• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.328-332
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• 2021

The article considers general tendencies in world and education, and also both principles and methods of forming professional, communicative, intercultural competences and in the process of teaching foreign language for professional purposes in the conditions of engineering, economic and other non-linguistic specialties at technical university. The article views some essential issues of this competence including awareness of pedagogical values, the construction of the pedagogical process, pedagogical communication and behavior; pedagogical technology, its essence, structural components, understanding of innovative components of professional activity, requirements for the design and engineering of pedagogical technologies.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.14
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• pp.33-51
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• 2012

Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) has been widely regarded as the most original and brilliant English landscape painter in the 19th century. Admitted to the Royal Academy Schools in 1789, Turner was a precocious artist and gained the full membership of the prestigious Royal Academy in 1802 at the age of 27. Already in the 1800s he was recognised as a pioneer in taking a new and revolutionary approach to the art of landscape painting. Among his early works made in this period, The Shipwreck, painted in 1805, epitomizes the sense of sublime Romanticism in terms of its dramatic subject-matter and the masterly display of technical innovations. Of course, the subject of shipwreck has a long standing history. Ever since human beings first began seafaring, they have been fascinated as much as haunted by shipwrecks. For maritime societies, such as England, shipwreck has been the source of endless nightmares, representing a constant threat not only to individual sailors but also to the nation as a whole. Unsurprisingly, therefore, shipwreck is one of the most popular motifs in art and literature, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. Yet accounts, images and metaphors of shipwreck have taken diverse forms and served different purposes, varying significantly across time and between authors. As such, Turner's painting registers a panoply of diverse but interconnected contemporary discourses. First of all, since shipwreck was an everyday occurrence in this period, it is more than likely that Turner's painting depicted the actual sinking in 1805 of the East India Company's ship 'The Earl of Abergavenny' off the coast of Weymouth. 263 souls were lost and the news of the wreck made headlines in major English newspapers at the time. Turner's painting may well have been his visual response to this tragedy, eyewitness accounts of which were given in great quantity in every contemporary newspaper. But the painting is not a documentary visual record of the incident as Turner was not present at the site and newspaper reports were not detailed enough for him to pictorially reconstruct the entire scene. Rather, Turner's painting is indebted to the iconographical tradition of depicting tempest and shipwreck, bearing a strong visual resemblance to some 17th-century Dutch marine paintings with which he was familiar through gallery visits and engravings. Lastly, Turner's Shipwreck is to be located in the contexts of burgeoning contemporary travel literature, especially shipwreck narratives. The late 18th and early 19th century saw a drastic increase in the publication of shipwreck narratives and Turner's painting was inspired by the re-publication in 1804 of William Falconer's enormously successful epic poem of the same title. Thus, in the final analysis, Turner's painting is a splendid signifier leading the beholder to the heart of Romantic abyss conjoing nightmarish everyday experience, high art, and popular literature.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2002

In the Korean fishing boats, the abuse of Japanese term is intense. It becomes a reason of preventing the free communications between the crews who have been working for long time in the ship and crews who start new life in the ship as beginner. Also the former cannot feel and understand easily the contents of the textbook and manual which are explained with Korean or English terminology. It is reasonable that Japanese terms are no longer use in the vessel if possible. We searched and classified 170 or more Japanese terms which are used popularly in the fishing boats. So, we expect this paper is a basic research for the eradication of the Japanese terms in the Korean fishing boats.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.186-190
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• 2009

품사 부착은 각종 자연어처리의 기본적인 요소이며, 크게 규칙 기반 방법과, 통계 기반 방법으로 나눌 수 있다. 대부분은 통계 기반의 기계학습을 이용하고 있으며, 대개 95% 이상의 성능을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 미등록어에 대해서는 성능이 그다지 높지 않다. 이 논문에서는 단어의 접사 정보를 이용해서 미등록어에 대한 품사 부착의 성능을 높이는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 CRF(Conditional Random Fields)를 이용하며, 그 자질의 일부로 접사 정보를 이용한다. 그 결과 미등록어에 대해서 약 40%의 성능이 개선되었다. 앞으로 미등록어에 적합한 자질을 연구하고 개발할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.557-565
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• 2014

This paper describes the extended pivot-based approach for bilingual lexicon extraction. The basic features of the approach can be described as follows: First, the approach builds context vectors between a source (or target) language and a pivot language like English, respectively. This is the same as the standard pivot-based approach which is useful for extracting bilingual lexicons between low-resource languages such as Korean-French. Second, unlike the standard pivot-based approach, the approach looks for similar context vectors in a source language. This is helpful to extract translation candidates for polysemous words as well as lets the translations be more confident. Third, the approach extracts translation candidates from target context vectors through the similarity between source and target context vectors. Based on these features, this paper describes the extended pivot-based approach and does various experiments in a language pair, Korean-French (KR-FR). We have observed that the approach is useful for extracting the most proper translation candidate as well as for a low-resource language pair.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2006.10e
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• pp.273-278
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• 2006

