• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.32-33
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• 2019

The purpose of this study are analyzing marine incident occurred in Busan VTS area, establishing standard of marine incident based on the data, and presenting the way to activate marine incident system. As implement this system, it is figured out that marine incident system could contribute to preventing similar accident, standing out role of VTS and improvement of VTS officer's ability. It includes efficiency of VTS marine incident and matters which necessary to implement this system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2018

Standard guidelines for marine accident investigation have been prepared through the enforcement of the Casualty Investigation code as of January 2010. In addition, as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recommended contracting the state to manage a marine incident system established under this code, Korea also has newly established provisions for a marine incident system in the 'Act on the Investigation of and Inquiry into Marine Accidents' also as of 2010. The Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) has made a multilateral effort to prevent marine accidents through the efficient operation of a marine incident system, but this system has not been properly activated. This study examines the operational status and problems of a marine incident system and analyzes the marine incident systems of foreign countries and similar transportation agencies such as railroads and aviation. Options include switching to voluntary reporting of marine incidents, transferring responsibility to a non judicial private organization, expanding incentive systems for a marine incidents, revising regulation and preparing detailed implementation guidelines.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3E
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

The bistatic scattering of an incident wave by a hemi-spherically capped cylinder is of particular interest because it has rarely been studied until the present day. The configuration of a hemi-spherically capped cylinder is similar to naval underwater weapons (submarines, mines, torpedos, etc.), but which is not exactly the same. This paper describes a novel laboratory experiment aimed at direct measurement of bistatic scattering by a hemi-spherically capped cylinder. Bistatic scattering by a hemi-spherically capped cylinder was measured in an acoustic water tank (5m long, 5m wide, 5m deep) using a high frequency projector (120kHz) and hydrophone. Measurements of monostatic scattering were also made under the same conditions. The bistatic scattering pattern by a hemi-spherically capped cylinder was measured against the incident angles $(0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;60^{\circ},\;90^{\circ})$ in order to verify various scattering pattern characteristics by the change of incident angle. The results indicate that the bistatic scattering TS at a wide scattering angle is much stronger than the mono static scattering TS. In bistatic scattering, the forward scattering TS is significantly stronger than the backward scattering TS, and the forward scattering pattern is also broader. In case of seven incident angles, the maximum value of forward scattering TS is about 14dB stronger than that of backward scattering TS. It is also found that forward scattering varies with the incident angle of sound to a much less extent than backscattering, and it is not seriously affected by the incident angle. These features could be the advantages of using forward scattering for detecting underwater targets at long range and increasing detection area and probability.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.27-39
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• 2012

The purpose of this study lies in analyzing the effects of Fukushima nuclear plant incident, due to the earthquake in the northeastern part of Japan, on South Korean consumers'responses to domestic marine products. Survey results show that the response to the event by all consumers is not significant, but not by individual consumer. Empirical results show that if consumers are relatively more interested in health issues, if they consume mollusca relatively more among marine products and if they are with children under the age of 14, they increased the consumption of domestic marine products while decreased that of Japanese seafood. On the contrary, if consumers take shellfish products relatively more among seafood, they reduced the consumption of domestic marine products as well as Japanese ones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2020

Accident prevention is more important than follow-up, which is based on Heinrich's law. The marine incident system is a very meaningful system that can prevent similar accidents, and was introduced in 2010 in Korea in accordance with the enforcement of the Code for the Investigation of Marine Casualties and Incidents (CI Code). Based on the CI Code, ship owners or ship operators are required to notify the Central Chief Inspector using the designated notification form in the event of a marine incident, but the number of voluntary notifications is still small. In this regard, this study intends to provide a direction for improvement by conducting an in-depth analysis focusing on the lack of notification procedures and forms of the marine incident system. To this end, we analyzed related regulations, cases of excellent overseas shipping countries such as the United Kingdom and Singapore, cases of similar domestic transportation systems such as aviation and railways, and marine incident notification procedures and forms of leading shipping companies. Major improvements in the notification process include the transition of the marine incidents to voluntary reporting, the expansion of the reporting subjects, and the identification of the security of the informer's identity. The main contents of the notification form revision include the use of the term "reporting" instead of "notification," the content of the identity guarantee in the notification form, and the increase in statistical value through the expansion of optional entries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.455-461
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• 2017

