• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2002

To investigate the usability of frozen canine embryos for embryo transfer in the dog, 19 donors, 3 recipients, and 6 male dogs were used for the experiment. Natural mating or artificial insemination was performed for breeding the bitches in natural estrus. Vaginal smear test along with progesterone titre test were performed to detect the appropriate mating time and the bitches were bred twice during 3-6days following LH surge. Embryo collection was done on 8, 9-11, 12-13 days after the second mating to collect morula and blastocyst. Embryos were frozen using a programmable freezer and preseued in LNE tank. Embryos were thawed in 37$^{\circ}C$ water for 15 seconds and transferred into each uterine horn within 30 minutes. Embryos were collected from 13 bitches of 19 donors(68.4%) and the collected embryos were from between 9 and 13 days after 2nd mating. Embryos were produced both by natural mating(60.0%, 9115) and AI with frozen semen(100.0%, 4/4). Embryos were collected from the donors weighed between 2.5 and 30 kg and their age was from 1.5 to 3 years. 52 embryos were collected from 13 donors and the mean number of embryos was four. The stage of embryos was from 2-cell to gastrula and morulae were colledted mostly from 10 to 11 days after 2nd mating. Embryos were collected evenly from each uterine horn and the rate of embryo collection for the number of corpus luteum was 83.9%. Embryos were transferred to 3 recipients(morula 8, blastocyst 1, gastrula 8), however, no offspring was produced.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.189-191
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• 2010

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, has a worldwide distribution in the tropics and warm temperate regions and is active in the Korea from May through October. This species colonize a wide variety of decomposing vegetable and animal matter and oviposits in a variety of decomposing materials. In this study, how the black soldier fly pupation, adult emergence and mating rate changed with season at the artificial rearing system was investigated. The black soldier fly larvae and pupae were reared under laboratory condition ($27^{\circ}C$, 60% R.H.). In this study, under the laboratory condition, pupation and adult emergence were not influenced by season, but the data shows definitely different mating numbers throughout whole year. The time of the day is changed with seasons and it influence to mating on artificial rearing. To culture the black soldier fly throughout the year in Korea needs a more deep study under the artificial rearing system.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2017

The present study investigated the impacts of mating age of gilts (A1, < 230 days; A2, 230 - 249 days and A3, $250{\leq}days$) on reproductive performance and litter size of sows at farrowing to weaning. A total of 102 crossbred gilts ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$; average days old, 90 days) were purchased from a commercial breeding company. After identification of third estrus, the gilts were artificially inseminated using semen of Duroc boars. Pregnant pigs were allotted to one of three groups including A1, A2, and A3. Experimental diets and water were fed ad libitum during each experimental period which included the first, second, and third parities. Backfat thickness (BFT) of sows was higher in A3 at farrowing in the first parity than in others. At weaning time in the second parity, sows in A3 group showed a numerically higher BFT than those in A1. There was no effect of mating age on the total number of piglets born and total weaned piglets. There was a tendency to decrease the wean-to estrus-interval in the first parity as age increased at mating. Results obtained in the present study indicate that the first mating age does not affect the subsequent parites' reproductive performance; however, weaned to estrus interval tended to decrease in A2 at the first parity.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 1991

멸구류의 난기생봉인 Anagrus incarnatus Haliday의 기주탐색, 고매행동, 산란습성 그리고 생색형태 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 난괴가 있는 엽초까지 도달하는데 소요되는 시간은 평균188.5초였고 기주에 도달후 안테나의 drumming시간은 17.5초, tapping 72.4초, 삽입하여 산란하는데 206.7초 걸렸으며 교미 시간은 16~21초 정도였다. 본 종은 양성생식과 단위생식을 겸하며 교미시의 암수 비율은 약 3:1이었고 자성단위 생식형이었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.899-909
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• 1997

