• 아동학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the bidirectional relationship between the negative emotionality of 0-to 3-year-old and maternal parenting styles, focusing on warmth and reactivity. Four waves of panel data from the Korean Children Panel Study(KCPS) were analyzed in this study by means of autoregressive cross-lagged modeling. The results of this study were as follows. First, negative emotionality and maternal parenting styles were consistently stable for 0-to 3-year-old. Second, a bidirectional relationship between negative emotionality and maternal warmth parenting styles was confirmed according to the appearance of both parent and child effects. In other words, higher levels of negative emotionality was associated with lower maternal warmth parenting styles across time and in both directions. Additionally, the relationship between negative emotionality and maternal reactivity parenting styles were partially identified as being bidirectional in nature, whilst also being related to age. These findings suggested that parent education aimed at strengthening parenting skills, and programs designed to relieve negative emotionality of 0-to 3-year-olds are clearly needed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.245-257
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of children's perception of maternal acceptance-rejection and self-evaluation on learned helplessness. The Subjects were 371 fifth and sixth grade children. The helplessness scale, PAQ, PARQ were used. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA and path analysis which was made through multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: 1. The children's perceived maternal acceptance was significantly different depending on their parent's education level. In children's perceived parental rejection, there were gender differences. 2. In the children's self-evaluation, there were an interaction effect determined by the child's sex and the mother's education level, and a main effect of mother's education level. 3. Children's learned helplessness was significantly different depending on their mother's education level. 4. Children's perceived maternal acceptance(β=-0.36, p<.01) and rejection (β=0.17, p<.01) had a direct impact on their self-evaluation. Their self-evaluation(β=0.54, p<.01) and perceived maternal rejection(β=0.16, p<.01) had a direct impact on learned helplessness, but perceived maternal acceptance didn't have a direct impact on learned helplessness.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2020

This study examined the dual mediating effects of preschoolers' executive function and counterfactual thinking in the relationship between maternal reflective functioning and preschoolers' higher-order thinking. Participants included 293 preschoolers and their mothers in Daegu city and Gyeongsang province. The mothers completed questionnaires regarding their reflective functioning, preschoolers' executive function, and creative thinking. Teachers completed questionnaires regarding preschoolers' critical thinking and caring thinking. Preschoolers' counterfactual thinking was measured by interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis with SPSS 25.0. Path analysis and bootstrapping were used with AMOS 25.0 program. Also, specific indirect effect were analyzed using AMOS user-defined estimand function. The primary results of this study are as follows. Maternal reflective functioning had an indirect effect on preschoolers' critical thinking and caring thinking through preschoolers' executive function and counterfactual thinking; however, maternal reflective functioning had no indirect effect on preschoolers' creative thinking through preschoolers' executive function and counterfactual thinking. This study revealed that maternal reflective functioning and preschoolers' executive function and counterfactual thinking need to be considered simultaneously to explain the level of preschoolers' higher-order thinking. The results highlight the dual mediating effects of preschoolers' executive function and counterfactual thinking in the relationship between maternal reflective functioning and preschoolers' higher-order thinking.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2012

This study examined the mediating effect of maternal abuse and neglect on the relationship between socioeconomic status and preschoolers' social behavior. A total of 702 mothers with 3-year-olds(353 boys and 349 girls) and the children's teachers, all of whom reside in Seoul, participated in the study. Socioeconomic status was measured by maternal educational level and monthly household income. Maternal abuse and neglect were assessed by asking mothers to complete the Parent-to-Child Version of the Conflict Tactics Scales. Both mothers and teachers completed the Preschool Social Behavior Scale in order to evaluate prosocial behavior and aggression. The results indicated that both socioeconomic status and maternal abuse and neglect were significantly associated with preschool children's prosocial behavior, and socioeconomic status was significantly and negatively related to aggression. Furthermore, a structural equation model confirmed the mediating effect of maternal abuse and neglect on the relationship between socioeconomic status and preschool children's prosocial behavior, suggesting the need for interventions focusing on improving positive parenting and decreasing negative parenting to promote prosocial behavior.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.187-190
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for total number of born (TNB), number of born alive (NBA) and teat numbers (TN) of Landrace and Yorkshire breeds in Korean swine population using multiple trait animal model procedures. Total numbers of 4,653 records for teat numbers and 8,907 records for TNB and NBA collected from 2004 to 2008 on imported breeding pigs and their litter size records were used in this study. To find the appropriate model for estimation of genetic parameters (heritabilities and genetic correlations), five statistical models (two models for reproductive traits, two models for teat numbers, one model for combining these traits) considering only direct additive genetic effects, including maternal effects were used and Akaike information criteria (AIC) of each two models for reproductive traits and teat trait were compared. The means and standard deviations of TNB, NBA, and TN were $11.52{\pm}3.34$, $10.55{\pm}2.96$ and $14.30{\pm}0.83$, respectively. Estimated heritabilities for TNB and NBA traits using the model which considered only additive genetic effect were low (0.06 and 0.05, respectively). However, estimated heritabilities considering maternal genetic effects were a little bit higher than that of the model considering only additive genetic effect (0.09 for TNB and NBA, respectively). Estimated heritability for TN using the model which considered only additive genetic effect was 0.40. However, estimated heritability of direct genetic effects from a model considering maternal genetic effect was high (0.60). All results of AIC statistics, the models considering maternal effect was more appropriate than the models considering only additive genetic effect. Genetic correlations of direct additive genetic effect between litter size (TNB, NBA) and teat numbers were low (-0.18 and -0.14, respectively). However, genetic correlations of maternal effect between litter size (TNB, NBA) and teat numbers were a little bit higher than those of direct additive genetic effect (0.08 and 0.16, respectively).

