• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.493-498
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• 2003

선박충돌사고는 많은 원인이 서로 복잡하게 상호작용을 하여 발생하고 있으며, 특히 인적요인에 의한 충돌사고가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이러한 선박충돌사고 원인분석은 선박의 안전 운항상의 측면에서 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 시스템 다이내믹스법을 이용하여 선박충돌사고 인적요인 모델을 구축하고, 선박충돌사고를 감소시키기 위한 가장 효과적인 대책을 수립하기 위한 정책요소를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 수행을 위해 FSM법에 의한 충돌사고원인의 구조분석을 인과지도상의 정량적, 정성적, 피드백 루프로 변환하였다. 그리고 시뮬레이션 기간을 20년간(1993-2012)으로 설정하여 표준시뮬레이션모델과 8가지 정책시뮬레이션모델에 대해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2010

우리나라 컨테이너항만 개발은 수요와 공급 논리에 따르기보다는 지역균형발전과 같은 정책적 고려에 의해 이루어진 측면이 강하다. 광양항의 시설공급 과잉뿐만 아니라 울산 신항, 포항 영일신항 등 지역 소규모 컨테이너 항만들이 운영에 어려움을 겪고 있는 것이 이를 반증한다. 특히, 지리적으로 인접한 일부 항만들이 중복되는 국내 시장을 대상으로 하고 있어서 항만 운영 활성화가 어려울 뿐만 아니라 지역적 국가적으로도 낭비 요인이 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 부산항, 광양항, 인천항, 평택항, 울산항 등 5개 항만을 대상으로 각 항만의 특성을 실증 자료를 기반으로 분석하여 각 항만의 특성과 위상을 구체적으로 제시하여 향후 항만개발에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 해당 항만의 환적 및 수출입화물 집중도, 항만별 대륙 기종점 현황, 항만별 우리나라 내륙 기종점 현황 등의 시계열 자료를 분석하여 항만을 분류하고 기능을 정립하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.173-176
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• 2011

해양분야의 새로운 패러다임으로 논의되고 있는 e-navigation 정책의 핵심은 공간적으로 연속된 정보의 제공 기술과 제공될 정보의 수집, 분석, 표현 기술이라 할 수 있으며, 핵심 구성요소로 해상통신 서비스의 연속적인 제공을 위해서는 기존 통신 장비와 앞으로 요구되는 광대역 통신 장비 간에 Seamless한 통신 서비스가 제공될 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해서 SDR 기술을 통한 다중모드 해상 무선통신 지원이 필요하며, 원거리 통신의 주요 기술 중 하나인 위성통신망을 독자적으로 보유하지 못한 우리나라의 현실을 감안할 때, 기존 지상파 무선통신 기술을 e-navigation 체계 내에 도입하여 활용할 수 있도록 관련 기술과 적용 방안이 필요하다. 본고에서는 해상무선통신 기술 및 서비스 제공 체계 분석을 통하여 해상 무선통신 기술 특성을 파악하고, SDR 제공 플랫폼의 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 구조 분석을 통하여 해상무선통신 다중모드 운영을 위한 SDR 적용 범위를 도출하였으며, 향후 SDR 기반 해상 통신시스템 플랫폼 제공 방안을 도출하고자 한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2018

17세기 이후 항해기술의 진전과 더불어 국제무역은 증가되기 시작했다. 최근 해상운송은 화주 및 항만의 수요에 힘입어 운송모드 중 70%의 처리를 수행하고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 대부분의 연구자들은 항만개발 즉 항만수심, 항만경쟁, 항만관리 등에 집중하고 있으며, 환경, 생태계 및 조화로운 개발 등의 분야는 연구가 미진한 상황이다. 본 연구는 발틱해를 중심으로 해운, 항만 생태계, 오염 등에 집중하여 SNA 방법을 이용한 키워드네트워크를 분석하였다. 연구결과 발틱해 지역의 가장 큰 관심은 환경문제로 나타났다. 10년간의 연구기간 및 현지어로 수행된 연구결과를 포함하지 못한 한계가 있다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.411-437
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• 2000

It is unsafe to attempt a complete definition of the expression 'perils of the seas', because in practice the question 'what is a peril of the seas' is inextricably woven up with the further question, 'was the loss proximately caused by the sea peril ?' Such casualties as stranding, collision and heavy weather appear with monotonous regularity in the daily reports, and are the obvious examples. However, what can be included in the term 'perils of the seas' seems to be inexhaustible, although most circumstances appear to have been covered by the Courts. Two cases heard in 1887 were instrumental in defining perils of the seas. In The Xantho Lord Herschell made the following remarks: "The term ... does not cover every accidents or casualty which may happen to the subject matter of insurance on the sea. It must be a peril 'of' the sea. Not every loss or damage of which the sea is the immediate cause is covered by these words. They do not protect, for example, against that natural and inevitable action of the winds and waves which results in what may be described as wear and tear. There must be some casualty, something which could not be foreseen as one of the necessary incidents of the adventure. The purpose of the policy is to secure an indemnity against accidents which may happen, not against events which must happen. ... If a vessel strikes upon a sunken rock in fair weather and sinks, this is a loss by perils of the sea."

