• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2010

Precise coating weight control is very important issue on quality and minimizing operating costs on continuous galvanizing line. These days, many steel making companies are having a new understanding of cost importance by rise raw material prices and customer's requirement for cost reduction. Dongbu steel also meets these situations and decided to develop the technologies. Dongbu Steel developed Integrated coating weight control system jointly with Objective Control Ltd. and installed 2CGL and 4CGL. Several technological functions were developed and realized to achieve true hands-off operation and maximum cost benefit by combining model-based preset and dynamic prediction models. We also installed it on 1 CGL on April, 2008. This paper will present the interface, functions and application result of the integrated coating weight control system including Zn saving and coating weight uniformity.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2003

국내 부동산 건설기업 중 2001년 말 현재 등록된 업체 중 약 93$\%$가 5억원 이하(적자 기업 포함)의 당기순이 익을 나타내고 있는 실정이다. 과거 10여년간의 매출원가 율과 매출원가 구성비율을 분석한 결과 매출원가 구성비에 큰 변화가 있었음을 발견하였다. 재료비, 노무비는 점차 감소하였고 외주가공비는 크게 증가하였다. 원가통제의 기본이 되는 활동점을 찾기 위해 공종별 신활동기준 원가관리를 모색하였다 부동산 건설업의 특징이 수주금액(판매금액)이 확정되어 있고 원가사용에 따라 이익 규모가 달라진다. 확정된 수주금액에서 최대의 이익을 창출하고, 새로운 원가관리 방법을 찾아 지속적인 경영혁신을 이루어야 할 시점이다. 공종별 신활동기준 원가관리는 부동산 건설업의 생존경영을 위한 관리혁신으로 생각된다. 실행예산과 경영원가 통제는 같은 대상을 놓고 서로 다른 관점에서 일정과 비용을 통제한다. 실행예산은 구체적인 활동 중심으로 집행되고, 경영원가는 지출내역인 재료비, 노무비, 외주비, 경비의 형태로 통제된다. 공종별 신활동기준 원가관리 방법을 이용하여 실행하기 위해서는 우선 활동의 동인이 무엇인가? 그 활동이 얼마만큼의 부가가치 창출을 하는지 사전에 분석되어 실행해야 한다. 부동산 건설업의 공종별 신활동기준 원가관리 기법은 부동산 건설업의 생존경영에 꼭 필요한 원가 관리 방법으로 지속적인 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권4호
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• pp.398-407
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 요즘과 같은 시장개방화시대를 맞이하여 밤 판매가격의 변동으로 인한 밤 가격대별 밤나무 재배 경영 분석을 실시하여 밤나무 재배자들이나 밤나무경영에 관심이 있는 사람들에게 밤나무 재배에 대한 경영실태자료를 제공하고자 하는 것이다. 경남 진주 산청, 전남 구례, 충남 공주 부여 청양 등 6개 지역의 133가구를 사례로 조사 분석하였다. 밤 판매 가격별 그리고 수령별로 조수익, 소득 그리고 순수익의 정보를 제공하기 위해 3가지 시나리오를 가지고 분석하였다. 밤 판매가격이 kg당 1,000원일 경우 밤나무가 9년생일 때부터 소득이 발생되고 순수익은 10년생부터 발생되었다가 28년생부터 적자로 전환되었다. 밤 판매가격이 kg당 1,500원일 경우 밤나무가 7년생일 때 소득이 발생하였고 순수익은 밤나무 9년생부터 발생되는 것으로 나타났다. 밤 판매가격이 kg당 2,000원일 경우는 밤나무 6년생부터 소득이 발생되고 순수익은 7년생 때부터 발생되었다. 밤나무 재배 시 수령별 외부노동비와 자재비를 제시하여 경영비를 산출 하였다. 즉 외부노동비를 구하기 위한 외부인력에 의존하는 작업공정을 보면 밤 수확 시 최고 성수기인 10년부터 18년생까지 ha당 3,000 kg을 수확할 때 남자 2명, 여자 20명이 소요되었다. 자재비로는 비료값, 농약값, 묘목값 등으로 나누어 구하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

