• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.7-24
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• 2008

Masan-Jinhae Bay, in Korea, is known for its frequent algal bloom outbreaks. This study was conducted in order to examine the environmental characteristics of the area, with the aim of identifying indicators that could be used to speculate about future algal blooms. The water temperatures and salinities in Haengam Bay, one of the small inner bays within Jinhae, appeared to re relatively higher than those in Masan and Jinhae bays, across most seasons. Furthermore, stratification begins to develop in all three regions from spring to summer as a result of the local heating effects and an increase in the efficient from the surrounding land. As a result, anoxic conditions appear near the bottom layer of the bay, leading to the deterioration of water quality, which has been identified as one of the causes of bloom outbreaks. Compared to Haengam and Jinhae bays, concentrations of DIN and DIP were remarkably higher in Masan Bay. However, the mean ratio of DIN to DIP was 3.3$\sim$13.6 in all three regions throughout the year, suggesting that nitrogen can function as a growth-limiting factor for phytoplankton. The results of mathematical models showed that cumulative organic pollutants may be a trigger for direct algal bloom occurrences, since residual tidal currents appeared to be less than $3\;cm\;\cdot\;s^{-1}$. Furthermore, computed DO concentrations in the four small inner bays of Jinhae during the summer appeared to be $3\;cm\;\cdot\;l^{-1}$ indicating a hypoxic state. Likewise, computed Chl-a concentrations turned out to be more than $0.01\;mg\;\cdot\;l^{-1}$, indicating eutrophication across most seasons. Based on the overall results, Masan-Jinhae Bay appeared to possess a very high potential for algal bloom outbreaks at anytime during the year.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.275-278
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• 2009

하대정맥에 생기는 평활근육종은 매우 드문 악성종양이다. 평활근육에서 기원하는 종양은 대정맥의 가장 흔한 원발성 종양이며, 하대정맥이 가장 흔히 발생하는 곳이다. 환자는 65세의 여자 환자로 입원 3주전부터 시작된 호흡곤란과 복부 불쾌감을 호소하여 내원 하였다. 복부 전산화 단층촬영과 하대정맥 조영술에서 우심방에서 우측 신정맥 위까지 확장된 하대정맥 종양이 보였으며, 또한 하대정맥을 폐쇄시키고 있었다. 하대정맥의 평활근육종으로 진단 후 수술은 종양을 제거하고, 하대정맥을 인조혈관 패치를 이용하여 재건하였다. 수술 후 6개월 간의 추적 관찰 중에 실시한 복부 전산화 단층촬영에서 재발과 하대정맥의 폐쇄소견은 없었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2016

마산만에서 수치모델을 이용하여 해파리의 시 공간적 분포를 파악하였다. 먼저 3차원 해수유동모델(POM)을 이용하여 조석, 바람, 수온 염분의 효과를 고려한 잔차류를 계산하였다. 마산만의 마산항, 중공업단지, 가포신항에서 발생한 해파리의 거동을 파악하기 위하여 잔차류에 의한 입자추적자 모델을 이용하였다. 해파리의 분포는 마창대교 북쪽해역에서 최대인 2,533 개체수가 나타났다. 이와 같은 현상은 잔차류의 다방향으로 혼재하는 흐름과 지형적인 영향으로 판단된다. 해파리의 이동에 영향을 미치는 잔차류가 우세한 해역에서 외력조건에 따른 해파리의 집적도를 알아보기 위해서 조석잔차류, 취송류, 밀도류의 유형별 수치실험을 하였다. 특히 마산만의 마창대교와 마산만 입구인 모도해역에서는 취송류(바람에 의한 효과)가 해파리의 집적에 탁월한 것을 확인하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1987

