• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.373-382
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• 2012

Of computing skills in the field of multi-media, particularly augmented reality technology contents may provide realistic learning experiences with 3D pictures through the learners' manipulation activities. However, the marker systems in the existing studies were not well developed as to maintain the students' interest and concentration. In this study, we have designed the first lesson ("Earth and Moon") of 5th graders' science with augmented reality combined system so that we could deal with manipulation activities of the relationship between augmented objects, From the experimental study, using combined augmented reality contents made a significant difference in their learning achievement and motivation. Thus augmented reality combined system can be utilized for a variety of topics to maintain students' learning motivation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2015

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to identify bioactive compounds in Dangnyo-hwan, a Korean herbal medicine, through instrumental analysis using LC-MS/MS and ICP, and investigate its potential use in diabetes treatment. Methods: The extract of Dangnyo-hwan has 12 medicinal herbs; these were compared with 18 marker substances selected from literature survey. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis could detect 9 of the 18 bioactive compounds: citruline, catalpol, berberine, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol, mangiferin, and schizandrin. While harmful heavy metals such as As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Cu were not present in high concentrations, Zn concentration was 4.2 mg in 100 g Dangnyo-hwan. Conclusions: Instrumental analysis such as LC-MS/MS and ICP was successfully used to identify bioactive compounds in Dangnyo-hwan. Detection of 9 bioactive substances and Zn from the herb medicine is a valuable finding, and suggests that Dangnyo-hwan is a candidate medicine for diabetes. Further investigations like in vitro assay, percent GPR 119 activity, and percent human DGAT-1 inhibition are underway.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.379-385
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• 2018

Purpose: Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for bone mineralization and osteoblast function. We examined the effects of Zn deficiency on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods: Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured at concentration of 1 to $15{\mu}M$ $ZnCl_2$ (Zn- or Zn+) for 5, 15 and 25 days up to the calcification period. Extracellular matrix mineralization was detected by staining Ca and P deposits using Alizarin Red and von Kossa stain respectively, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected by ALP staining and colorimetric method. Results: Extracellular matrix mineralization was decreased in Zn deficiency over 5, 15, and 25 days. Similarly, staining of ALP activity as the sign of an osteoblast differentiation, was also decreased by Zn deficiency over the same period. Interestingly, the gene expression of bone-related markers (ALP, PTHR; parathyroid hormone receptor, OPN; osteopontin, OC; osteocalcin and COLI; collagen type I), and bone-specific transcription factor Runx2 were downregulated by Zn deficiency for 5 or 15 days, however, this was restored at 25 days. Conclusion: Our data suggests that Zn deficiency inhibits osteoblast differentiation by retarding bone marker gene expression and also inhibits bone mineralization by decreasing Ca/P deposition as well as ALP activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.919-922
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• 2004

The effect of an extract of Dalbergiae Lignum and four components that were isolated from the extract on the anticarcinogenic phase II marker enzyme, quinone reductase (QR), was investi-gated. Of the solvent extracts of Dalbergiae Lignum, the CH$_2$CI$_2$ fraction was the most potent in inducing QR activity, with a CD value (the concentration required to double the QR activity) of 29.5 $\mu$/mL. The CH$_2$CI$_2$ extract was further separated into six compounds, four of which were identified as 4-methoxydalbergione, latifolin, 4＇,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone, and obtusafu-ran. Obtusafuran ［CD ＝ 1.1 $\mu$M； chemopreventive index (CI) ＝ 101.9］ and latifolin (CD ＝ 1.7 $\mu$M； CI ＝ 154.6) displayed potent QR inducing activity and high chemopreventive indices. Lati-folin and 4-methoxydalbergione were identified as strong DPPH-scavengers with half-maximal free radical scavenging concentrations of 15.9 and 17.2 $\mu$M, respectively.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.299-304
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• 2012