The recent environmental protection issue has diminished the supply of sand for soft ground improvements so much that the prices of sand have shown a sudden rise. Plastic material is one of substitutes for sand material, but plastic is nonperishable and doubtable if it has potential environmental hormone disrupting substances. Moderate-priced natural fiber drain board made with coconut coir and jute filter are in the spotlight recently as an alternative material for sand and plastic drain board etc. Natural fiber drain has not only competitive price but also a characteristic of assimilation into the soils after finishing of its own function. Discharge capacity of the fiber drain board evaluated by triaxial type discharge capacity test was relatively lower than that of plastic drain board. Nevertheless, settlement and pore pressure dissipation behaviors of the fiber drain board and the plastic drain board which were installed in the clayey soil during the composite discharge capacity test were almost similar. It was also found that biodegradation of the fiber drain board was in progress until 18 month after installation in the clayey soil, but they had still enough engineering properties to use at field.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2021

To solve environmental problems, research and efforts are required to reduce leather waste that is generated in large quantities during the leather manufacturing process. Leatherboard is a plate-like material that is made by crushing leather waste, such as trimming or shaving scraps and mixing fibers, pulp, rubber, and adhesives. The aim of this study is to provide basic data on the localization of leatherboard manufacturing technology for outsoles, which are increasingly in demand due to their excellent performance and price competitiveness. Interviews with experts and related organizations were conducted to investigate the related global technology trends. Also, the performance of three products that can be used as reference materials were evaluated and compared. As part of the research and efforts to reduce the amount of leather waste generated, high-performance materials using leather waste were developed and commercialized by major western companies. In Korea, various efforts have been made since 2000, and some companies have produced leatherboard for interior uses. However, the amount of waste recycled relative to that generated is not large due to the limited demand. Natural leather soles perform better than leatherboard soles in all evaluation aspects. In the case of leatherboard, performance varied by manufacturer. German products showed flexibility resistance and dimensional stability, thereby meeting performance requirements. However, abrasion resistance and cleavage resistance were slightly below the required performance standards, and research and development is needed to improve performance in those areas. Currently, it is impossible to evaluate the performance of domestic products due to underdevelopment. However, if the development of process technology continues based on the performance evaluation results of the best leatherboard in the shoe industry, materials for outsoles will be able to be produced domestically with prices competitiveness while realizing natural leather materials performance to some extent.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1981

To identify the changes in professional care patterns after the introduction of medical insurance in Korea, professional care in hospitals and clinics of two succeeding years were compared. The hospitals and clinics selected for this study were those which located in Seoul city. Hospitals were classified into 3 categories: university hospital, general hospital and hospital. The diseases selected for this study were acute appendicitis and normal delivery. They were selected because their disease courses are considered to be fairly stable. The variables used for this study were length of stay, total hospital costs, costs of each components of cares. The information used for this study was obtained from the official forms requested by the medical facilities to the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation. The two periods studied were 3 months of each year from March 1st to May 31st in 1979 and 1980, The total number of normal delivery studied was 289 in 1979, 301 in 1980 respectively and the acute appendicitis was 92 and 111 respectively. In order to compare the quantity of medical care between 2 study periods the insurance price scores of 1979 were converted to prices of 1980. For statistical test of difference between 2 periods T-test and Welch's test were used. The result of the study were briefly summarized in below. 1. No significant difference was observed in the average length of stay of both disease between two study periods in all types of hospitals. 2. No significant difference was observed in the average total hospital costs of both diseases in all types of hospital, but in the private clinic the average clinic costs was rather decreased significantly in 1980. 3. More cost decrease were seen than cost increase in 1980 in all types of facilities, More cost changes by items were seen in acute appendicitis than in normal delivery between two study periods. The total hospital costs can be devided into 2 portions: charges for drug and material and for physician. In normal delivery, costs for physician's charges was significantly decreased in almost all the hospitals and costs for drug and material were not changed significantly in all the hospitals in 1980. In the university hospitals, however, the costs for drug and material were increased significantly in 1980. The cost decrease for physician's charge were mainly due to the decrease in the costs of laboratory test, treatment and physical therapy. The increase in the costs for the drug and material in the university hospitals was mainly due to the increase in the cost for drugs for oral administration and injection. 4. The proportion of components of medical care in the hospital has not been changed significantly, however, the cost for injection in normal delivery was characteristically increased in 1980 in all hospitals studied. In general the proportion of the costs for drug and material was tended to increase and the costs for physician was tended to decrease in 1980. The increase in the costs for drug and material were considered to be due to increase in the cost for drugs for oral administration and injection. The decrease in the costs for physician were due to decrease in the costs of laboratory test, treatment and physical therapy. Above mentioned changes in hospital and clinic care patterns are considered to be mostly influenced by the review criteria set by the K.I.C. for the assessment of the fee request made by clinics and hospitals.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2002