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.331-345
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• 2003

The fishing ground surrounding Wangdol-cho is not only overexploited by the littering of dilapidated fishing net and equipment, but also by fishermen's overfishing, surpassing optimum fisheries resources. In addition, increasing fishing efforts (number of fishing vessel and fishing net, etc) contribute to the deterioration of fishing ground, and it is urgently required that schemes to tackle the problems should be taken. To effectively address the problems as such, this paper aims to propose sustainable utilization and management scheme of fishing ground through classification of fishing ground surrounding Wangdol-cho as one area which is less than 50m deep, measuring $13.66km^2$ and the other, permission fishing area of Gill Net fishery, measuring $347.23km^2$. The analysis shows that, for the water area less than 50m deep, implementation from a short-term perspective includes autonomous management fishery by gill net and trap fishery. For the permission fishing area of Gill Net fishery, implementation includes limit on fishing period, real name system of fishing equipment and limit on fishing equipment. Implementation from a medium and long-term perspective includes limit on scuba diving, designation of underwater sightseeing zone, sea farming, facilities of surveillance, adoption of approval system for the permission fishing area of Gill Net fishery and introduction of report system for fishing.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.146-157
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• 2015

Emissions of ozone precursors ($NO_x$ and VOCs) and photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) of VOC emission sources were investigated in the largest port city (i.e., Busan), Korea during the year 2011. This analysis was performed using the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) national emission inventory provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea. For $NO_x$, the emissions from off-road mobile sources in Busan were the most dominant (e.g., $31,202ton\;yr^{-1}$), accounting for about 60% of the total $NO_x$ emissions. The emission from shipping of off-road mobile sources (e.g., $24,922ton\;yr^{-1}$) was a major contributor to their total emissions, amounting to 47% of the total $NO_x$ emissions due to the port-related activities in Busan. For VOCs, the emission source category of solvent usage was predominant (e.g., $36,062ton\;yr^{-1}$), accounting for approximately 82% of the total VOC emissions. Out of solvent usages, the emission from painting was the most dominant ($22,733ton\;yr^{-1}$), comprising 52% of the total emissions from solvent usages. The most dominant VOC species emitted from their sources in Busan was toluene, followed by xylene, butane, ethylbenzene, n-butanol, isopropyl alcohol, and propane. The major emission sources of toluene and xylene were found to be painting of coil coating and ship building, respectively. The value of POCP for the off-road mobile source (61) was the highest in ten major activity sectors of VOC emissions. Since the POCP value of ship transport of off-road mobile source (72) was also high enough to affect ozone concentration, the ship emission can play a significant role in ozone production of the port city like Busan.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2020

Stow net fishery is one of the fishery with high fishing work accidents in southwestern sea of Korea. We conducted to serve as basic data for improving the healthy and safe working environment of fisher using risk assessment process (ISO45001) with fishermen's occupational accidents of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative (NFFC) from 2016 to 2018. The average occurrence rate of victim in this fishery was 9.04%, 16.7 times more than such rate in all industries. In addition, the average fatality rate was found to have a very serious level management to 31.06‱, 27.7 times more than such rate in all industries. The safety hazards of stow net fishery was more likely to occur by other general industrial groups, with more severe consequences after the accident. According to 4M analysis, 58.6% of all accidents were caused by human factors, 24.0% by environmental factors, 16.0% by mechanical factors, and 1.5% by managerial factors, respectively. The occurrence frequency by accident type was the highest in 187 cases (32.2%) for struck by object, 158 cases (27.2%) for slipping, and 94 cases (16.2%) for being in contact with machinery. Severity is the highest for others such as diseases etc., in the order of being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, falling from above slipping, collapsing, bumping, and burning. Being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, and slipping are high-risk groups, falling from above others, bumping, and burning are medium-risk groups based on the risk assessment using the occurrence frequency and severity of accident. The obtained results are expected to contribute to the safe operation environment subsidy for fishing crews on the stow net fishing vessel.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

The adjudication of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) was analyzed to collect basic data to identify the cause of the risk that did not appear in the current data provided by the fishermen's occupational accidents of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative (NFFC) in stow net fishing vessel from 2015 to 2019. The personnel's carelessness was the most common in 29 out of 33 accidents (87.9%), followed by 25 cases (75.8%) of inadequacy of instructions, 24 cases (72.7%) of inadequacy of education on hazard factor, 20 cases (60.6%) of no personal protection equipment, 18 cases (54.5%) of poor guard, 17 cases (51.5%) of inadequacy of work method, 16 cases (48.5%) of absence of emergency stop button, 14 cases (42.4%) of work practice of poor safety precautions that affected more than 40% of all accidents as accident causes. These causes had a strong influence on each other, and the ratio of accident causes is high. With this relationship, accidents can be prevented or the severity of human injury can be reduced if types of accident process can be estimated with a scenario, and the key points before the accident in the scenario are switched to safe points.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2020

The questionnaire survey was carried out to collect basic data to identify the cause of the risk that did not appear in the current data provided by the fishermen's occupational accidents of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative (NFFC) to the onsite specialist, such as a fishing master, chief engineer and fisher in stow net fishing vessel from June to July 2018. The results are as follows. A total of 134 cases were surveyed, including 53 cases in Yeosu, 44 cases in Mokpo, 30 cases in Boryeong and 7 cases in Gunsan. Approximately 60% of the respondents on board the stow net fishing vessel were more than 20 years old, and the boarding experience was seasoned and suitable for the respondents. In the 4M analysis by safety accident factor during fishing work, the mechanical factors included 51 cases (25.0%) of decrepit equipment or poor maintenance and 49 cases (24.0%) of systemic error of fishing equipment. The environmental factors exhibited 71 cases (33.5%) of poor communication by mixed manning of foreign fishermen and 63 cases (29.7%) of poor environment such as heavy weather etc. The human factors showed 78 cases (37.3%) of personnel's carelessness and 45 cases (21.5%) of unskillfulness of operating net and haulers. The management factors exhibited 59 cases (32.1%) of work practice of poor safety precautions and 56 cases (30.4%) of inadequacy of education on hazard factor. The results are expected to contribute to the creation of a safe operating environment for stow net fishery, such as a fisher boarding a stow net fishing vessel, enabling the analysis of major causes of working safety accidents by cause.