이 논문에서 통계기반의 정렬기법을 이용한 한영/영한 양방향 명사구 기계번역 시스템을 설계하고 구현한다. 정렬기법을 이용한 기계번역 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 않은 양의 병렬말뭉치(Corpus)가 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 병렬 말뭉치를 구축하기 위해서 웹으로부터 한영 대역쌍을 수집하였으며 수집된 병렬 말뭉치와 단어 정렬 도구인 GIZA++ 그리고 번역기(decoder)인 PARAOH(Koehn, 2004), RAMSES(Patry et al., 2002), MARIE(Crego et at., 2005)를 사용하여 한영/영한 양방향 명사구 번역 시스템을 구현하였다. 약 4만 개의 명사구 병렬 말뭉치를 학습 말뭉치와 평가 말뭉치로 분리하여 구현된 시스템을 평가하였다. 그 결과 한영/영한 모두 약 37% BLEU를 보였으나, 영한 번역의 성공도가 좀더 높았다. 앞으로 좀더 많은 양의 병렬 말뭉치를 구축하여 시스템의 성능을 향상시켜야 할 것이며, 지속적으로 병렬 말뭉치를 구축할 수 있는 텍스트 마이닝 기법이 개발되어야 할 것이다. 무엇보다도 한국어 특성에 적합한 단어 정렬 모델이 연구되어야 할 것이다. 또한 개발된 시스템을 다국어 정보검색 시스템에 직접 적용해서 그 효용성을 평가해보아야 할 것이다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.149-168
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• 2023

Through an examination and analysis of straight bills of lading and sea waybills in the context of English, U.S.A and Korean law, and relevant international conventions on maritime transport, the following results were obtained: Prior to the enactment of U.K.'s the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act in 1992, straight bills of lading had functional differences between countries. However, after the enactment of this law, negotiable bills of lading obtained the same legal status and functionality in both Korea and the United States, as well as in the UK. As for sea waybills, all three countries treated them with the same contractual and legal status. In other words, they serve as receipts for the transported goods and act as evidence of the maritime transportation contract. Nevertheless, they are non-negotiable, and the delivery of goods can be made to the consignee or their agent based on their identity. However, the transfer of ownership rights over the goods or acquisition of legal rights against the carrier cannot be achieved through the transfer or endorsement of Sea Waybills.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1994

One of the fundamental duty of the assured in a marine insurance contract is maintaining seaworthiness of the ship insured. Since duty of the seaworthiness of ship is a shipowners implied warranty in the marine insurance, the breach of the duty of seaworthiness by assured is recognized as immunity for the underwriter. This is a measure to protect the underwriter through prevention of unexpected casualties which may be occurred from the unseaworthiness. In the Korean Marine Insurance Act the legal character of the assured's duty of seaworthiness is not clear whether it is a legal duty or contracted one. Accordingly, in this paper the author pointed out that the duty of seaworthiness of the ship should be interpreted according to the English Law. As a conclusion, the hull insurance does not require even implied warranty concerning seaworthiness, since it is recognized as one of implied fundamental warranty of the English Marine Insurance Act. Especially, this issue pointed out is very meaningful and advisable under the consideration of the existing conditions of the marine insurance regime for the distant-water fishing vessels and the catch carriers in Korea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.689-697
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• 2013

The demurrage is regarded as a kind of the ocean freight and a remuneration of the time lost for the vessel while in port. In ordinary occasions of the voyage charter, the liability of a demurrage is usually laid on the charterers unless any exceptions are incorporated. The owners are, however, often meeting somehow difficulty to secure demurrage in the field as the liability is limited or transferred to a third party from the charterers. This paper is focused on clearing the liabilities to be held by the parties involved through the English Law cases, and what's more is rendering a proper suggestions to the owners and charterers on dealing with the ship's operation business.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.867-873
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• 2019

As of August 2019, there were 3,823 vessels under 30 tons that could be included in the category of small vessels; these account for 42.5 % of the 9,001 registered vessels in Korea. The problem is that many small vessel seafarers face many problems such as an board communication disconnection, difficulties in communication in maritime license interviews, or education related to maritime training using a large number of nonstandard terms, which are derived from foreign languages; this is leading to a decline the job skills of small vessel seafarers. Therefore, in this study, we closely analyzed the terminology of small vessel seafarers and proposed a standardization plan. In the terminology analysis, the preliminary terms of the maritime license interview and the high-frequency terms of the small vessel educational textbook were identified and the corresponding nonstandard terms were examined. Based on a survey, an expert meeting was held and incorrect Japanese notation, English notation, and the standard language for key terms were presented to analyze which questionnaire was most familiar. The ratio of the use of standard words is relatively high in the case of nautical terms, however, the wrong Japanese notation is used more for engine terms; the analysis results by age and tonnage also generally use the Japanese notation and the use frequency of English notation was determined to be low. Based on this, short- and long-term plans for the use of standard words by small vessel seafarers were proposed, including the production of a standard language dictionary for terms used by these seafarers, a promotion of the importance of using standard terms, active education through educational institutions, and the systematic preparation and implementation of Korean-language education for foreign sailors.