It's not easy to renew old brand of over 50 years history to the tastes of new consumer of our time. Most of national brands that has a history of some 20 years in Korea have strove for continuation and growth of brand to no avails, which can be taken as a good example of current situation. For instance, C company, one of the National brand of US which has a history of 51 years, has made its position secure as a fashion group and based itself on a sound foundation by establishing new marketing strategy and completing successful brand renewal in the process of strategic M&A with Italian company. Those successful marketing strategies are as follows. 1) they regarded both market and consumer oriented marketing activity as company's highest priority strategy and put great emphasis upon concentration on target market and reestablishment of brand image of business casual wear. 2) Setting up and operating planning team composed of merchandizer alone in Milano, they set the direction of plan on the basis of concentrated research on potential item in market according to thorough market research done by buying office in Korea, branch office in Hong Kong and buyer in US prior to blueprint planning for season. 3) Great emphasis was placed on business which focused on intensive presentation of basic key item for apparel career women who are main consumer group in the midium-low prices market in US and on supplementation of size and color. they named this line 'collectibles' and helped their customer develop their own clothes plan without worrying about the change of color and fabric by supporting same fabric and color throughout the year and enabled them to add variation easily by supplementing new trend item. 4) Company set black as a main color that lots of apparel career women find easy to care and to express their own image and presented them with pebble which belongs to navy and beige and added fashion color such as wine and brown etc as season goes by. They constructed basic line in order for their customers to coordinate purchased item with new one or to add them to present collection, and to achieve efficient sale by setting up strategy which allows this cross coordination and changing pattern occasionally. 5) Though basic jacket for 99$, short slim skirt for 49$ are products within midium-low prices range, in the material planning stage aiming at production of item that has both resonable function appealing to consumer and is fashionable, synthetic material had to be used as a main source due to price competitiveness. Despite this situation, considering comfortable sense of fit and refined drape of silhouette that has no sign of cheap material, whole collectible line was divided into two items, which contributed to reduction of cost. In case of material that is composed of triacetate and polyester in 70 to 30 ratio, was used up to 4 million yard, which allowed drastic curtailment of cost accompanied by concentration. In case of 'collectibles' line, using Korean material mainly, C company chose to have their product sewed in Southeast Asian countries where transportation is well developed and both productivity and quality verified by operating global production system which aiming at cutdown of cost through outsourcing production from the country where labor cost is low and getting finished product. Polarization between present consumers telling us that consumers with the mind of middle classes in the past no longer exists between consumers who seek after only fine article of highest quality and wise consumers who are sensible enough to judge bubble on correlation between price and quality. To cope with this change in new consumer mind, apparel makes changing their policy so as to produce item that has reasonable quality and falls within affordable price range anywhere in the world. and they're striving to get out of difficult situation by operating global marketing strategy which stresses separation of planning, production and sale and sensibility of fashion shared worldwide. The marketing strategy of C company can be exemplified as a successful one.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.104-123
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• 2019

