• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study focused on the contents of flavonoid compounds in vegetables. Generally vegetables have contributed to a healthy diet, arisen from contains a large amount of fiber and functional ingredients. And flavonoid compounds are one of major functional components in the vegetables. currently research of flavonoid contents does not enough, specially in the part of homegrown vegetable. METHODS AND RESULTS: Vegetable samples were purchased in domestic market. Sample extraction by methanol, distilled water, and formic acid based solvent. Also same solvent used for mobile phase in UPLC. Eleven types of flavonoid compounds were analyzed with same kind of external standard and one kind of internal standard (galangin) for quantification. Standard calibration curve presented linearity with the correlation coefficient $R^2$ > 0.98, analysed from 1 to 50 ppm concentration. The quantitative value and multivariate analysis results were derived from the Excel and SIMCA-P11. Overall, onion has largest amount(916.5 mg/100 g) of flavonoid and also other vegetables have has significant amount[Mugwort: 138.8, Galic stem:123.6 mg/100 g etc.] of flavonoid compounds. Edible portion of vegetables per share for simulating by SIMCA-P11, root vegetables has had difference with other vegetables according to distributions and amounts of flavonoid compounds. CONCLUSION: Optionally, the results from this experiment can use to select the material for flavonoid researches. And based on these results, if this experiment will be continuously complemented, and performed, could used in various fields.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.20
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• pp.129-150
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• 2003

Software license agreements, to be useful in the mass market, could not be individually negotiated, and had to be standardized and concise. The software license agreement needs to be presented to the licensee-users in a fashion that would allow for mass distribution of software, also for it to enforceable, that would draw the users' attention to the terms and conditions under which the publisher allowed the use of the software. These needs have been accomplished, with or without fail, through so called the "shrink-wrap licenses" Shrink-wrap licenses purpose to transfer computer softwares to their users by defining the terms and conditions of use of the software without implicating the "first sale doctrine" of the Copyright Act. These shrink-wrap licenses have become essential to the software industry. However, in USA, the law applicable to these licenses has been unclear and unsettled. Courts have struggled to develop a coherent framework governing their enforceability. Meanwhile, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws ("NCCUSL") in USA promulgated the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act ("UCITA") governing contracts for computer information transaction on July 29, 1999. One clear objective of UCITA was to settle the law governing the enforceability of shrink-wrap licenses. In these respects, this paper first introduces the various forms that shrink-wrap licenses take(at Part II. Section 1.), and explains the main advantages of them(at Part II. Section 2.) Here it shows how shrink-wrap licenses value themselves for both software publishers and users, including that shrink-wrap licenses are a valuable contracting tool because they provide vital information and rights to software users and because they permit the contracting flexibility that is essential for today's software products. Next, this paper describes the current legal framework applicable to shrink-wrap licenses in USA(at Part III). Here it shows that in USA the development of case law governing shrink-wrap licenses occurred in two distinct stages. At first stage, judicial hostility toward shrink-wrap licenses marked such that they were not enforced pursuant to Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code. At second stage, courts began to recognize the pervasiveness of shrink-wrap licenses, their indispensability to the rapidly expanding information technology industry, and the urgent need to enforce such licenses in order to maintain low prices for consumers of computer hardware or software, resulting in the recognition of shrink-wrap licenses. Finally, in view of the importance of UCITA, this paper examines how it will affect the enforceability of shrink-wrap licenses(at Part IV). The drafters of UCITA, as well as the scholars and practitioners who have criticized it, agree that it validates shrink-wrap licenses, provided certain procedural protections are afforded to purchasers. These procedural protections include the licensee end-user must (i) manifest his assent to the shrink-wrap license, (ii) have an opportunity to review the shrink-wrap license, (iii) have a right to return the product without costs.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.430-457
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present meaningful information and policy implications concerning the determinants of royalties of technology transfer to stakeholder. To identify key determinants of royalties in technology transfer, this study conducted AHP survey analysis (Survey period: 01/09~31/10, 2016) of 96 government-funded research centers and 85 companies which were participants of the R&D project "Next Generation BioGreen21" of R.D.A in the "N" center from 2011 to 2015. Research results show that both parties acknowledge 'Technical considerations for determining the profitability of the technologies' and 'The interest and willingness of the management group' as critical factors for the determinants of royalties. The difference of each party is that private companies acknowledge 'Available budget plan' as a critical factor while the government-funded research centers value 'Market competitiveness'. These findings suggest four main policy implications which are the investigation of technological demands reflecting specific needs of industrial sites, the diversification of royalty payments for private companies, the differentiated research evaluation system for the purpose of technology transfer and the planning of public R&D project reflecting research time span of private companies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.195-206
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• 2009

The deregulation of aviation markets in Europe and the United Sates had led airlines to reconfigure their networks into hub-and-spoke systems. Recent trends of "Open Skies" in the Asian aviation market are also expected to prompt the reformation of airlines' networks in the region. A significant connectivity index is a crucial tool for airlines and airport authorities to estimate the degree of hub-and-spoke operations. Therefore, this paper suggests a new index, Continuous Indirect Connectivity Index (CICI), for measuring the coordination of airlines' flight schedules, applying it to the Asian, European and the American aviation markets. CICI consists of three components：(i) temporal connectivity to identify the attractiveness between connection flights, (ii) spatial connectivity to differentiate the attractiveness by de-routing distance with continuous linear function, and (iii) relative intensity to reflect the effect of direct flight frequency on transfer routes. CICI is evaluated to examine a casual relationship through regression analyses with two dependent variables of the number of transfer passengers and transfer rates. Compared with Danesi's index and Doganis' index through evaluation processes, CICI has a higher coefficient value of determination, implying that it explains the relationship between connectivity and transfer passengers more precisely.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2010

