• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2013

The effects of different cations on its composition and flavor characteristics of pidan white and yolk produced with duck egg in comparison to its fresh egg were investigated. Mineral content such as calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were significantly increased in pidan yolk irrespective of its cations in pickle solution in comparison to the fresh yolk (P<0.05). It confirmed the migration of minerals from the pickling solution to the egg. However, calcium and magnesium was found lower in 0.2% $PbO_2$ treated pidan. Less pidan flavor compounds were generated in pidan white produced with the aid of 0.2% $PbO_2$. It confirmed that binding of lead prevent the maillard reaction in the pidan treated with $PbO_2$. Benzaldehyde, ketones, alcohol and acid found in the pidan white treated with 0.2% $ZnCl_2$ reveals that volatiles are generated most likely from maillard reaction. However, pidan yolk of both 0.2% $PbO_2$ and 0.2% $ZnCl_2$ showed higher generation of volatiles more likely from yolk lipids. Butanal, pentanal, hexanal, and heptanal are of those aldehydes found in 0.2% $ZnCl_2$ treated pidan yolk whereas hexanal is the only aldehyde detected in 0.2% $PbO_2$ treated pidan yolk. Thus, cations in the pickling solution affect the flavor characteristics of pidan white and yolk.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.766-771
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• 2008

The proteolytic enzyme from Saccharomyces sp. B101 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ultrafiltration, diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephadex A-50 ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography from the culture supernatant of Saccharomyces sp. B101. The specific activity and the purification fold of the purified enzyme were 4,688.9 unit/mg and 18, respectively. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 33 kDa by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were pH 8.5 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme activity was relatively stable in the pH range of 6.5-8.5 at below $35^{\circ}C$. The salt-tolerance and stability for the enzyme activity were relatively stable even at NaCl concentrations of 10 and 15%. The activity of enzyme was inhibited by $Ag^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$, and activated by $Mn^{2+}$. In addition, the enzyme activity was potently inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride (PMSF). Based on these findings we concluded that the purified enzyme was a serine protease. Km and Vmax values for hammastein milk casein were 1.02 mg/mL and 278.38 unit/mL, respectively.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.844-861
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• 2019

Over the last few years, marine environment was found to be a source of surplus natural products and microorganisms with new bioactive secondary metabolites of interest which can divulge nutritional and biological impact on the host. This study aims to assess the possible, inherent and functional probiotic properties of a novel probiotic strain Enterococcus durans F3 (E. durans F3) isolated from the gut of fresh water fish Catla catla. Parameters for evaluating and describing the probiotics described in FAD/WHO guidelines were followed. E. durans F3 demonstrated affirmative results including simulated bile, acid and gastric juice tolerance with exhibited significant bactericidal effect against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This can be due to the enterocin produced by E. durans F3 strain, which was resolute by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel with amplification of the anticipated fragment of a structural gene; enterocin A, followed by antibiotic susceptibility assessment. Effective antioxidant potentiality against ${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\alpha}$-picrylhydrazyl free radicals including lipase, bile salt hydrolase activity with auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity was similarly observed. Results are proving the potentiality of E. durans F3, which can also be used as probiotic starter culture in dairy industries for manufacturing new products that imparts health benefits to the host. Finding the potent and novel probiotic strains will also satisfy the current developing market demand for probiotics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1630-1639
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• 2019

Objective: Sixty Pengbo semi-wool sheep ewes (approximately 1.5-years-old; $31.33{\pm}0.43kg$) were randomly assigned to two groups, either grazing (G) or dry lot feeding (D), to examine the effects of traditional daily grazing and dry lot feeding on performance and blood metabolites during the cold season in Tibetan Plateau. Methods: The ewes in the G group were grazed continuously each day and housed in one shed each evening, while the ewes in the D group were housed in another shed all day. All animals were fed 400 g/d of commercial concentrate, and grass hay was available freely throughout the experimental period. Results: Compared with the G group, the ewes in the D group had higher (p<0.05) live weight and weight gain. The D group ewes had greater (p<0.05) numbers of white blood cells and platelets, while they had lower (p<0.05) platelet-large cell ratios, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glutathione peroxidase, as compared with the G group ewes. Additionally, three serum metabolites, abscisic acid, xanthoxin and 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polypren, were upregulated (p<0.05) in the G group in comparison with the D group. Conclusion: In conclusion, a dry lot feeding regime during the winter and spring period will increase the productivity of sheep and improve blood physiological and biochemical profiles.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2022