The aim of this study was to assess the estimates of the time of ovulation and mating derived by plasma progesterone concentration. The 40 mature Korea Jin-do bitches were monitored to determine the plasma progesterone concentrations from proestrus to parturition. Gestation length in the 30 pregnant bitches was $63.9{\pm}2.3$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) days in multiparous bitches and $61.8{\pm}3.6$ days in primiparous bitches when Day 0 was timed from the first day of male acceptance, and $61.4{\pm}1.8$ days and $61.3{\pm}2.7$ days when Day 0 was timed from the day of first mating, respectively. Also, gestation length was $63.1{\pm}1.4$ days, $62.4{\pm}1.1$ days and $61.5{\pm}0.9$ days in multiparous bitches, and $62.6{\pm}1.4$ days, $62.4{\pm}2.0$ days and $61.6{\pm}2.3$ days in primiparous bitches when Day 0 was timed from the day that plasma progesterone concentration was first increased above 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0ng/ml, respectively, and $53.8{\pm}3.1$ days and $54.8{\pm}2.6$ days when Day 0 was timed from the last day of male acceptance, respectively. In 30 pregnant bitches, plasma progesterone concentration was $0.2{\pm}0.2ng/ml$ in multiparous bitches and $0.7{\pm}0.8ng/ml$ in primiparous bitches at the first day of vulval bleeding, $1.9{\pm}1.0$ and $3.3{\pm}2.7ng/ml$ at the first day of male acceptance, $7.0{\pm}4.0$ and $9.3{\pm}6.2ng/ml$ at the day of first mating, and $25.1{\pm}6.3$ and $22.8{\pm}10.3ng/ml$ at the last day of male acceptance, respectively. When Day 0 was timed from the day of parturition, plasma progesterone concentration at Day -62, Day -63 and Day -64 was $4.7{\pm}2.7ng/ml$, $3.5{\pm}2.2ng/ml$ and $1.7{\pm}0.9ng/ml$ in multiparous bitches, and $5.3{\pm}4.4ng/ml$, $3.2{\pm}3.7ng/ml$ and $2.0{\pm}1.9ng/ml$ in primiparous bitches, respectively. When Day 0 was timed from the day that plasma progesterone concentration was first increased above 3.0ng/ml after the first day of vulval bleeding, plasma progesterone concentration at Day 61 and Day 62 was $2.7{\pm}2.2ng/ml$ and $1.4{\pm}1.9ng/ml$ in multiparous bitches, and $3.4{\pm}5.2ng/ml$ and $3.7{\pm}5.6ng/ml$ in primiparous bitches, and $0.8{\pm}0.7ng/ml$ and $0.9{\pm}0.4ng/ml$ at Day 63, respectively. It was that bitches were mated when plasma progesterone concentraion was 1.9 to 14.2ng/ml and 3.5 to 20.0ng/ml in multiparous and primiparous bitches, which was between first day before ovulation and fourth day after ovulation. And pregnancy rate was 92% (23/25). From these data, ovulation was estimated to occur the day when plasma progesterone concentration was first increased above 3.0ng/ml after the first day of vulval bleeding. It was estimated that mating time was the day when plasma progesterone concentration was between 1.9 and 20.0ng/ml, and best time for mating was between 3.0 and 8.0ng/ml of plasma progesterone concentration.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2014

