• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-27
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• 1995

One of the important tasks for new parents, especially mothers, is to establish warm, mutually affirming interpersonal relationships with the new baby in the family, with the purpose of promoting the health development of the child and the well-being of the whole family. Nurses assess the quality of the behavioral characteristics of the maternal-infant interaction. The purpose of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the changes of the mother - infant interactions from postpartum 1 day to postpartum 8weeks of the transition to parenthood. The aim was to contribute to the development of theoretical under standing on which to base care toward promoting the quality of maternal - infant interaction. Data were collect ed directly by the investigator and at rained from Jul, 1, 1990 to Jun 8, 1991, Subjects were a random sample of 44 mothers, 44 who had a normal delivery (but with out other perinatal complications) at four general hospitals in Seoul. Instruments used were the Stainton Parent-infant Interaction Scale (1981). The first observations were made in the delivery room, followed by day 1, day 2, day 3 and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after, birth, for a total of 8 contacts. Observations in the hospital were made during the hour prior to scheduled feedings. The infant was placed beside the mother. Later contacts were made at home. Data analysis was don by computer using as SPSS program and included, Paired t-test, t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient ; the results were as follows. 1. The daily maternal-infant interaction score for the initial contact ofter birth to 8 weeks postpartum had the lowest average score 5.21 and the highest 8.02(in a range of 0-10). This subject group of mothers needed Extra nursing supporting to promote their maternal-infant interaction. 2. The daily scores for the maternal-infant interaction tended to rise, showing a gradual improvement over the period of eight weeks. However, there were significantly different increases in maternal-infant interaction only from the first to second day (p=0.000) and from the fourth to sixth weeks ofter birth.(p=0.000) 3. When the seven items of maternal-infant interaction were evaluated items of maternal-infant inter action were evaluated separately, "Care taking for the baby" had the highest average score, 1.60(in a range of 0-2) and "Speaks to baby" the lowest, 0.8. All items, suggested the subjects' need of nursing intervention to promote maternal-infant interaction 4. There were positive correlations between certain general characteristics, namely, both a higher economic status (p=0.027) and breast feeding (p=0.021) and maternal-infant interaction.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2019

Objectives: We aimed to compare the differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents' mental health between different adult attachment styles. Methods: Forty-four parents who completed a parental education program were enrolled in our study. They completed the Korean version of the Experience of Close Relationship Revised, Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Maternal Behavior Research Instrument, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Results: The avoidant attachment score positively correlated with parenting stress. The anxious attachment score showed a positive relationship with parenting stress, hostile parenting attitude, and psychopathology, but a negative association with an affectionate parenting attitude. The secure attachment group exhibited a more autonomous, affectionate parenting style and a less hostile parenting attitude and less parenting stress than the insecure attachment group. Dismissing-avoidant attachment parents reported significantly higher parenting stress scores than secure attachment parents. Preoccupied and fearful-avoidant attachment parents displayed a more hostile parenting style than secure attachment parents. Dismissing-avoidant and preoccupied parents reported a less affectionate parenting attitude than secure attachment parents. Conclusion: There were differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents' mental health depending on the adult attachment style. More specific education and interventions based on parental attachment type are necessary for parents.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2003

Purpose: This study is to define the structural patterns of pregnancy motivation of married women. Method: Q-methodology was used on 110 statements collected from interviews with women and a literature review. 38 Q-samples were selected. The Q-samples were administerd to 30 randomized P-sample. Result: Data analysis of Q-type obtained by QUANL program shows three types of subjectivity in the perception of pregnancy motivation. Type 1, $\ulcorner$Family-connection strengthening$\lrcorner$, Pregnancy motivation is characterized by the tendency to make home, to tie family member, to connect couple firmly. Type 2, $\ulcorner$Self-satisfaction$\lrcorner$, Women of this type take pleasure and happiness from child rearing in terms of being a mother and having maternal affection. Type 3, $\ulcorner$Self-centered$\lrcorner$, This type of pregnancy motivation puts on high emphasis on self achievement and they make a family planning suitable for the maternal role. Conclusion: The stronger was women's pregnancy motivation, the more positive were women's pregnancy experience and maternal role attainment. Conclusion: Therefore, When nurses take care of pregnancy women, they should understand the women's psycho-social aspects and then apply a program of nursing intervention to the pregnant women, It is necessary to continue to study on social and psychological problems related to pregnancy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-95
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• 1972