유럽의 여러 나라에 소장되어 있는 한국도자는 한국미술을 대표하는 장르로서 근대 유럽에서 일찍이 수집과 연구의 대상이 되었다. 유럽 현지에서 자료 조사를 한 결과, 근대 시기에 영국에 소장된 한국도자의 구입 과정이나 경제적 가치 등을 확인할 수 있는 자료가 비교적 많이 남아 있었다. 특히 근대 시기에 영국박물관과 V&A박물관이 한국도자를 소장하는 과정에서 작성된 서류에서는 그간 잘 알려지지 않았던 구입 과정, 가격, 기준, 인식이나 평가 등에 대한 내용을 확인할 수 있었다. 근대 영국에서 한국도자에 대한 인식, 소장 의도는 세 단계의 시기별 변화를 거치면서 컬렉션이 형성되었다. 1870년대 후반부터 1880년대 후반까지는 한국도자의 실체를 확인하지 못한 환상 속에 있던 시기였다. 1880년대 후반부터 1910년대까지 영국에 유입된 한국도자는 당시의 생활상을 보여주는 민족지학적 자료로서의 성격이 강하였다. 1910년 이후부터 1940년대까지는 고려청자 중심의 한국도자 컬렉션이 형성된 시기로 파악되었다. 근대 영국에서 한국도자를 구입하는 기준과 과정은 20세기 초 한국을 방문하여 도자를 구입한 세 명의 영국인 사례를 통하여 살펴보았다. 1910년 이후 영국인들은 시베리아 횡단열차나 배를 이용하여 극동아시아를 여행하면서 한국에서 도자를 구입하기 시작하였다. 한국 여행에서 전직 관료, 도굴꾼 등에게 좋고 오래된 고려자기를 비싸지 않은 가격에 구입하거나 출토되는 지역에 직접 가서 구매하는 상황을 확인하였다. 또한 기존에 알려지지 않은 카바노프 상회의 존재를 파악하여 도자를 포함한 다양한 한국 물건들이 서구인들에게 판매·운송되는 과정을 구체적으로 살펴보았다.마지막으로 근대 영국에서 한국도자의 경제적 가치가 어느 정도로 인정되었고, 그 가치를 판단하는 기준은 무엇이었는지를 살펴보았다. 당시 영국에서 한국도자는 조형적 우수성에 비해 합리적인 가격, 즉 우수한 품질에 비해 가격이 낮다고 평가되었다. 특히 일본인들이 선호했던 고려청자뿐만 아니라 조선시대 자기의 조형이 새롭고 우수하다는 평가자료는 기존에 알려지지 않았던 내용이다. 근대 영국에서 고려와 조선시대 도자를 아울러서 한국도자의 조형성과 제작 기술을 평가했던 관점은 다양한 종류의 한국도자 컬렉션이 형성되는 데 주요한 배경이 되었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.143-157
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• 2014

The aims of this study were to identify the dimensions of both store and PB apparel product attributes at large discount stores, and to empirically examine the effects of each dimension of store and PB apparel product attributes on satisfaction with PB apparel products and on repurchase intension. Questionnaires were given to 264 large discount store customers, who have experienced buying PB apparel products at large discount stores. The results were as follows. First, purchased PB items and image, improvement of PB apparel products showed differences by gender. Second, the dimensions for store attributes were categorized as convenient of shopping environment, product quality, customer service, advertising reach, convenient location, and reasonable prices. The PB apparel product attributes were categorized as material handling management, quality, fashion ability, and brand power. Third, generally, both store and PB apparel product attributes at large discount stores are significantly related to PB apparel satisfaction and repurchase intention. PB satisfaction and repurchase intention of males were partly affected by store attributes and PB apparel product attributes. PB satisfaction and repurchasing intention of females, however, were partly affected by only PB apparel product attributes, not store attributes.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2011

In view of the importance of material reduction because of the jump in oil and steel prices, structural design studies for lifting lugs were performed. Hundreds of thousands of such lifting lug structures are needed every year for ship construction. A direct design study was reviewed using the developed design system to increase the design efficiency and provide a way of directly inserting a designer's decisions into the design system process. In order to understand the design efficiency and convenience of a lug structure, parametric studies for prototype lug shapes were performed using the developed design system. From these design studies, various patterns of design parameters for the lug structure according to changes in the main plate length were examined. Based on these parametric study results, design guides were developed for more efficiently suggesting structural data for enormous lug structures. Additionally, a more detailed structural analysis through local strength evaluations will be performed to verify the efficiency of the optimum structural design for a lug structure.