The purpose of functional genome research is to identify biological function of useful gene and to give an agricultural value in plant biotechnology. Brassica rapa is an economic crop which recorded 1,000 billion won of domestic market and 100 million dollar of exports and it produces 2.5 million ton in 50,000 ha as a major ingredient of representative Korean food, Kimchi. Furthermore, it is very important crop economically and commercially because Korea is major seed exporter. The fact that Multinational Brassica Genome Project (MBGP) was launched and Arabidopsis thaliana, affiliated to same genus with B. rapa, has been fully sequenced activated functional genome research of B. rapa. Besides new technologies related to gene function analysis keep developing, many results are reporting every year by international research including Korea. This review paper introduces development of Chinese cabbage mutants which is a first step in functional genome research, variant phenotypes of mutants, flanking DNA analysis in B. rapa genome, gene identification, gene analysis using microarray, and representative researches.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.390-397
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• 2010

Residual solvents in foods are defined as organic volatile chemicals used or produced in manufacturing of extracts or additives, or functional foods. The solvents are not completely eliminated by practical manufacturing techniques and they also may become contaminated by solvents from packing, transportation or storage in warehouses. Because residual solvents have no nutritional value but may be hazardous to human health, there is a need to remove them from the final products or reduce their amounts to below acceptable levels. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an analytical method for the screening of residual solvents in health functional foods. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to constitute a reasonable management system based on the current state of the market and case studies of foreign countries. Eleven volatile solvents such as MeOH, EtOH, trichloroethylene and hexane were separated depending on their column properties, temp. and time using Gas Chromatography (GC). After determining the GC conditions, a sample preparation method using HSS (Head Space Sampling) was developed. From the results, a method for analyzing residual solvents in health functional foods was developed considering matrix effect and interference from the sample obtained from the solution of solvents-free health functional foods spiked with 11 standards solutions. Validation test using the developed GC/HSS/MS (Mass Spectrometry) method was followed by tests for precision, accuracy, recovery, linearity and adequate sensitivity. Finally, examination of 104 samples grouped in suits was performed by the developed HSS/GC/MS for screening the solvents. The 11 solvents were isolated from health functional foods based on vapor pressure difference, and followed by separation within 15 minutes in a single run. The limt of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and coefficient of variation (C.V.) of these compounds determined by the HSS/GC/MS were found to be 0.1 pg/mL, 0.1-125 pg/g, 51.0-104.6%, and less than 15%, respectively. Using the developed HSS/GC/MS method, residual solvent from 16 out of 104 health functional products were detected as a EtOH. This method therefore seems t o be a valuable extension ofanalytical method for the identification of residual solvents in health functional food.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.221-245
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• 2014

In the era of fierce global competition and short product life cycle, firms have been interested in the technology valuation to improve their competitiveness. As the technology valuation may become a key issue for countries and industries, the development of technology valuation method has become increasingly important. Thus, this study aims to suggest a novel method to assess technology value by applying conjoint analysis to bibilographic information of patent. For this purpose, we firstly identified nine patent indexes categorized in three attributes - technological superiority, marketability and legal rights. Then, we collected actual data on patent transactions including their patent attributes and market prices. Based on the data, we could obtain the patent index values. Finally, we applied conjoint analysis to the prices and patent index values as a basis for technology valuation. The suggested method is expected to be an effective tool for technology valuation by using real transaction data rather than relying heavily on experts assessment.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.259-269
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• 2014

After global financial crisis, the ratio of household debt to GDP was decreasing in other advanced countries such as the U.S., and the U.K. and so on. But, in Korea, household debt (of which residential mortgage loan account for a large part) ratio is still increasing. This paper focuses on the scale and characteristics of households in negative housing equity (those are called House-poors in Korea), and also the socio-economic backgrounds of the formation process. In financial perspective, the problem of negative housing equity depends on financial debt repayment capability. We used DSR (Debt Service Ratio) and LTA (Loan to Asset ratio) as financial indicators to evaluate the debt repayment capability. The critical value of DSR is assumed as 40%, and LTA 100%. The socio-economic backgrounds of the House-poors are as follows : increasing households debt dependency, over lending competition of financial institutions and unreasonable loan in household economy, instability of real estate market, week regulation on mortgage loan. Finally, this paper suggests some implications about the range and the target of public intervention.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 2019

The National Land Census Project aims to survey the national land regularly to resolve the land category disagreement and reflect the actual land use. The objective of this study is to investigate whether not only the National Land Census Project but also related land and housing surveys bring about the improvement of social welfare in light of the invested budget, and to measure the project feasibility. The potential benefit after the National Land Census Project is not traded in the market. To determine the economic value of this potential benefit, the Contingent Valuation Method was used. This study utilized the single-bounded and double-bounded dichotomous choice models simultaneously to estimate the project feasibility of the cadastral system improvement. According to this study, cost-benefit ratio of the project was estimated larger than 1, which means that social benefits are larger than social costs.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.287-291
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• 2013

This study was carried out to improve standardization of agricultural products and investigate quality changes during storage at different treatments. The standardization does much to improve merchantable quality, distribution efficiency and fair dealings by shipping of the standard agricultural products. Therefore, modification of these standards is required to fit farmhouse situations. Average pileus diameter and thickness of A grades was 38.9 mm and 4.5 mm at shelf culture and 22.2 mm and 3.9 mm at bottle culture. Average stipe length of A grades was 49.6 mm at shelf culture and 66.7 mm at bottle culture, and stipes thick was the highest in A grades of shelf culture. The diameter of pileus of Pleurotus ostreatus stored for 14 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ showed no significant difference. but the thickness of pileus decreased rapidly after 7 days. L-value and hardness of stipes and pileus were higher at shelf culture than bottle culture.