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of service by maternity aids concerning maternal and child health in improving simultaneously infant mortality, contraception and vital registration among expectant mothers in rural Korea, where there is less apportunity for maternal and child health care. It is unrealistic to expect to solve this problem in rural Korea through professional persons considering the situation of medical facilities and the socioeconomic condition of residents. So, we intended to adopt a system of services by maternity aids who were educated formally among indigenous women. After the women were trained in maternal and child health, contraception, and registration for a short period, they were assigned as a maternity aids to each village to help with various activities concerning maternal and child health, for example, registration of pregnant women, home visiting to check for complications, supplying of delivery kits, attendance at delivery, persuasion of contraception, and invitation for registration and so on. Mean-while, four researchers called on the maternity aids to collect materials concerning vital events, maternal child health, contraception and registration, and to give further instruction and supervision as the program proceeded. A. Changes of women's attitude by services of maternity aid. Now, we examined to what extent' such a service system to expectant mothers affected a change in attitude of women residing in the study area as compared to women of the control area. 1) In the birth and death places, there were no changes between last and present infants, in study or control area. 2) In regard to attendants at delivery, there were no changes except for a small percentage of attendance (8%) by maternity aid in study area. But, I expect that more maternity sids could be used as attendants at delivery if they would be trained further and if there was more explanation to the residents about such a service. 3) Considering the rate of utilization of sterilized delivery kit, I am sure that more than 90 percent would be used if the delivery kit were supplied in the proper time. There were significant differences in rates between the study and the control areas. 4) Taking into consideration the utilization rate of the clinic for prenatal care and well baby care, if suck facilities were installed, it would probably be well utilized. 5) In the contraception, the rate of approval was as high as 89 percent in study area as compared to 82 percent in the control area. 6) Considering the rate of pre-and post-partum acceptance on contraception were as much as 70 percent or more, if motivation to use contraception was given to them adequately, the government could reach the goals for family planning as planned. 7) In the vital registration, the rate of birth registration in the study area was some what improved compared to that of the control area, while the rate of death registration was not changed at all. Taking into account the fact that the rate of confirmation of vital events by maternity aids was remarkably high, if the registration system changed to a 'notification' system instead of formal registration ststem, it would be improved significantly compared to present system. B. Effect of the project Thus, with changes in the residents' attitude, was there a reduction in the infant death rate? 1) It is very difficult problem to compare the mortality of infants between last and present infants, because many women don't want to answer accurately about their dead children especially the infants that died within a few days after birth. In this study the data of present death comes from the maternity aides who followed up every pregnancy they had recorded to see what had happened. They seem to have very reliable information on what happened in first few weeks with follow up visitits to check out later changes. From these calculaton, when we compared the rate of infant death between last and present infant, there was remarkable reduction of death rate for present infant compare to that of last children, namely, the former was 30, while the latter 42. The figure is the lowest rate that I have ever heard. As the quality of data we could assess by comparing the causes of death. In the current death rate by communicable disease was much lower compare to the last child especially, tetanus cases and pneumonia. 2) Next, how many respondents used contraception after birth because of frequent contact with the maternity aid. In the registered cases, the respondents showed a tendency to practice contraception at an earlier age and with a small number of children. In a comparison of the rate of contraception between the study and the control area, the rate in the former was significantly higher than that of the latter. What is more, the proportion favoring smaller numbers of children and younger women rose in the study area as compared to the control area. 3) Regarding vital registration, though the rate of registration was gradually improved by efforts of maternity aid, it would be better to change the registration system. 4) In the crude birth rate, the rate in the study area was 22.2 while in the control area was 26.5. Natural increase rate showed 15.4 in the study area, while control area was 19.1. 5) In assessment of the efficiency of the maternity aids judging by the cost-effect viewpoint, the workers in the Medium area seemed to be more efficiency than those of other areas.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the sleep/activity patterns of neonates and to provide a baseline data in developing an effective maternal-child nursing intervention strategies. The subjects of this study were 57 normal newborn babies from birth to 4 weeks of age, who visited the Postpartum Care Center and two General Hospitals and One Local clinic in Taejon. The data were collected from October 28th, 1999 to April 28th, 2000. The instrument used in this study was NCASA developed by Barnard and validated by the Academic Society of Parent-Child Health. The data were analyzed with the SPSS PC+ 7.5 for window program using means, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 7.45 hours, nighttime sleep was 4.27 hours, and the total daily sleep was 11.72 hours. The mean amount of longest sleep period was 4.32 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 35.55%, the nighttime sleep was 44.82%, and the total daily sleep was 39.02%. The mean frequency of nighttime awakenings was 2.44 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime awake periods was 8.54 hours, the nighttime awake periods was 3.72 hours, and the daily total awake periods was 12.27 hours. The mean amount of the longest awake period was 3.98 hours. 3. The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.18 times, the nighttime feeding was 2.50 times, and the total daily feeding was 7.49. The mean of regularity of total daily feeding was 61.34%. 4. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on newborn's age, there were some statistically significant differences noted in the following factors ; amount of nighttime sleep (F=7.65, p=.002), longest sleep period(F=5.84, P=.006). 5. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on newborn's age, there were some statistically significant differences noted in the following factors ; amount of nighttime activity (F=7.64, P=.002), longest activity period (F=4.34, P=.020), frequency of nighttime feeding(F=3.89, p=.029), frequency of total daily feeding(F=3.76, P=.033), and regularity of daily feeding(F=4.66, P=.016). In conclusion, the newborn baby slept more during the daytime than nighttime and more active during the daytime. And there were some irregular sleep/activity pattern noted during 1 to 2 weeks of newborn baby. The results of this study will contribute to maternal-child health nursing practice and nursing research, and provide an information to parents about what to expect their newborn baby.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2001

