• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2002

Objectives : This study was undertaken to determine the cytotoxic effects of crude bee venom which is widely used for aqua-acupuncture in oriental medical clinic. Methods : We compared the effects of crude bee venom, apamin, melittin and MCD peptide on cellviability by MTT asssay. Results : The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Bee venom, apamin, melittin and MCD peptide showed concentration--dependent cytotoxic effect in some human cell lines(human glioma cell line과 neuroblastorna, human mast cell line) for 24 and 48 Hour treatment. 2. Bee venom, apamin, melittin and MCD peptide showed dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in some human cell lines for 24 and 48 Hour treatment. 3. Bee venom treatment for 24 and 48 hour showed higher cytotoxic effects than apamin, melittin and MCD peptide. Conclusions : These results suggest that bee venom, apamin, melittin and MCD peptide have concentration- and dose- dependent cytotoxic effect in some human cell lines. But further study is needed for optimal concentration and dose.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2005

To determine the correlation between mast cells(MCs) and neoangiogenesis in the growth and progression of cervical cancer, we investigated mast cell density(MCD), microvessel density(MVD) and the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor(VEGF) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive suqamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Forty-five cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN I, II and III), 15 microinvasive carcinomas, 15 invasive squamous cell carcinomas and 20 normal cervical epithelia were included in this study. MCs were stained with anti-c-Kit antibody and alcian blue, microvessels with anti-factor VIII antibody and VEGF with anti-VEGF antibody. The adjacent fields of both normal and neoplastic epithelium were used for counting MCs and microvessels. Computerized image analysis was used to evaluate MCD and MVD. MCD and MVD were the mean numbers per $1mm^2$ counted in 5-10 high and low power fields respectively. In both c-Kit and alcian blue stained sections, MCD progressively increased along the continuum from CIN I to invasive squamous cell carcinoma(p<0.001). MVD increased significantly with cervical neoplasia progression, from CIN to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.001). In double c-Kit and Factor VIII-stained sections, MCs were mainly present in the areas adjacent to newly formed blood vessels. However, there were no significant differences in MCD and MVD between normal epithelum and CIN I. A strong correlation was also observed between MCD and MVD. In double VEGF and alcian blue-stained sections, VEGF was expressed in only MCs. Strong VEGF-positive MCs were particularly abundant around the tumorous region. Our results suggest that MCs may upregulate neoangiogenesis by VGEF secretion in the development and progression of cervical neoplasia.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) cover a broad spectrum of developmental disorders which cause the various clinical manifestations including epilepsy, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. MCD have been clinically classified based on the disruption of developmental processes such as proliferation, migration, and organization. Molecular genetic studies of MCD have improved our understanding of these disorders at a molecular level beyond the clinical classification. These recent advances are resulted from the development of massive parallel sequencing technology, also known as next-generation sequencing (NGS), which has allowed researchers to uncover novel molecular genetic pathways associated with inherited or de novo mutations. Although an increasing number of disease-related genes or genetic variations have been identified, genotype-phenotype correlation is hampered when the biological or pathological functions of identified genetic variations are not fully understood. To elucidate the causality of genetic variations, in vivo disease models that reflect these variations are required. In the current review, we review the use of NGS technology to identify genes involved in MCD, and discuss how the functions of these identified genes can be validated through in vivo disease modeling.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1990