The Hebei Spirit oil spill incident occurred in December 7, 2007 and caused approximately $12,547k{\ell}$ of crude oil spillage along 370km off the west coast of Korea. Due to the astronomical and irrecoverable damage to the marine ecosystems and the overall living standards of the residents, the oil spill incident has been notoriously named as the "worst oil spill incident" occurred in Korea. Nevertheless, though almost a decade has passed since the tragic incident in Korea, it appears that compensation and recovery efforts seem not close to satisfaction and the local residents are still struggling with various negative impacts incurred by the incident because of critical cleavage among the interests of the relevant parties to the incident. In this paper, the analysis of Hebei Spirit oil spill incident regarding two aspects was carried out; First, meticulously analyze the practical and statistical data of the incident to precisely examine the fundamental causes for its occurrence to further prevent the reoccurrence of such disastrous incident; and the second, comprehensively inspect reasons for the protracted and inefficient damage recovery and victim-oriented compensation. To be specific, this study observed the levels of compensation against damages from the incident, and the adequacy of it in terms of ultimately and inclusively addressing financial, social and ecological aspects based primarily upon the legal verdicts, and statistical and empirical surveys.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.408-414
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• 2018

Various studies have been conducted to reduce marine accidents. However, research on marine incidents is only marginal. There are many reports of marine incidents, but the main content of existing studies has been qualitative, which makes quantitative analysis difficult. However, quantitative analysis of marine accidents is necessary to reduce marine incidents. The purpose of this paper is to analyze marine incident data quantitatively by applying big data techniques to predict marine incident trends and reduce marine accident. To accomplish this, about 10,000 marine incident reports were prepared in a unified format through pre-processing. Using this preprocessed data, we first derived major keywords for the Marine incidents at sea using text mining techniques. Secondly, time series and cluster analysis were applied to major keywords. Trends for possible marine incidents were predicted. The results confirmed that it is possible to use quantified data and statistical analysis to address this topic. Also, we have confirmed that it is possible to provide information on preventive measures by grasping objective tendencies for marine incidents that may occur in the future through big data techniques.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2E
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• pp.60-68
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• 2006

High-frequency bistatic scattering measurements from a corrugated surface were made in an acoustic water tank. First the azimuthal scattering pattern was measured from an artificially corrugated surface which has varying impedance. The corrugated surface was installed both transverse to the direction of incident wave and longitudinal to the direction of incident wave. The angle between the corrugated surface and the direction of the incident wave was about $45^{\circ}$. Second, the scattering strengths were measured from the flat sediment and the corrugated sediment. A critical angle of about $37^{\circ}$ was calculated in the acoustic water tank. The measurements were made at three fixed grazing angles: $33^{\circ}$ (lower than critical angle), $37^{\circ}$ (critical angle), and $41^{\circ}$ (higher than critical angle). The scattering angle and the grazing angle are equal in each measurement. Frequencies were from 50 kHz to 100 kHz with an increment of 1 kHz. The corrugated sediment was made transverse to the direction of the incident wave. The first measurement indicates that the scattering patterns depend on the relations between the corrugated surface and the direction of the incident wave. In the second measurement, the data measured from the flat sediment were compared to the APL-UW model and to the NRL model. The NRL model's output shows more favorable comparisons than the APL-UW model. In case of the corrugated sediment, the model and the measured data are different because the models used an isotropic wave spectrum of sediment roughness in the scattering calculations. The isotropic wave spectrum consists of $w_2$ and ${\gamma}_2$. These constants derived from sediment names or bulk size. The model which used the constants didn't consider the effect of a corrugated surface. In order to consider a corrugated surface, the constants were varied in the APL-UW model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.615-623
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• 2020

In order to prevent the dangers of major marine accidents, it is very important to be aware of in advance through marine incidents in the background of Heinrich's law, formulated by the safety pioneer who is credited with focusing on workplace safety with emphasis on the human element. At least 11 cases of collision accidents occurred in the Busan VTS area from January 1st to December 31st, 2019, and 24 cases of VTS marine incidents were reported during the same period. According to Heinrich's law, there could be many more potentially risky situations besides the 24 reported cases. In this study, the criteria for VTS marine incidents were established through advanced research and a survey of VTS operators, and analysis of 24 cases of VTS marine incidents in the Busan VTS area. Traffic surveys were conducted for three days to identify potentially hazardous situations. According to the survey, there were 216 cases of VTS marine incidents, and within a year, it is estimated there could be about 26,280 cases. Even if conditions such as "missing VHF communication feedback" which is an important cause of marine incidents, are not reflected, there are many potential risks in the VTS area. Thus, it is vital to strengthen the VTS marine incident reporting system.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.337-348
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• 2012

This study investigates the effects of tide, wind and oceanic currents on oil spill dispersions through a series of numerical floats tracking experiments on the Sea Prince oil spill incident occurred in 1995 using a 3-dimensional high resolution ocean circulation model. For that, a total of four experimental cases (experiment with tide, wind and oceanic currents, experiment with tide and oceanic currents, experiment with wind and oceanic currents, and experiment with tide and wind) were compared. It could be seen that results from experiment involving all external forces showed better agreement with the observed pattern of oil slick movement than other cases. The oceanic currents acted to drive floats to move to the western channel of the Korea straits and wind accelerated the eastward movement of floats in the early stage of the incident. Tidal currents played significant role in the horizontal dispersion of floats.