This study was performed to explore the family support. the quality of marital relationship, and health promoting behaviors of the mature gravidas. and to validate the relationship between them. From November, 1999 to June. 2000. mature gravidas older than 35(N=82) were recruited from K University Hospital located in Seoul and Kyungki Province. Korea. Data was collected using a self-rating method and semi-structured interview. The questionnaires were: Perceived Social Support from Family developed by Procidano & Heller (1983). Quality of Marital Index by Norton (1983). and Health Promoting Life-style Profile by Walker, Sechrist, & Pender (1987), Interviews were conducted using the interview guide with open-ended questions related to health concerns and health promoting behaviors. Data was analyzed using a pc-SAS program for quantitative data. The levels of the perceived family support and the quality of marital relationship were relatively high. The relationship between perceived family support and quality of marital relationship, and health promoting life-style behaviors was statistically significant. Six themes emerged as primary concerns for the mature gravidas during childbearing: 'Concerns related to the fetal wellbeing', 'Concerns related to fetal education', 'Concerns related to the maternal physical health', 'Concerns related to the maternal emotional health', 'Concerns related to safe delivery' and 'Concerns related to child-rearing'. Nursing implications for practice include expanding prenatal assessment inventories to address the concerns and support system of mature gravidas.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.177-192
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• 1998

The early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attainment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus-response accomplished by learning. Helping for maternal role attainment is one of nursing goals in the early postpartum period. Based on King's conceptual framework for nursing, this study was planned as descriptive correlation study to determine the significant differences of the degree of nursery room nurses' role performance according to several variables of personal, interpersonal, and working system of nurses in nursery room. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to help maternal role attainment of the early postpartum period of mothers and to the development of relevant nursing theory. The data were collected from Feb. 3 to 28 by questionnaires with 273 nurses in nursery room. The instruments for this study were consisted of four parts : 21 questions for rot performance of nurse. 37 questions for personal system of nurse including 31 questions for role perception of nurse : 65 questions for interpersonal system including 63 questions for job stress of nurses , 18 questions for working system of nurse. The toos to measure role performance and role perception, and job stress of nurse were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.9612, 0.9058, and 0.9649. The data were analysed by using in S.A.S. computerized program and included percentage, t-test, ANOVA Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Duncan multiple range test. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The mean score of the items of role performance was 2.12(SD=0.55) in Likert's 4 points scale. 2. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to role perception(p=0.0001), age (p=0.006), educational background(p=0.002) , and certificate of midwife (p=0.03) among variables of personal system of subjects. 3. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to job stress (p=0.0001) and numbers of children(p=0.006) among variables of interpersonal system of subjects. 4. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to having opportunities for baby(p=0.03), the degree of flexibility to bring baby to mother's room(p=0.046), the scope of visitor for baby(p=0.016) , the degree of flexibility of visiting for baby (p=0.049) , the degree of participation of nurse in establishing visiting rules(p=0.017), existence and/or nonexistance of rules for breast feeding(p=0.010) , existence and/or nonexistance of education for breast feeding (p=0.009), existence and/or nonexistance of breast feeding room(p=0.013) , concert methods for breast feeding (p=0.003), working place (p=0.0001), and career(p=0.019) among variables of personal system of subjects.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2024