본 연구는 Japonica형 품종인 섬진벼와 통일형품종인 서광벼의 세포주기를 측정하고 온도의 하항에 따른 세포주기의 지연을 측정하여 품종간의 차이가 있는지를 조사하였다. 또한 세포주기를 phase별로 기간을 측정하고 온도의 변화에 따른 각 phase 기간변화로 조사하였다. 아울러 DNA, RNA 및 protein 합성량도 측정하여 세포주기와 어떠한 관련성이 있는지를 조사하였는데 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 섬진벼와 서광벼의 세포주기는 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 6시간, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 12시간으로 동일하였으나 15$^{\circ}C$에서는 섬진벼 18시간, 서광벼 20시간으로 나타난 것으로 보아 Japonica형 품종인 섬진벼가 통일형 품종인 서광벼에 비하여 냉해에 강한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 세포주기로부터 측정된 각 phase별 기간은 섬진벼가 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 $T_{G_1}$=2.0, $T_{s}$ =4.4, $T_{G_2}$=3.2 그리고 $T_{M}$=2.4 시간이었고, 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 $T_{G_1}$=1.8, $T_{s}$ =2.6, $T_{G_2}$=0.6 그리고 $T_{M}$=0.8 시간이었다. 서광벼에서는 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 $T_{G_1}$=3.0, $T_{s}$ =3.0, $T_{G_2}$=3.5 그리고 $T_{M}$=2.5시간이었고 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 $T_{G_1}$=1.5, $T_{s}$ =1.5, $T_{G_2}$=2.0 그리고 $T_{M}$=1.0시간이었다. 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 3$0^{\circ}C$로 배양온도가 상승함에 따라 섬진벼에서는 2$0^{\circ}C$에 비하여 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 $G_1$기는 길어졌고 $G_2$기와 M기는 짧아졌다. 그러나 서광벼에서는 각 phase의 상대적 기간이 거의 일정한 비율이었다. 3. DNA, RNA 및 protein 합성은 온도가 하항함에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.444-447
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• 2019

It was proven that the light outputs of blue GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was seriously influenced by the application of external stress. We have simulated the wave function overlap of an electron and hole, which are significantly reduced by the development of stress. Consequently, its internal quantum efficiency decreased from 67.0% to 37.5%. To experimentally investigate the effect of stress, we designed and prepared a special zig system. By applying external tensile stress to compensate for the compressive stress innately developed in Blue LEDs, it was found that the optical output was greatly enhanced from 83.1 mcd to 117.2 mcd at a current of 100 mA, an increase of approximately 41%. In contrast, when the compressive stress is developed more by external compressive stress, we observed that the light output power was reduced from 89.0 mcd to 80.7 mcd, a decrease of approximately 9.3%.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 차선도료로 MMA (methyl metacrylate) 수지계 열경화성 수지를 선정하여 차선의 내구성능과 재귀반사성능을 개선할 수 있는 최적의 열경화성 차선도료를 설계하고자 하였다. 특히 현장 적용성을 향상시키기 위하여 차선도료의 경화시간을 8 min으로 단축하기 위해 주재의 구성요소를 설계하였다. 실험 결과 MMA 모노머($Tg=105^{\circ}C$) 15.6 wt%에 PMMA (ploymethyl metacrylate, MW = 70,000, $Tg=60^{\circ}C$) 6.0 wt%와 TMPTA (trimethylolpropane triacrylate, MW = 338, $Tg=27^{\circ}C$) 1.2 wt%를 배합한 TSRM-6가 부착강도 등 도료물성이 우수하여 최적 배합비율로 결정하였다. 열경화성 차선도료의 도장조건은 분사 전 반드시 균일한 혼합이 이루어져야 하며 최적 설계된 TSRM-6에 우천용 유리알을 사용한 경우 마모시험 횟수 20만 회에서 야간재귀반사성능계수는 $431mcd{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}lux^{-1}$ (건조 조건), $354mcd{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}lux^{-1}$ (젖은 조건), $172mcd{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}lux^{-1}$ (비오는 조건)으로 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권5_1호
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• pp.725-733
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 (1) MCD12Q1 자료를 이용하여 시계열 마스크 맵 작성하여 (2) 시계열 마스크 맵의 연차별 논벼 재배면적 변화를 추출하고, (3) MYD13Q1 NDVI와 단수와의 상관계수를 비교하여 (4) 적용성을 검토하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2002년부터 2019년까지의 연도별 MCD12Q1 PFT 자료를 수집하여 시계열 마스크 맵을 작성하고 고정형 마스크 맵과 비교하였다. 그 결과, 시계열 마스크 맵에 의한 논벼 재배면적이 실제 논벼 재배면적의 변동 특성을 잘 반영하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 고정형 마스크 맵과 비교하여 NDVI와 논벼 단수와의 상관계수도 높게 나타나 시계열 마스크 맵이 논벼 고유의 식생지수 추출 및 작황 모니터링, 단수 추정의 정확도를 높이는 방법임을 확인하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

