• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.640-649
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• 2010

Coarse granular materials such as gravel and crushed stone have been used as an important fill materials to large soil structure of railway, road, dam and so on. Although much studies for general soil materials have been carried out domestically, the studies for coarse materials were insufficient. Particularly, it is the level in which the study for dynamic properties(Elastic modulus and damping ratio) of coarse materials, applies the foreign country literature. This is due to the lack of large equipment for element test. But large soil structures made of coarse granular materials are generally important infrastructures. Therefore, the reliable design parameters for coarse materials should be obtained for safe and economic design, construction and maintenance. Triaxial test is the laboratory test method that is capable of controlling a confining pressure and boundary condition. In this project, we made a multi-purpose large triaxial testing system. This testing system is able to test coarse granular materials with maximum particle diameter of 100mm and support both the load control and displacement control. The load cell is installed inside of triaxial cell and the axial displacement is measured locally in order to control and measure more accurately in the small strain level. The verification test of this testing system was carried out with urethane verification specimens. So, from now on the useful information for coarse granular materials are expected to suggested by performing many tests with various material and condition.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2019

PURPOSE. While dental implants have displayed high success rates, poor mechanical fixation is a common complication, and their biomechanical response to occlusal loading remains poorly understood. This study aimed to develop and validate a computational model of a natural first premolar and a dental implant with matching crown morphology, and quantify their mechanical response to loading at the occlusal surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A finite-element model of the stomatognathic system comprising the mandible, first premolar and periodontal ligament (PDL) was developed based on a natural human tooth, and a model of a dental implant of identical occlusal geometry was also created. Occlusal loading was simulated using point forces applied at seven landmarks on each crown. Model predictions were validated using strain gauge measurements acquired during loading of matched physical models of the tooth and implant assemblies. RESULTS. For the natural tooth, the maximum vonMises stress (6.4 MPa) and maximal principal strains at the mandible ($1.8m{\varepsilon}$, $-1.7m{\varepsilon}$) were lower than those observed at the prosthetic tooth (12.5 MPa, $3.2m{\varepsilon}$, and $-4.4m{\varepsilon}$, respectively). As occlusal load was applied more bucally relative to the tooth central axis, stress and strain magnitudes increased. CONCLUSION. Occlusal loading of the natural tooth results in lower stress-strain magnitudes in the underlying alveolar bone than those associated with a dental implant of matched occlusal anatomy. The PDL may function to mitigate axial and bending stress intensities resulting from off-centered occlusal loads. The findings may be useful in dental implant design, restoration material selection, and surgical planning.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호통권76호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2005

건축물이 고층이 될 수록 고강도 강재의 사용요구가 증대된다. 그러나 고강도 강재는 일반 강재와는 전혀 다른 기계적 특성을 갖고 있다. 고강도 강재를 건축구조물에 적용하기 위해서는 비탄성 영역에서의 거동이 일반 강재와 동등한가를 확인해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 SM570TMC 강재로 제작된 박스형 및 H형 단면을 갖는 기둥의 국부좌굴강도를 평가하기 위해서 중심압축실험을 세장비를 변수로 수행하였다. 단주압축 실험결과 판폭두께비의 제한치를 만족하는 기둥부재의 최대내력은 국부좌굴에 의해 결정되며, 판폭두께비를 만족시키지 못하는 경우에는 최대내력에 도달하기 전에 국부좌굴이 발생되었으나 급격한 내력저하는 발생되지 않았다. 장주압축 실험결과 SM570TMC 강재는 허용응력도 설계법과 한계상태 설계법에서 정하고 있는 설계기준을 만족하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

Low cyclic loading tests are conducted on the steel reinforced recycled concrete (SRRC) column-steel (S) beam composite frame joints. This research aims to evaluate the earthquake damage performance of composite frame joints by performing cyclic loading tests on eight specimens. The experimental failure process and failure modes, load-displacement hysteresis curves, characteristic loads and displacements, and ductility of the composite frame joints are presented and analyzed, which shows that the composite frame joints demonstrate good seismic performance. On the basis of this finding, seismic damage performance is examined by using the maximum displacement, energy absorbed in the hysteresis loops and Park-Ang model. However, the result of this analysis is inconsistent with the test failure process. Therefore, this paper proposes a modified Park-Ang seismic damage model that is based on maximum deformation and cumulative energy dissipation, and corrected by combination coefficient ${\alpha}$. Meanwhile, the effects of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage and axial compression ratio on the seismic damage performance are analyzed comprehensively. Moreover, lateral displacement angle is used as the quantification index of the seismic performance level of joints. Considering the experimental study, the seismic performance level of composite frame joints is divided into five classes of normal use, temporary use, repair after use, life safety and collapse prevention. On this basis, the corresponding relationships among seismic damage degrees, seismic performance level and quantitative index are also established in this paper. The conclusions can provide a reference for the seismic performance design of composite frame joints.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.49-69
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• 2018