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 2000년부터 2008년 사이에 출생한 Duroc종, Landrace종 및 Yorkshire종의 GGP (Great Grand Parents) 종돈 31,455두의 농장검정자료를 이용하여 단변량 모체효과 모형에 의한 돼지의 경제형질에 대한 유전모수 및 유전력 추정을 통해 모체효과가 돼지의 경제형질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 조사된 모든 형질에서 각 요인에 대한 유의성을 검정한 결과 모든 형질에 있어서 품종, 성, 출생년도, 출생계절 및 산차의 효과는 고도의 유의성이 인정되었고 (p<0.01), 모체효과 모형을 이용하였을 때 각 품종별 형질에 대해 추정된 상가적 유전 분산과 모체 유전 분산사이에 부 (-)의 공분산이 존재하고, 이들의 유전 상관도 대부분 강한 부 (-)의 상관관계를 보여 품종, 형질 및 개량 방향에 따라 모체 효과뿐만 아니라 상가적 효과와 모체 효과간의 상관관계도 적절히 고려한다면 좀 더 효율적인 개량효과를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.350-356
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• 2017

국내에서는 우리 고유의 재래돼지가 보존되고 있으나 성장 및 번식능력이 낮고 등지방두께가 두꺼워 경제성이 떨어진다는 이유로 농가에서 사육을 기피하고 있다. 하지만, 나고야의정서 발효 등에 따라 고유 유전자원의 중요성은 커지고 있으며 따라서, 고유 유전자원인 재래돼지를 활용한 신 계통 개발의 중요성은 점차 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 개체모형을 이용하여 돼지의 경제적 형질에 대한 유전모수 및 유전적 변화의 추정을 통해 모체유전효과가 돼지의 경제 형질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 자료는 국립축산과학원으로부터 2000년부터 2015년까지 수집한 두록종, 재래돼지 그리고 합성종(재래돼지${\times}$두록종)의 자료를 사용하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 경제형질은 일당증체량과 등지방두께를 이용하였으며 분석에 사용된 Model식은 개체효과만을 고려한 Model 1과 모체효과를 추가한 Model 2 그리고 모체 영구환경효과가 포함된 Model 3을 사용하여 분석에 이용하였다. 분석 결과 상가적 유전력이 모체효과 유전력보다 높은 유전력을 나타냈으며 상가적 유전분산과 모체 유전분산 간의 유전상관은 모든 품종에서 강한 부(-)의 상관관계를 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 좀 더 효율적인 개량 효과를 거두기 위해서는 품종 및 형질 또는 개량 방향에 따라 개체 효과와 모체유전효과 그리고 유전상관을 적절히 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parent's conflict, paternal/ maternal grandmother's psychological support and school-aged children's well-being. The subjects were 227 6th grade school-aged children in elementary school who were 128(56.4%) boys and 99(43.6%) girls. Instruments used in this research were CDI(Children's Depression Inventory), CPIC(The children's perception of interparental conflict scale), and psychological support scale. The data were analyzed by simple regression, standard multiple regression and hierarchical multiple regression(using SPSS 12.1). Major findings were as follows: (1) There was no difference in maternal grandmother's psychological support and paternal grandmother's psychological support. (2) Maternal grandmother's psychological support was more important variable affecting school-aged children's well-being than paternal grandmother's psychological support. (3) Paternal/maternal grandmother's psychological support operated as a main effect with school-aged children's well-being increasing as paternal/maternal grandmother's psychological support increased. There were not interaction effects of parent's conflict and paternal/maternal grandmother's psychological support on school-aged children's well-being. That result showed that paternal/maternal grandmother's psychological support did not moderate negative effects of parent's conflict on school-aged children's well-being.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2020

This study examined the longitudinal effect of preschool children's media exposure and maternal depression on first-grade children's school adjustment and the mediating effect of attention problem. Longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) collected by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education (KICCE) was used to examine this hypothetical model. The subjects of the study included 2,150 children (1,091 boys and 1,059 girls) and their mothers across 2013 (5 yrs.) through 2015 (7 yrs.). The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was estimated using SPSS 25.0 and Amos 25. The results of this study were as follows. First, higher level of preschool children's media exposure and maternal depression were related to higher attention problems after a year and lower level of children's school adjustment during first-grade. Second, preschool children's media exposure and maternal depression had an indirect effect on first-grade children's school adjustment via attention problem. The results of this study will provide supporting evidence to many educators and parents for the implementation of effective practices for first-grade children to enhance their school adjustment. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of maternal psychological wellbeing and the risk of indiscriminate media exposure during early childhood on first-grade's school adjustment.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors which are related to the maternal role performance of first-time mother to improve the health of infant. Specifically a basic hypothetical model was developed based on the previous study about a model of social networks. Method : The survey was done from January to February in 2001. Total 257 mothers who have four to twelve month old first-time baby was interviewed in five community health center around country(Seoul, Choung-ju, Asan, Cheon-an, Jeju). Finally 247 data was analyzed. Data analysis was done with LISREL 8.20 program for covariance structural analysis. Results : Compared to the hypothetical model, the revised model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the data ($X^2=167.55$ (p값=.00), $x^2/df=1.48$, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.95, RMR=0.049, NFI=0.98, NNFI=0.99, CN=222.53). All predictive variables of the maternal role of first-time mother explained 30% of total variance in model. Social network structural characteristics and social network interactional characteristics had significant effect on the emotional support and the information support. And social network interactional characteristics had significant effect on the service support, material support and social companionship support. The service support and social companion ship support had significant effect on the maternal role strain. The emotional support and the social companion ship support had significant effect on the maternal role of first-time mother. Conclusion : As the conclusion of this study, there is in need of the developing the programmes focussed on the social network for the first-time mother.