 제공자들은 다문화 정신장애인의 특성과 직업의 의미, 이들이 실제로 경험하고 있는 이중장벽과 사회적 차별을 이해하고 이를 줄이기 위해 노력해야 할 것이다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제21권
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• pp.113-138
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• 2010

This writing verifies ideology producing unethical stratification or discrimination targeting on Grandeur's TV commercial after 2008. And attempts to point out the utopia desired by those commercials reproduces distorted ideology at Korean society. To achieve this, the analysis model was postulated utilizing narratology and semiotics system in application of methodology. The result of discussion, is that the 2008 'Grandeur New Luxury' commercial can have utilized the inflected patriotism and sexual fantasies as the core strategy of storytelling. The fact trebly othering women's body from the point of view of gender ethics can be pointed out as the biggest problem in this commercial. 2009 'Grandeur New Luxury' frankly stimulates costumer's desire of stratum rise and possessiveness, circulating the logic 'owning a vehicle' is a proof of their existence. Also considering the meaning woman narration takes up in corresponding commercial, criticism utilizing feminine signifier as a tool to reinforce male success legend was available. Finally 2010 'The Luxury Grandeur' commercial was able to make a judgement using the mechanism of present consumption culture cleverly which Baudrilliard and Althusser has critically recognized. Because commercial images precisely utilizes the mistake called the 'phantasme-$m{\acute{e}}connaissance$' or the 'reconnaissance-$m{\acute{e}}connaissance$' that consumers easily make. Reminding TV commercials exerts control power against unspecified many sitting in front of the TV, continuous studies with same interest are needed in the future. This writing will be able to have a meaning as attempting narratological methodology for analyzing the storytelling of car TV commercials. But systemizing the criticism about the commercial as a single narrative with going through theoretical supplementation is being respected in the future.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study is to bring new light on TalYeong-SilJeong (exhaustion of Yeonggi and loss of Essence) through the verification of both the original intention of Hwangjenaegyeong and the conceptual variation afterwards. Methods: Of various East Asian medical texts, those inferring to TalYeong-SilJeong includeing Hwangjenaegyeong itself were closely examined under the aspect of its conception. Results: TalYeong-SilJeong was suggested as the first representative tool and accurate diagnostic method of questioning in order to determine the mental state of a patient. However, medical scholars have suggested different levels of meaning. Some used the term for the broad coverage of mental illnesses, understanding Hwangjenaegyeong's discrimination as symbolic gesture, while others projected an unchallenged value on it and weaved it into the concrete set of a disease. Conclusions: The treatment of TalYeong-SilJeong is suggested according to the varying viewpoints of each medical text. By understanding multiple layers of the conception beyond, a clinician is expected to gain an exuberant image of conception on the one hand and an insight for more effective treatment on the other hand.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.789-798
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• 2015

This research analyzes trends of fashion show window displays, regarding it as a new form of installation art that has the characteristics of contemporary art. Fashion show window displays are more than a physical space for displaying and have emerged as a new space in which creative expressions of arts take place. This research presents the characteristics of contemporary fashion show window displays by analyzing the characteristics of contemporary art. First, recent show window displays have shown "decentralization": various themes, forms, and mediums that are accepted without discrimination. Recent show window displays deviate from conventional methods, constantly pursuing experimental and progressive ideas and also include categories of current art, body art, and live art. Second, show window display has "interactiveness" that enables two-way communication between audiences and art, rather than fixing audiences as receptive viewers. Third, "textuality" can be found in show window displays. Recent show windows are use "objects" to show products as well as to express the meaning and symbols of products. A new directionality and effective strategies are shown to be imperative for the future development of fashion show window displays.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore ways to define the concept of health inequality. Methods: The concept analysis process by Walker and Avant was used to clarify the meaning of health inequality. Results: Defining attributes of health inequality included differences in health status between individuals or groups, infringement of fundamental rights to health, unfair use of medical services, and social discrimination. The antecedents of health inequality included differences in demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation, residential location), limitations in accessibility to health care, and social exclusion. Consequences of health inequality were increased costs for medical care, decreased health-related quality of life, and lack of ability to cope with health problems resulting in crisis situations, increases in morbidity and mortality, and shortening of life span. The concept was clarified through presentation of model, borderline, related, and contrary cases. Conclusion: Results of this study can be used to guide the direction of future studies through concept analysis in which conceptual attributes in the context of health inequality are examined. Also, based on the result of this study, development of standardized tools to measure health inequality is recommended as well as development of educational programs to reduce health inequalities.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2018

Purpose: Objectives of this study were to identify and describe cultural meaning for nursing students in the class in fundamental nursing practice. Methods: Data were collected from November 2016 to May 2017 included focus group interviews and participants observation. The key informants in this study included 23 nursing students divided into 3 focus groups who had taken the course in fundamental nursing practice in university U and university S in Kyungpook, and university D in Jeonnam. Interviews continued until no new information could be identified from transcripts. Data were analyzed using the taxonomic analysis method developed by Spradley. Results: Based on the data acquired from the interviews, cultural domains in the class "fundamental nursing practice" were classified as 'community oriented activities', 'learning and playing space', 'relationship of difference and discrimination', 'time for present and future'. Conclusion: The culture in the class "fundamental nursing practice" could be summarized as 'non-standardized learning with team dynamics'. Also nursing students learned about a small society whose members are becoming nurses. Results indicate that it is critical for professors to understand students' values, beliefs and their attitude in order to aid in adjustment to class.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2011

Identity of the place where the physical location and time and spatial context, and is structured as socially agreed symbols to build a consistent image, while fraught with Differentiation can be achieved through integration. And discrimination and the practical and effective deployment of an integrated image to be useful as a guide for the top design 'Design Guidelines' are, The findings, where the identity used to establish guidelines for the design for the following conclusions can be drawn. First, of public space design guidelines agreed upon by the public and social identity as the basis to establish a new identity as a contemporary and practical plan for this is to provide guidance. Second, the design guidelines in principle, the physical elements and activities of the parent and the temporal and spatial context and meaning were overridden. Third, the horizontal axis with respect to the identity and principles to guide development in the detail, and the vertical axis as a place to build an image in order for the specific design items are listed. Fourth, the guidelines can set a specific motif, and coverage including identity of the place. Fifth, by applying image and schematic the identity can be Implemented effectively and clearly. Without interfering with the designer's creativity and implement new image of the place, Design guidelines should study how a reasonable instructions.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the history and significance of t-shirts used in school that have a dress code to examine the meaning of the various messages that appears on t-shirts and also to examine how these t-shirts are used as form of communication. Many people that have strong social or political views or opinions use t-shirts with message as a means of communicating their opinion and views. Due to the low cost and ease in manufacturing these types of t-shirts, it is possible to express various slogans, messages and drawings. Based on our observations, there were various messages on t-shirts such as, 'no war', 'peace', 'no drugs', 'anti-smocking', 'protect the environment' and 'race or sex discrimination' among others. In this study, t-shirts were grouped based on their messages. T-shirts were put in to the following groups anti- war t-shirts, political t-shirts, t-shirts with messages about social issues and t-shirts with messages about fashion. Both international and domestic t-shirts were examined.