In the present study, we investigated the effects of recombinant eel gonadotropins (rec-GTHs) on maturation induction in immature ovarian culture in vitro and sex steroid hormones in vivo in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. To study the in vitro effects of rec-GTHs on estradiol-17β (E2) production in immature ovarian tissues, ovarian tissues were incubated with different doses of rec-follicle-stimulating hormone (rec-FSH) or rec-luteinizing hormone (rec-LH). The results revealed that the E2 levels in the rec-FSH (0.1, 0.5, or 1 ㎍/mL)- and rec-LH (0.1 or 0.5 ㎍/mL)-treated groups were significantly higher than those in the female eels from the control group. Furthermore, to investigate the in vivo effects of rec-GTHs on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma sex steroid hormone levels, the eels were injected intraperitoneally with eel's ringer (control), salmon pituitary extract (SPE; for female eels), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; for male eels), rec-FSH, rec-LH, and rec-FSH + rec-LH once a week. The results revealed that except for the SPE and the hCG groups, none of the groups exhibited a significant difference in GSI values. However, in vivo plasma E2 levels increased at the end of 4 weeks after rec-FSH treatment in female eels. Based on these results, it is suggested that rec-GTHs may have a positive effect on sexual maturation in female eels; however, further studies on complementary rec-protein production systems and additional glycosylation of rec-hormones are needed to elucidate hormone bioactivity in vivo and in vitro.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2024

Background: The biological information of fish, which include reproduction, is the prerequisite and the basis for the assessment of fisheries. Methods: The aim of this work was to know the reproductive biology with the first sexual maturity (TL₅₀) and the spawning period for 58 mainly fish species in the waters around La Réunion Island (Western Indian Ocean). Twenty families belonging to the Actinopterygii were represented (acanthuridae, berycidae, bramidae, carangidae, cirrhitidae, gempylidae, holocentridae, kyphosidae, labridae, lethrinidae, lutjanidae, malacanthidae, monacanthidae, mullidae, polymixiidae, pomacentridae, scaridae, scorpaenidae, serranidae, sparidae; 56 species; n = 9,751) and two families belonging to the Elasmobranchii (squalidae, centrophoridae; 2 species; n = 781) were sampled. Between 2014 and 2022, 10,532 individuals were sampled covering the maximum months number to follow the reproduction periods of these species. Results: TL₅₀ for the males and the females, respectively, ranged from 103.9 cm (Acanthurus triostegus) to 1,119.3 cm (Thyrsitoides marleyi) and from 111.7 cm (A. triostegus) to 613.1 cm (Centrophorus moluccensis). The reproduction period could be very different between the species from the very tight peak to a large peak covered all months. Conclusions: Most species breed between October and March but it was not the trend for all species around La Réunion Island.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2007

국내 해조류 자원의 이용성 증대를 위해서 해조류의 기능성, 유산균 생육 특성, 가공식품에의 이용, 생분해성 포장재의 소재, 그리고 부산물을 이용한 동물사료화 및 퇴비화 가능성의 연구 보문을 조사하였다. 기능성물질 연구에서는 유용색소 (Fucoxanthin)의 추출과 부위별 함량 및 분광학적인 특성이 있으며, 해조류로부터 alginate의 함량 조사와 최적추출조건 확립에 대한 연구를 수행하여 AASA (Acid alkali soluble alginate) 추출방법에서 3% $Na_2CO_3$ 농도와, $H_2SO_4$의 농도 0.4 N에서 가장 높은 수율을 얻었다. 톳으로부터 산알칼리 (AASA) 방법으로 추출한 알긴산에 인위적으로 sulfate를 흡착 Lactobacillus acidophilus를 접종한 후 배양하면서 유산균의 성장에 대한 영향을 살펴 본 결과 모든 농도에서 이들 배지에 S-alginate를 첨가한 것이 유산균의 성장을 증가시켰다. 미역귀 추출물로 잼을 제조하였고, 김, 미역, 다시마의 물 추출물로 물성이 우수하고 관능성적도 양호한 젤리를 제조하였다. 해조류 젤리를 상품화하는데 있어서 해조류가 갖는 해조취와 젤리색소의 안정화가 상품화의 요소로 대두되어 이를 개선할 방법도 제시되었다. 해조 간장과 된장 및 두부에서는 다당류나 무기질 등 영양적인 기능성과 관능적 기호성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 알긴산 필름의 물성 증진을 위하여 $CaCl_2$를 필름용액에 직접 첨가 또는 필름을 $CaCl_2$용액에 침지하는 두 가지 방법에서 수분 저항성이 강한 필름을 제조할 수 있었다. 미이용 해조분말이나 해조가공 부산물로 얻어지는 해조분말을 이용하여 새로운 생분해성 포장소재로 사용할 수 있는 가능성이 있다. 해조류의 영양성분 및 아미노산 함량을 분석한 결과 사료첨가제로서 충분한 가치가 있었으나 다량의 염분 함량으로 인하여 그 가치가 평가 절하되었다. 따라서 해조류의 사료적 가치를 증진시키기 위하여 발효처리를 하였으며, 그 결과 기능성 영양소 (불포화 지방산)가 증가되는 효과가 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.847-856
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• 2007