This paper shows an optimal design for reinforced concrete rectangular combined footings based on a criterion of minimum cost. The classical design method for reinforced concrete rectangular combined footings is: First, a dimension is proposed that should comply with the allowable stresses (Minimum stress should be equal or greater than zero, and maximum stress must be equal or less than the allowable capacity withstand by the soil); subsequently, the effective depth is obtained due to the maximum moment and this effective depth is checked against the bending shear and the punching shear until, it complies with these conditions, and then the steel reinforcement is obtained, but this is not guaranteed that obtained cost is a minimum cost. A numerical experimentation shows the model capability to estimate the minimum cost design of the materials used for a rectangular combined footing that supports two columns under an axial load and moments in two directions at each column in accordance to the building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary (ACI 318S-14). Numerical experimentation is developed by modifying the values of the rectangular combined footing to from "d" (Effective depth), "b" (Short dimension), "a" (Greater dimension), "${\rho}_{P1}$" (Ratio of reinforcement steel under column 1), "${\rho}_{P2}$" (Ratio of reinforcement steel under column 2), "${\rho}_{yLB}$" (Ratio of longitudinal reinforcement steel in the bottom), "${\rho}_{yLT}$" (Ratio of longitudinal reinforcement steel at the top). Results show that the optimal design is more economical and more precise with respect to the classical design. Therefore, the optimal design presented in this paper should be used to obtain the minimum cost design for reinforced concrete rectangular combined footings.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.72-72
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• 2018

A dynamic fatigue characteristic of dental implant system has been evaluated with applying single axial compressive shear loading based on the ISO 14801 standard. For the advanced dynamic fatigue test, multi-directional force and motion needed to be accompanied for more information of mechanical properties as based on mastication in oral environment. In this study, we have prepared loading and motion protocol for the multi-directional fatigue test of dental implant system with single (Apical/Occlusal; AO), and additional mastication motion (Lingual/Facial; LF, Mesial/Distal; MD). As following the prepared protocol (with modification of ISO 14801), fatigue test was conducted to verify the worst case results for the development of highly stabilized dental implant system. Mechanical testing was performed using an universal testing machine (MTS Bionix 858, MN, USA) for static compression and single directional loading fatigue, while the multi-directional loading was performed with joint simulator (ADL-Force 5, MA, USA) under load control. Basically, all mechanical test was performed according to the ISO 14801:2016 standard. Static compression test was performed to identify the maximum fracture force with loading speed of 1.0 mm/min. A dynamic fatigue test was performed with 40 % value of maximum fracture force and 5 Hz loading frequency. A single directional fatigue test was performed with only apical/occlusal (AO) force application, while multi directional fatigue tests were applied $2^{\circ}$ of facial/lingual (FL) or mesial/distal (MD) movement. Fatigue failure cycles were entirely different between applying single-directional loading and multi-directional loading. As a comparison of these loading factor, the failure cycle was around 5 times lower than single-directional loading while applied multi-directional loading. Also, the displacement change with accumulated multi-directional fatigue cycles was higher than that of single directional cycles.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 경계요소를 갖는 철근콘크리트 전단벽의 잠재소성힌지길이를 합리적으로 평가할 수 있는 단순모델의 제시이다. 전단벽의 높이에 따른 이상화된 곡률분포로부터, 기본방정식은 항복모멘트와 최대모멘트 그리고 사인장균열에 의한 부가모멘트의 함수로 일반화되었다. 전단벽의 항복모멘트와 최대모멘트는 변형률 적합조건과 힘의 평형조건을 기반하여 산정하였다. 사인장균열 발생의 여부는 ACI 318-11에서 제시된 콘크리트의 전단력으로부터 검토되었으며, 부가모멘트는 Park and Paulay에 의해 제시된 트러스기구를 이용하여 산정하였다. 이들 모멘트식들은 다양한 변수범위에서 변수연구를 수행하였다. 결과적으로 등가소성힌지길이는 주철근 및 수직철근지수와 축력지수의 함수로 제시될 수 있었다. 제시된 등가소성힌지길이의 모델은 실험결과의 비교에서 평균 및 표준편차가 각각 1.019와 0.102로 실험 결과를 정확하게 예측하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2021