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a major proteolytic system for nonlysosomal degradation of cellular proteins. Here, we investigated the response of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells under proteotoxic stress. Proteasome inhibitors induced expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and also induced apoptosis of ES cells. Importantly, more apoptotic cells were observed in ES cells compared with other somatic cells. To understand this phenomenon, we further investigated the expression of HSP70 and pluripotent cell markers. HSP70 expression was more significantly increased in somatic cells than in ES cells, and expression levels of pluripotent cell markers such as Oct4 and Nanog were decreased in ES cells. These results suggest that higher sensitivity of ES cells to proteotoxic stress may be related with lower capacity of HSP70 expression and decreased pluripotent cell marker expression, which is essential for the survival of ES cells.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2007

Though higher plants car not metabolize D-amino acid, many prokaryotes and eukaryotes have the D-amino acid metabolism. Therefore, we transformed tobacco plants with D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), which can metabolize D-amino acid, and confirmed that transgenic tobacco plants might metabolize D-amino acid. Transgenic tobacco plants were survived a high concentration of D-serine, however non-transgenic plants were not grown on D-serine medium. From Southern and Northern blot analysis, transgenic tobacco plants selected on D-serine medium were confirmed by insert and expression of transgene. $T_{1}$ tobacco seeds derived $T_{0}$ tobacco plants selfing were grown on D-serine medium and showed normal phenotype compared to wild tobacco plants. Transgenic tobacco plants displayed the metabolic capability of D-serine. Therefore, we suggested that DAO is useful selectable marker gene for plant transformation.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

The disease diagnosis system has been developed using the thin nitride(Si3N4) cantilever arrays which can measure the difference of capacitances between sensor and reference. The system consists of 32-bits RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer), RAM/Flash, bus, communication IP's, ADC(Analog Digital Converter) board, and LCD display. The marker selection method, which give us the good accuracy from reasonal numbers of markers, is suggested. The developed system has the resolution under 1fF and can detect 10nM concentration of Thrombin.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.131-135
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• 2008

Substance P (SP) is known to be expressed in the nerve fibers of dental pulp and periodontal tissues. It was recently reported that SP expression increased in response to orthodontic force. In the present study, we investigated the effect of SP on expression of mineralization markers and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in human immortalized periodontal ligament (IPDL) cells. Cell viability was measured using a 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of mineralization markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteonectin (ON) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. SP did not significantly change human IPDL cell viability, with the exception of the 24 hour treatment group. Treatment of human IPDL cells with $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-4}M$ SP upregulated mineralization marker and HO-1 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Our results suggest that SP may modulate osteoblastic cell differentiation of human IPDL cells through a mechanism involving HO-1 expression.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.547-554
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• 1997

Galectin-3 is known as an animal ${\beta}$-galactoside-binding lectin charicterized with S-type carbohydrate recognition domain. It plays a role in growth, adherence and movement of cells. It is, also, related to the cell transformation and metastasis of tumor cells. In this study, we have expressed and purified recombinant human galectin-3 (rHgalectin-3) using E coli system and asialofetuin affinity chromatography for the future development of monoclonal antibody to Hgalectin-3, which is suggested as the tumor marker for the gastric and thyroid gland cancers. Expressed protein was confirmed as the Hgalectin-3 by immunoblot with cross-reactive murine monoclonal antibody. Lectin activity and specificity of purified protein were, also, confirmed by the competitive inhibition with galectin-3 specific carbohydrate, lactose. Like physiological galectin-3, lectin activity of the molecule was not changed in nonreduced condition. Dimer formation, furthermore, was observed at high concentration of the protein even in the reduced condition, which is well known in physiological galectin-3. These results showed purified rHgalectin-3 has the same activity and molecular nature compared to the physiological galectin-3.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2003

The potential of seven flavonoid glycosides to induce quinone reductase (QR), an anticarcinogenic marker enzyme, in murine hepatoma cells (hepalc1c7) and its mutant cells (BPRc1) was evaluated. Among test compounds, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, luteolin-6-c-glucoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-G) induced QR in hepalc1c7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, in BPRc1 cells lacking arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), only Q-3-G caused a significant induction of quinone reductase at the concentration range of 0.5 to 8 ug/mL, suggesting that it is a monofunctional inducer. Q-3-G induced not only phase 2 enzymes, including QR and glutathione-S-transferase, but also nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in HL-60 cells, a biochemical marker for cell differentiation promoting agents. In conclusion, Q-3-G merits further study to evaluate its cancer chemopreventive potential.