냉동변성 방지제가 닭가슴살 수리미의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 대조구는 2회 수세한 명태수리미를 활용하여 C(4% 설탕＋5% 솔비톨＋0.3% 인산염 첨가), 나머지 처리구들은 pH(11.0) 조절법으로 제조한 닭가슴살 수리미를 활용하여 T1(0.3% 인산염 첨가), T2(5% 솔비톨＋0.3% 인산염 첨가) 및 T3(4% 설탕＋5% 솔비톨＋0.3% 인산염 첨가) 처리구로 하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 대조구가 처리구들에 비해 모든 아미노산, FAA, SAAA, FRAA, EAA 및 총 아미노산 함량이 높았고, 처리구 간에는 T2 처리구가 T1과 T3 처리구에 비해 높은 함량을 보였다. 전단가는 모든 처리구들이 대조구에 비해 현저하게 높았고, 처리구 간에는 T2 처리구가 T1와 T3 처리구에 비해 높았다. 파괴강도, 변형값 및 겔강도는 대조구가 모든 처리구들에 비해 높았다. 저장기간 동안 모든 처리구의 TBARS값은 0.09~0.48mg/100g으로 대조구의 1.57~1.97mg/ 100g에 비해 현저하게 낮았고, 처리구 간에는 T2 처리구가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. VBN값은 모든 처리구들이 대조구에 비해 낮았다. 관능평가에서 외관, 육색 및 전체적 기호도는 대조구가 모든 처리구들에 비해 높은 점수를 받았지만, 풍미, 다즙성 및 연도는 모든 처리구들이 대조구에 비해 높은 점수를 받았다. 냉동변성제와 닭가슴살을 이용한 수리미는 어육 수리미에 비해 외관과 전체적 기호도 점수가 낮았지만, 조직감, TBARS 및 VBN 값이 낮아 좀 더 연구가 이루어진다면 부가가치가 있는 제품 개발 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2008

게맛살 및 크래미 생산을 위한 기초 배합비 시험을 위하여 수리미 소시지 제조 시 명태연육만을 이용한 대조구, 명태연육:닭가슴살수리미:전분 비율이 90.91:0:9.09인 T1, 80:0:20인 T2, 62.5:37.5:0인 T3, 58.82:35.3:5.88인 T4, 40:60:0인 T5, 36.36:54.55:9.09인 T6에 대한 조직적 특성을 비교한 결과, 대조구에 비하여 T1의 경우 표면경도, 파괴강도 및 겔 강도가 높게 나타났으며, T2의 경우 파괴강도, 겔 강도 및 접기시험 결과는 높은 반면 T1 및 T2 모두 관능평가 결과는 낮았다. T3의 경우 표면경도, 파괴강도, 변형값, 겔 강도 및 젤리 강도는 높은 반면 응집성과 접기시험 결과는 낮았다. T4의 경우 표면경도, 변형값 및 젤리 강도는 높았다. T5의 경우 파괴강도, 겔 강도 및 젤리 강도 결과는 높은 반면 응집성, 검성 및 씹힘성은 낮았다. T6의 경우 탄력성 및 변형값 결과는 높은 반면 경도, 응집성, 검성, 씹힘성, 파괴강도 및 겔 강도는 낮았다. 특히 T5와 T6 모두 다른 처리구들에 비해 높은 관능적 선호도를 보였으나, 경도, 검성 및 씹힘성 간의 높은 정의 상관관계와 달리 낮은 조직적 특성을 보였다. 따라서 대조구와 비교 시 명태연육:닭가슴살수리미:전분을 62.5:37.5:0으로 혼합한 T3 및 58.82:35.3:5.88로 혼합한 T4가 조직 특성상 양호한 결과를 얻었으며, 관능적 선호도 역시 대조구 차이를 보이지 않아 닭가슴살수리미를 명태연육의 35%까지 대체가 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.58-70
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• 2015

Injectable RGD-bioconjugated Mussel Adhesive Proteins (RGD-MAPs) composite hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrogels provide local periodontal tissue for bone filling in periodontal surgery. Previously we developed a novel type of injectable self-supported hydrogel (2 mg/ml of RGD-MAPs/HPMC) based porcine nano hydroxyapatite (MPH) for dental graft, which could good handling property, biodegradation or biocompatibility with the hydrogel disassembly and provided efficient cell adhesion activity and no inflammatory responses. Herein, the aim of this work was to evaluate bone formation following implantation of MPH and collagen membrane in rabbit calvarial defects. Eight male New Zealand rabbits were used and four circular calvarial defects were created on each animal. Defects were filled with different graft materials: 1) collagen membrane, 2) collagen membrane with MPH, 3) collagen membrane with bovine bone hydroxyapatite (BBH), and 4) control. The animals were sacrificed after 2 and 8 weeks of healing periods for histologic analysis. Both sites receiving MPH and BBH showed statistically increased augmented volume and new bone formation (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in new bone formation between the MPH, BBH and collagen membrane group at all healing periods. Within the limits of this study, collagen membrane with MPH was an effective material for bone formation and space maintaining in rabbit calvarial defects.