The gravity measurement has been conducted at 69 points with an interval of about 1km along the national road between Masan and Busan through Kimhae to study on the subsurface geology and structure of Kyongsang basin. The Bouguer gravity anomalies were obtained from the observed gravity values, and interpreted by means of the Fourier-series method and Talwani method for 2-dimensional body. The depth of Conrad discontinuity is about 14.8km at the west end of survey line, and increases smoothly to about 13.6km at the east end. But it is uplifted by about 500m between Yangsan and Dongnae faults. The depth of the basement of Kyongsang basin is about 4.8km at the west end. It decreases gradually passing Masan, and reaches the maximum depth of 5.6km at the 15km east of Masan. Hereafter, it starts to increase to 4.3km at the east end. It is also uplifted by about 500m between Yangsan and Dongnae faults. The Bulgugsa granites which cause two low Bouguer gravity anomaly zones are distributed in the vicinity of Masan at depth of about 3.5km and Kimhae area at depth of about 5.3km. Diorite, granodiorite, aplite, and felsite are distributed with various depth of about 1~1.7km, and Jusasan andesitic rocks, except porphyritic one located at the west of Kimhae, are distributed with depth of about 1km. Three fracture zones associated with faults are located at the places where v-shaped Bouguer gravity anomalies are appeared.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2007

In this work, we compared the characteristics of three benthic biotic indices (BPI, AMBI, BIBI) which indicates the health condition of benthic communities in Masan Bay, Korea where anthropogenic impacts have been concentrated. Also we evaluated the usefulness of these benthic indices and some problems if they were applied to the Korean coastal waters. For this we used the macrozoobenthos data collected using van Veen grab ($0.1\;m^2$) at 21 sites in Masan Bay in February and August 2004. Based on the BPI values, two stations in the inner bay were found in a very hard polluted condition and three stations in the middle bay were also in a highly polluted condition. Only one station located in the bay mouth was in a normal condition. The inner bay stations showed very high AMBI values (${\geq}5.0$), indicating a highly polluted condition. The bay mouth station was assessed in a moderately polluted condition. The overall BIBI values in Masan Bay were in the range between 1.0 and 3.0. The inner bay stations showed low BIBI values (${\leq}2.0$) in the severely degraded condition. The bay mouth station with high BIBI value over 3.0 was assessed as a normal condition. All three benthos indices showed that macrozoobenthic communities in the inner bay were in a seriously polluted condition all year round, and macrobenthic faunas in the bay mouth seemed in a bad healthy condition (slightly polluted) based on AMBI during summer season. These three benthic biotic indices showed the similar assessment result, and thus we consider that each of them is a useful tool for the assessment of coastal benthic ecosystems under the organic enrichment in sediment.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.349-366
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• 2007

Seasonal variations of various physicochemical components (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, COD, DOC, nutrients-silicate, DIN, DIP) and potential limiting factor for phytoplankton primary production were studied in the surface water of semi-enclosed Masan Bay. Seasonal variations of nutrient concentrations, with lower values in summer and winter, and higher in fall, are probably controlled by freshwater loadings to the bay, benthic flux and magnitude of occurrence of phytoplankton communities. Their spatial distributional patterns are primarily dependent on physical mixing process between freshwater and coastal seawater, which result in a decreasing spatial gradient from inner to outer part of the bay. In the fall season of strong wave action, the major part of nutrient inputs (silicate, ammonium, dissolved inorganic phosphorus) comes from regeneration (benthic flux) at sediment-water interface. During the summer period, high Si:DIN and Si:DIP and low DIN:DIP relative to Redfield ratios suggest a N- and secondarily P-deficiency. During other seasons, however, silicate is the potential limiting factor for primary production, although the Si-deficiency is less pronounced in the outer region of the bay. Indeed, phytoplankton communities in Masan Bay are largely affected by the seasonal variability of limiting nutrients. On the other hand, the severe depletion of DIN (relatively higher silicate level) during summer with high freshwater discharge probably can be explained by N-uptake of temporary nanoflagellate blooms, which responds rapidly to pulsed nutrient loading events. In Masan Bay, this rapid nutrient consumption is considerably important as it can modify the phytoplankton community structures.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.60-69
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 국내 최초로 수중확산관을 통해 하ㆍ폐수 1차 처리수를 해양방류하고 있는 마산ㆍ창원 하수종말처리장의 해양방류수에 대한 초기ㆍ근역 희석률을 현장관측과 CORMIX 모형계산을 통해 비교 검토하였다. 수심 15m 내외의 방류수역에서 수온약층이 수심 4m～6m에서 형성된 1998년 하계에 관측된 염분도로부터 희석률을 구하였으며, 또한 해수밀도의 수직 분포와 해류자료를 입력하여 모형으로부터 하 폐수 플륨의 이동확산 양상과 초기희석률을 계산하였다. 방류지점의 관측된 염분도 분포로부터 구한 희석률은 32～48이며, 모형에 의해 계산된 초기ㆍ근역 희석률은 29～43으로 두 결과 모두 매우 낮은 하계 소조시의 희석률을 보이고 있다. 이는 조류가 약한 소조기의 정체 시에는 방류수에 포함된 오염물질로 인해 해양방류수역의 수질오염이 더욱 가중될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.132-140
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• 1998

