Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration (간호행정학회지)

Korean Academy of Nursing Administration (한국간호행정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Concept Analysis of Health Inequalities

건강불평등에 대한 개념분석

  • Received : 2014.10.21
  • Accepted : 2015.01.19
  • Published : 2015.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore ways to define the concept of health inequality. Methods: The concept analysis process by Walker and Avant was used to clarify the meaning of health inequality. Results: Defining attributes of health inequality included differences in health status between individuals or groups, infringement of fundamental rights to health, unfair use of medical services, and social discrimination. The antecedents of health inequality included differences in demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation, residential location), limitations in accessibility to health care, and social exclusion. Consequences of health inequality were increased costs for medical care, decreased health-related quality of life, and lack of ability to cope with health problems resulting in crisis situations, increases in morbidity and mortality, and shortening of life span. The concept was clarified through presentation of model, borderline, related, and contrary cases. Conclusion: Results of this study can be used to guide the direction of future studies through concept analysis in which conceptual attributes in the context of health inequality are examined. Also, based on the result of this study, development of standardized tools to measure health inequality is recommended as well as development of educational programs to reduce health inequalities.

Keywords

References

  1. An JS, Kim HJ. A study on the determinants of children and adolescents health inequality in Korea. Studies on Korean Youth. 2013;24(2):205-231.
  2. Lee YJ, Kim SY. A equity in the co-payment and utilization of national health insurance by income class. Social Welfare Policy. 2006;24:173-199.
  3. Braveman P, Gruskin S. Defining equity in health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2003;57(4):254-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.57.4.254
  4. Lee CG. Tracking, health inequalities in Korea. Seoul: Mim;2007.
  5. Adelson N. The embodiment of inequity: health disparities in aboriginal Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 2005; 96(S2):S45-S61.
  6. Kim MH, June KJ, Seo SH. Health inequality in childhood. Health and Welfare Policy Forum. 2011;176:32-44.
  7. Norbury M, Mercer SW, Gillies J, Furler J, Watt GC. Time to care: Tackling health inequalities through primary care. Family Practice. 2011;28(1):1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmq118
  8. Rainham D. Do differences in health make a difference? A review for health policymakers. Health Policy. 2007;84(2-3): 123-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.05.003
  9. Kim HY. Community inequalities in health: The contextual effect of social capital. Korean Journal of Sociology. 2010;44(2): 59-92.
  10. Kim MH, Lee JH. Current status of policy developments in tackling health inequalities and the next steps to be taken in Korea. Journal of the Korean Medical Association. 2013;56 (3):206-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2013.56.3.206
  11. House JS, Lantz PM, Herd P. Continuity and change in the social stratification of aging and health over the life course: Evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal study from 1986 to 2001/2002(Americans' Changing Lives Study). The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2005;60(S2):S15-S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.special_issue_2.s15
  12. Lee KO, Yoon HS. Relationship between inequalities in health and inequalities in socioeconomic status. Journal of Korean Community Nursing. 2001;12(3):609-619.
  13. Cho, H-J. Equity in health care: current situation in South Korea. Journal of the Korean Medical Association. 2013;56(3): 184-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2013.56.3.184
  14. Kim SY, Yoon KC. An analysis of the regional differences of health inequality and the exploration of the factors causing the differences. The Korean Journal of Local Government Studies. 2012;15(4):31-57.
  15. Marmot M. Social determinants of health inequalities. The Lancet. 2005;365(9464):1099-1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71146-6
  16. Schroeder SA. We can do better-improving the health of the American people. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007; 357(12):1221-1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmsa073350
  17. Walker LO, Avant KC. Strategies for theory construction in nursing. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2005.
  18. Encyclopaedia Britannica online Korea. Health [Internet]. Encyclopaedia Britannica online Korea. 2013 [cited 2013 April 24]. Available from: http://preview.britannica.co.kr/bol/topic.asp?article_id=b01g2163a
  19. Neufeldt V. Guralnik DB. Webster's new world college dictionary. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Macmillan; 1996.
  20. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Korea. Equality [Internet]. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Korea. [cited 2013 April 24]. Available from: http://preview.britannica.co.kr/bol/topic.asp?article_id=b23p2636a
  21. Park EO, Song HJ. Differences and inequalities in health status among social class classified by occupation and job status. Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing. 2003;12(2): 171-176.
  22. Laaksonen M, Talala K, Martelin T, Rahkonen O, Roos E, Helakorpi S, et al. Health behaviours as explanations for educational level differences in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: A follow-up of 60,000 men and women over 23 years. European Journal of Public Health. 2007;18(1):38-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckm051
  23. Kim HR. Implication of health behaviors in socioeconomic health inequalities and policy directions. Health and Welfare Forum. 2009;149:36-47.
  24. Bommier A, Stecklov G. Defining health inequality: Why Rawls succeeds where social welfare theory fails. Journal of Health Economics. 2002;21(3):497-513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6296(01)00138-2
  25. Watts RJ. Race consciousness and the health of African Americans. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2003;8(1):4
  26. Byun S-W. Difficulties in health behavior of migrant intermarriage women. The Journal of Digital Policy and Management. 2013;11(12):631-637. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2013.11.12.631
  27. Atkinson R. Davoudi S. The concept of social exclusion in the European union: Context, development and possibilities. Journal of Common Market Studies. 2000;38(3):427-448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00229
  28. Adams JS. Inequity in social exchange. In: Berkowitz L, editor. Advances in experimental social psychology. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1965. p. 267-299.
  29. Braveman PA, Kumanyika S, Fielding J, Laveist T, Borrell LN, Manderscheid R, et al. Health disparities and health equity: the issue is justice. American Journal of Public Health. 2011; 101(S1):S149-S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2010.300062
  30. Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Almeida-Filho N. A glossary for health inequalities. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2002;56(9):647-652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.56.9.647
  31. Braveman P. Health disparities and health equity: Concepts and measurement. Annual Review of Public Health2006;27: 167-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103

Cited by

  1. 혼종 모형을 이용한 건강 불평등 개념분석 vol.19, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2018.19.3.520
  2. 상급종합병원 간호사의 의료기관인증제에 대한 인식이 직무 스트레스와 이직의도에 미치는 영향 vol.27, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2018.27.3.180
  3. 보건의료비 지출이 가구소득불평등에 미치는 영향과 변화 vol.19, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2019.19.05.331
  4. An Exploratory Study of Health Inequality Discourse Using Korean Newspaper Articles: A Topic Modeling Approach vol.52, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.221
  5. Factors Influencing Unmet Healthcare Needs among Older Korean Women vol.18, pp.13, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136862
  6. Healthcare Safety Nets during the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Double Diamond Model: A Concept Analysis vol.9, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081014
  7. Feelings of Entrapment during the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on ACE Star Model: A Concept Analysis vol.9, pp.10, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101305