Pile foundation is a typical form of bridge foundation and viaduct, and large-diameter rock-socketed piles are typically adopted in bridges with long span or high piers. To investigate the effect of a mountain slope with a deep overburden layer on the bearing characteristics of large-diameter rock-socketed piles, four centrifuge model tests of single piles on different slopes (0°, 15°, 30° and 45°) were carried out to investigate the effect of slope on the bearing characteristics of piles. In addition, three pile group tests with different slope (0°, 30° and 45°) were also performed to explore the effect of slope on the bearing characteristics of the pile group. The results of the single pile tests indicate that the slope with a deep overburden layer not only accelerates the drag force of the pile with the increasing slope, but also causes the bending moment to move down owing to the increase in the unsymmetrical pressure around the pile. As the slope increases from 0° to 45°, the drag force of the pile is significantly enlarged and the axial force of the pile reduces to beyond 12%. The position of the maximum bending moment of the pile shifts downward, while the magnitude becomes larger. Meanwhile, the slope results in the reduction in the shaft resistance of the pile, and the maximum value at the front side of the pile is 3.98% less than at its rear side at a 45° slope. The load-sharing ratio of the tip resistance of the pile is increased from 5.49% to 12.02%. The results of the pile group tests show that the increase in the slope enhances the uneven distribution of the pile top reaction and yields a larger bending moment and different settlements on the pile cap, which might cause safety issues to bridge structures.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.5-19
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 천층블록/심층말뚝 혼합식 시멘트혼합처리 공법을 구조체적 관점에서 해석하였고, 각 방법별 특징 및 관련 거동을 분석하였다. 연속보 해석법의 경우 침하량을 매우 작게 예측하였고, 천층블록의 전단력과 휨응력은 다소 크게 예측하였다. Frame 해석법의 경우 천층블록의 부재력과 장주의 부재력은 수치해석법과 가장 근접한 거동을 예측하였지만, 장주의 침하는 작게 예측하여, 장주 반력을 이용한 별도 침하계산을 실시해야하는 것으로 나타났다. 지반아칭법과 말뚝지지전면기초해석법의 경우 장주의 하중분담율이 타방법에 비해 매우 커서 장주의 축력이 과대 예측되었다. 천층블록/심층말뚝 혼합식 시멘트혼합처리공법을 적용하면, 천층블록의 침하 및 지반반력은 중앙에서 가장 크고, 외곽에서 가장 작았다. 또한, 개량체와 지반간의 상호작용을 고려할 수 있는 해석법에서 장주 개량체가 분담하는 하중은 약 20~45% 범위를 보였고, 응력분담비는 일반적인 말뚝식 DCM 공법보다 작은 약 2.0~5.0정도의 범위를 나타내었다. 장주 두부 경계조건에 따라 최대 부재력에서는 유사하지만, 두부 구속조건에서는 장주의 위치에 따라 축력 및 연직변위는 서로 다르게 나타났다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2017

목적: 외측 육각형과 내측 원추형 연결부로 설계된 임플란트 지지 하악 구치 수복물에 교합력을 가할때 발생하는 생역학 현상을 분석하고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 외측 연결형 임플란트(EXHEX)와 내측 연결형 임플란트(INCON) 그리고 이와 결합할 해당 나사와 지대주 및 크라운을 제작하였고, 하악 무치악 치조골을 설계하였다. 각 부분을 조립하여 2종의 유한요소 모형을 제작하였다. 총 120 N 크기의 수직력(L1)과 45도 측방력(L2)을 가하였고, 유한요소 응력 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: L2 측방력 하중에 의해 발생한 최대 응력은 L1 수직력 하중에 의한 것 보다 6 - 15배 더 컸다. INCON 모델은 EXHEX 모델보다 크라운 교두부에서 2.2배 더 큰 변위량을 보여 주었다. 측방력에 의해 EXHEX 모델은 나사에서, INCON 모델은 임플란트 고정체의 상단 변연부에서 폰미세스 응력의 최대값이 관찰 되었다. INCON 모델에서는 임플란트 내부 계면에서 긴밀한 접촉이 유지 되었다. 결론: 측방력이 큰 변형과 응력을 발생하였으나, 임플란트에서의 최대 응력 발생부위는 INCON과 EXHEX 모델이 서로 상이하였다.