Objectives: Health development is a key element of national development. The goal of improving health development at the societal level will be readily achieved if it is directed from the smallest social unit, namely the family. This was the goal of the Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach. The objective of the study was to analyze variables of family health indicators across all provinces in Indonesia to identify provincial disparities based on the status of healthy families. Methods: This study examined secondary data for 2021 from the Indonesia Health Profile, provided by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, and from the 2021 welfare statistics by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). From these sources, we identified 10 variables for analysis using the k-means method, a non-hierarchical method of cluster analysis. Results: The results of the cluster analysis of healthy family indicators yielded 5 clusters. In general, cluster 1 (Papua and West Papua Provinces) had the lowest average achievements for healthy family indicators, while cluster 5 (Jakarta Province) had the highest indicator scores. Conclusions: In Indonesia, disparities in healthy family indicators persist. Nutrition, maternal health, and child health are among the indicators that require government attention.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1987

This study was performed as a part of survey for the operation and interim evaluation of the on-going pilot project of community health in Jeomdong-Myon, Yeoju-Gun, Kyunggi-Province since 1982. Seven Villages (Ri) were selected purposively for the survey from a total of 26 villages in Jeomdong-Myon, target area, under the consideration of the socio-economic background and the distribution of health resources. The target population was the women in age group of 15-44 years in that area and a total of 156 women were interviewed. This study was done by the interview survey using questionnaire which was composed with questions about MCH and FP. The results were as follows; 1) ln the status of maternal health, (1) the proportion of receiving antenatal care was relatively high (67.1%) in this area, but the starting time of antenatal care was delayed to 7 months or more of gestational period in 22 percent. Therefore some intervention would be necessary for advancing the time of antenatal care. (2) The proportion of home delivery was decreased according to the rank of birth-order. And more than 50 percent of delivery attendants were mothers-in-law or neighbors. The fact indicates that the health education for non-professional delivery attendents would be necessary for improving home delivery and the content of education would be preferable to focussing to the method of hygienic delivery attending. (3) The comprehensive health service and education would be recommended for the postnatal care, because of the extremely low rate of postnatal care in this area. 2) In the status of child health, (1) the pro-portion of breast feeding was 90.2 percent, and the weaning started after 12 months of birth in 12.7 percent. This indicates the necessity of education about the weaning program. (2) The proportion of completed basic vaccination was 39.6% and the main reason of missing vaccination was poor accessibility in terms of time. For that, the supply of vaccine to primary health care units (health subcenters) should be continuous, not infrequent nor occassional. 3) The proportion of respondants who were using contraceptive methods currently was 79.8 percent and in 44.7 percent they accepted the permanent contraceptive methods. Those results are distinct in this area. But it seems a serious health problem that 53.2 percent of respondants were experienced the induced abortion for birth control.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

목적 본 연구는 결혼이민자 산모를 대상으로 가정방문을 통한 간호중재 프로그램을 제공하고 그 효과를 규명하기 위한 것이다. 방법 편의표출 및 눈덩이표출을 통해 서울과 수원 지역의 중국, 베트남, 필리핀 결혼이민자 임부를 파악하여 비동등성 대조군 전후설계로 실험군 20명, 대조군 19명을 대상으로 하였다. 출산 후 퇴원하면 일주일 이내 가정방문하여 사전조사를 실시 후 실험군에 대한 중재를 제공하였으며, 산후 6주와 3개월에 다시 두 군 모두 가정방문을 통해 자료를 수집하고 실험군에는 중재를 제공하였다. 결과 실험군과 대조군의 영아돌보기 자신감에 대한 그룹과 시간 간의 상호작용 효과가 유의하여 실험군은 대조군보다 퇴원 후 5일 이내의 사전조사에 비해 산후 6주와 3개월 영아돌보기 자신감이 유의하게 더 증가하였다. 또한 실험군은 대조군보다 산후 3개월 영아 발달에 필요한 양육환경을 더 긍정적으로 조성하였으며 생후 6주와 3개월의 영아기질을 더 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 그러나 산후우울과 남편의 지지는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 본 연구를 통해 결혼이민자 산모에 대한 가정방문 간호중재 프로그램이 영아돌보기와 양육환경 조성에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 현재 진행하고 있는 맞춤형 방문건강관리사업에서 결혼이민자 산모에 대한 중재 프로그램을 활성화할 것을 제언한다.