Objectives : Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (TG) that leads to inflammation and fibrosis. Crataegi Fructus ethanol extract (CE) is a korean traditional herb that used for digestive diseases. It has been investigated that CE has the effect that prevent hepatotoxicity caused by CCl4 or GaIN and regulate the inflammatory in several organs. However, a hypolipidemic effect of CF has not been reported. Methods : The purpose of this study is that examine the lipid accumulation inhibitory effect of CE on NAFLD. We checked the body and liver weight change of MCD-diet induced mice with/without administration of CE. The blood lipid levels of C57BL/6J mice were checked by biochemistry. Also we observed the liver histology of MCD-diet induced mice and investigate the molecular mechanisms in MCD-diet-induced NAFLD in C57BL/6J mice. Results : CE improved MCD-diet-induced lipid accumulation and TG and TC levels. Also, CE decreased hepatic lipogenesis such as SREBP-1, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, ACC and FAS. Besides, we also found out that CE increased AMPK phosphorylation. These results indicated that CE has the same ability to activate AMPK and then reduce SREBP-1, and FAS expression, finally leading to inhibit hepatic lipogenesis and hepatic antioxidative ability. Conclusions : In this report, we found CE exerted a regulatory effect on lipid accumulation by decreasing lipogenesis in MCD-diet induced NAFLD model. Therefore, CE extract may be active in the prevention of fatty liver.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.141-160
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• 2006

The obtained results are summarized as follows 1. New findings are reporting year by year as for the study related to Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Bee Venom therapy. 2. The Anti-inflammatory effect of Bee Venom therapy is achieved through counterirritation, stimulations to adrenal cortex, immuno-regulation, antioxidation, removal of free radicals, modulation of AGP gene induction. 3. The chief components of Bee Venom related to Anti-inflammatory effect are Melittin, MCD peptide, Apamin, Adolapin etc. 4. Melittin binds to secretory phospholipase A2 and inhibits its enzymatic activity. 5. Melittin blocks neutophil O2-production. 6. MCD peptide(Peptide 401) stimulates the mast cell secrets histamine, Anti-inflammatory effect caused by this is 'conterirritation'. 7. Melittin & Apamin have an anti-inflammatory effect by inducing cortisone secretion. 8. MCD peptide & Apamin increase immunologic fuction by stimulating hypophysis & adrenal cortex and have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid. 9. Adolapin have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting COX. 10. Bee Venom have an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing AGP($\alpha$-acid glycoprotein). 11. Bee Venom have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NO, iNOS, PLA2, COX-2, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1, NF-${\kappa}B$, MAP kinase.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.332-342
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• 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized one of the leading metabolic diseases globally, and the younger age population with the disease is rapidly growing, especially in developed countries. Since there has been no approved medicine, losing weight is known to be the only best remedy to control or reverse the disease. Recently, the field of microbiome has attracted much attention to offer more practical choices for patients. Here, we provide experimental evidence that Streptococcus thermophilus LM1012 (LM1012), a safe probiotic strain, is effective for improving NAFLD indexes. In the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet induced C57BL/6 mouse model, administration of LM1012 promoted marked reductions of aspartate transaminase (23.8%), total bilirubin (27.8%), hydroxycholesterol (64.2%), triglyceride (29.7%) and IL-1β (68.3%) compared to the MCD diet alone group. Also, the histopathological data imply that LM1012 inhibited fat accumulation and inflammation in the liver, which are the key biomarkers for progression of the disease. Together, these findings suggest that human consumption of LM1012 as a healthy nutritional supplement, may be helpful in reducing the risk of liver damages in NAFLD patients.