진해·마산만은 오염부하량의 측정자료가 미흡하기 때문에 오염부하량에 대한 정량적인 분석·평가연구가 수행될 수 없었을 뿐만 아니라, 연안의 수질변화를 예측하는 수질모형의 다각적인 보정·검증작업이 제한적으로 이루어 질 수 밖에 없었다. 본 연구에서는 진해·마산만 22개 하천과 해양방류관을 통한 오염부하량을 측정하고, 해역내 3개 지점에서 오염물질 용출률을 측정하였다. 마산·창원 유역의 오염부하량은 진해·마산만 전체 오염부하량의 80∼90% 정도를 차지하고 있으며, 해양방류관에 의한 오염부하량은 20∼25%를 차지한다. 또한, 퇴적물로부터의 오염부하량이 유역 오염부하량과 대등하기 때문에, 퇴적물로부터 용출되는 오염물질량은 하계 수질악화 및 동계 수질양호의 계절적인 변화를 결정하는 주요한 인자 중의 하나로 파악되었다.

• 대한치위생과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2021

Background: To confirm verbal violence experience in dental hygiene students and to verify its influence on their self-esteem and career identity. Methods: Data were collected using a structured self-reported questionnaire targeting 180 dental hygiene students at M University. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS WIN 25.0. Results: Older students reported that they experienced verbal violence more frequently during clinical training, especially those who were dissatisfied with clinical training. The students experienced verbal violence more frequently from dental hygienists than from dentists and patients. Dental hygiene students had high self-esteem and career identity. The students who were majorly satisfied with clinical training had higher self-esteem and career identity than those who were dissatisfied. Dental hygiene students had lower self-esteem and career identity when they experience verbal violence more frequently from dentists and dental hygienists during clinical training and clinical practice. Conclusion: An intervention program needs to be developed to prevent verbal violence against dental hygiene students and a strategy to increase their self-esteem and career identity is required.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2022

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is resistant to the β-lactam antibiotics due to a non-classical transpeptidase in the cell wall with β-lactamase activity. A recent study showed that meropenem combined with clavulanate, a β-lactamase inhibitor, was effective in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB). However, in Korea, clavulanate can only be used as drugs containing amoxicillin. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility and genetic mutations of drug-resistant Mtb isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanate and meropenem-clavulanate to improve the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB patients. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin-clavulanate and meropenem-clavulanate was examined by resazurin microtiter assay. We used 82 MDR and 40 XDR strains isolated in Korea and two reference laboratory strains. Mutations of drug targets blaC, blaI, ldtA, ldtB, dacB2, and crfA were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Results: The MIC₉₀ values of amoxicillin/clavulanate and meropenem/clavulanate in drug-resistant Mtb isolates were 64/2.5 and 16/2.5 mg/L, respectively. Gene mutations related to amoxicillin/clavulanate and meropenem/clavulanate resistance could not be identified, but T448G mutation was found in the blaC gene related to β-lactam antibiotics' high susceptibility. Conclusion: Our results provide clinical consideration of β-lactams in treating drug-resistant TB and potential molecular markers of amoxicillin-clavulanate and meropenem-clavulanate susceptibility.