갈색여치는 최근 대발생으로 과수농가에서 피해가 급격히 증가하고 있다. 갈색여치의 종령 약충과 미성숙 성충, 성숙 성충에 대한 교미행동 및 일일행동패턴에 대하여 조사하였다. 일일행동패턴은 휴식, 이동, 섭식을 반복하였다. 종령 약충과 미성숙 성충의 일일행동패턴은 유사했다. 종령 약충은 평균 10:06에 활동을 시작하고 21:12에 휴식을 취한다. 미성숙 성충은 평균 11:30에 활동을 시작하고 20:08에 휴식을 취한다. 그러나 성숙 성충의 경우 15:30에 활동을 시작하는 차이를 보였다. 성숙 성충은 특정시간(약 20:00)대에 교미행동을 보인다. 갈색여치의 교미행동은 암컷의 spermatophylax를 섭취하게 되는데 다 섭취하기까지 270-360분이 소요된다. 갈색여치의 행동패턴은 이들의 발생양상과 생태를 알 수 있어 갈색여치를 방제하기 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of distribution of mating type (MAT) genes of Tuber indicum in ectomycorhizosphere soils from natural T. indicum-producing areas and cultivated truffle orchards and ascocarp samples from different regions. Quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex PCR were used to weight the copy numbers of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 in natural truffle soils and cultivated orchard soils. The effect of limestone on the pattern of truffle MAT genes and the correlation between soil properties and the proportion of MAT genes were also assessed. These results indicated that an uneven and nonrandom distribution of MAT genes was common in truffle-producing areas, cultivated truffle orchards, and ascocarps gleba. The competition between the two mating type genes and the expansion of unbalanced distribution was found to be closely related to truffle fructification. Limestone treatments failed to alter the proportion of the two mating type genes in the soil. The content of available phosphorus in soil was significantly correlated with the value of MAT1-1-1/MAT1-2-1 in cultivated and natural ectomycorhizosphere soils. The application of real-time quantitative PCR can provide reference for monitoring the dynamic changes of mating type genes in soil. This study investigates the distributional pattern of T. indicum MAT genes in the ectomycorhizosphere soil and ascocarp gleba from different regions, which may provide a foundation for the cultivation of T. indicum.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the level of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) in whole and skim milk samples, and its suitability for early pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Methods: A two-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for estimation of milk PAG was developed and validated, which employed caprine-PAG specific polyclonal antisera. Whole and skim milk samples (n = 210 each) from fifteen multiparous goats were collected on alternate days from d 10 to d 30, and thereafter weekly till d 51 post-mating. PAG levels in milk samples were estimated by ELISA and the pregnancies were confirmed at d40 post-mating by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Results: The level of PAG in whole and skim milk samples of both pregnant and nonpregnant goats remained below the threshold values until d 24 after mating. Thereafter, PAG concentration in whole and skim milk increased steadily in pregnant goats, whereas it continued below the threshold in non-pregnant does. The PAG profiles in whole and skim milk of pregnant goats were almost similar and exhibited strong positive relationship (r = 0.891; p<0.001). Day 26 post-mating was identified as the first time-point for significantly (p<0.05) higher milk PAG concentration in pregnant goats than to non-pregnant goats. When compared to TRUS examination for pregnancy diagnosis, the accuracy and specificity of PAG ELISA using whole and skim milk samples were 94.5% and 95.4%; and 95.3% and 100%, respectively. The high values of area-under-curve (0.904 [whole milk] and 0.922 [skim milk]), demonstrate outstanding discrimination ability of the milk assays. Among the sampling dates chosen, d 37 post-mating was identified as the best suitable time point for collection of milk samples to detect pregnancy in goats. Conclusion: The PAG concentration in whole and skim milk of goats collected between days 26 and 51 post-breeding can be used for the accurate prediction of pregnancy and may be useful for assisting management decisions in goat flocks.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.115-118
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• 1988

Mating experiments were performed to, elucidate the distribution of perfect state of Microsporum gypseum complex originated from animals and soils in Korea. A total of 30 strains of M. gypseum complex, composed of 16 from animals and 14 from soils, ere mated with the tester strains of Nannizzia incurvata, N. gypsea and N. fulva. Among 30 strains of M. gypseum complex examined, 16 strains(53.3%) were N. incurvata, 13 strains(43.3%) N. gypsea and 1 strain (3.3%) N. fulva. Among 13 strains of dog isolates, 8 strains(61.5%) were N. incurvata and 5 strains(38.5%) N. gypsea. And each strain isolated from Korean native goat, monkey and albino rat was N. gypsea. Among 14 strains of soil isolates, 8 strains(57.2%) were N. incurvata, 5 strains (35.7%) N. gypsea and 1 strain(7.2%) N. fulva. And -mating type was more frequently observed than +mating type in the strains of N. incurvata and N. gypsea. By this study, N. fulva was isolated the first time in Korea.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2003

Although assembly sequence planning is an essential task in assembly process planning, it is known as one of the most difficult and time consuming jobs because its complexity is increased geometrically when the number of parts in an assembly is increased. The purpose of this study is to develop a more efficient algorithm for generating assembly sequences automatically. By considering subassemblies, a new heuristic method generates a preferred parallel assembly sequence that can be used in robotic assembly systems. A parallel assembly sequence concept provides a new representation scheme for an assembly in which the assembly sequence precedence information is not required. After an user inputs both the directional mating relation information and the mating condition information, an assembly product is divided into subgroups if the product has cut-vertices. Then, a virtual disassembly process is executed to generate alternate parallel assembly sequences with intermediate assembly stability. Through searching parts relations in the virtual disassembly process, stable subassemblies are extracted from translation-free parts along disassembling directions and this extraction continues until no more subassemblies are existed. Also, the arithmetic mean parallelism formula as a preference criterion is adapted to select the best parallel assembly sequence among others. Finally a preferred parallel assembly sequence is converted to an assembly BOM structure. The results from this study can be utilized for developing CAAPP(Computer-Aided Assembly Process Planning) systems as an efficient assembly sequence planning algorithm.