• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.635-641
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• 2019

Domestic southwest offshore wind farms have problems such as the reduction in fishing rights by prohibiting vessel traffic, which delays their development. As such, there is a need to develop offshore windfarms in Europe to permit the passage of vessels and fishing operations in specific offshore windfarm areas. In this study, we used the environmental stress (ES model) and the IALA Waterway Risk Assessment Program (IWRAP) to determine the ratio of risk to the route type (cross pattern, grid pattern) and traffic volume (present, 3 times, 5 times and 10 times) to derive the risk factors of specific vessels for offshore windfarms. As a result, ship operators' risk related to offshore windfarms did not rise in both route types and there was no significant difference in the annual probability of collision in the present traffic volume. In conditions that increased traffic volume by 3 times, 5 times and 10 times, the risk ratio increased as ship operator risk and collision probability increased at the crossing points. Furthermore, when the traffic volume of the ship increased, the risk could be more effectively distributed in the grid route compared to the cross route. The results of this study are expected to apply to the operation type, route operation method, safety measures, etc. in offshore wind farms.

• Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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• s.28
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• pp.36-45
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• 2010

While the vessel become bigger and high speed, navigational passages become narrow due to an enlargement of all sorts of new ports, sea-crossing bridges and anchorages, leading to the high probability of marine accidents. Furthermore, a constant increase in the maritime transportation and the traffic volume on the sea led to a variety of sea traffic environments and it is a trend for the demand for the sea transportation environment to increase steadily. At this point of time, the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs introduced the Korea Maritime Safety Laws evaluating the degree that The Safety Audit System for maritime transport, which evaluates the degree that all kinds of port facilities installed temporarily or installed into navigational passages, and the installations and repair constructions of S.O.C. facilities affect ships' traffic safety, was introduced through Korea Maritime Safety Laws and went into effect from November 28th, 2009. This study was performed to introduce an outline including the concept and purpose of the Maritime Safety Audit(MSA) system for maritime transport and the technological guidelines for scientific and standardized enforcement, thereby analyzing the system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.1 s.107
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Recently, many ships such as VLCCs, dangerous cargo ships, high speed ferry boats are visiting Yeosu, Gwangyang harbor. The traffic volume of the year 2003 has increased as many as 2.5 times of 1988. However there is no suitable ships' routeing system which takes account of today's traffic situations in this area This study aims at the settling of hazardous factors to mitigate the danger to vessels in Yeosu${\cdot}$Gwangyang bay and to secure the safety of maritime environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.197-204
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• 2005

Recently, many ships such as VLCCs, dangerous cargo ships, high speed ferry boats are visiting Yeosu ${\cdot}$ Gwangyang harbor. The traffic volume of the year 2003 has increased as many as 2.5 times of 1988. However there is no suitable ship's routeing system which takes account of today's traffic situations in this area. This study aims at the setting of hazardous factors to mitigate the danger to vessels in Yeosu ${\cdot}$ Gwangyang bay and to secure the safety of maritime environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

In this study, a congestion assessment was conducted to verify seasonal differences in congestion for major coastal traffic routes and fairways in major ports with GICOMS Data for 7 days without issuing a special weather report. As a result, a maximum of 11 % and 82 % are shown, with an average of 3.5 % and a 30 % seasonal difference for hourly average congestion and peak time congestion. Therefore, seasonal differences for the target area should be taken into consideration to perform further congestion assessments, particularly for maritime traffic safety assessments, and keen attention should be given to setting up safety measures against congestion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 1991

As per the rapid development of world economics the marine traffic volume was increased accordingly and caused frequent disasters in human lives and natural environment in the consequence of accidents. As the result of the above they started to establish Vessel Traffic System(VTS) and separation scheme in waterway from 1960' to prevent the marin traffic accident but the problem of safety at sea appears now as neither fully defined nor sufficiently analysed. At the present, the dominant factor in establishing the strategy of marine traffic has been safety of navigation concerning only with the ship, but the risk of society derives almost wholly from the nature of cargo. To measure the degree of danger for each ship there is suggested concept of safety factor numbers denoting the level of latent danger in connection with ship and her cargo. In this paper, where the strategy of VTS is put on controlling density of safety factor for control area. it suggested algorithms how to assign the vessels and also to get optimal sequence of vessels located to a sector in the sense of minimizing the passage delay. For the formulation of problem, min max and 0-1 programming methods are applied and developed heuristic algorithm is presented with numerical example to improve the efficiency of calculation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 1991

As increasing needs of marine transportation , world merchant fleet and ship's size were enlarged and it caused frequent disasters in human lives and natural environment. By the reason of the above, they started to establish the Vessel Traffic System (VTS) at the European coast in 1960' and most of advanced contries established and managed it to prevent the sea traffic accidents in these days. The concept of traffic control at sea can be divided into three types. First, the initial gathering of informations about ship's identity and movement etc.. Second, monitoring of the traffic flow and amendment of instructions. Third , organization and direction of ships by allocating routes and speeds. Where the goal of traffic control is safety of traffics and developing effectiveness of navigation channel, if traffic volume is less tan channel capacity then the above first or second level of control would be sufficient but if it is bigger than that , more positive policy of control should be adopted as same as third type of the above. In this paper where the strategy of VTS is focused on the control of traffic density to be spread equality, as possible , all over the navigation channels and also improvement of effectiveness , it suggests algorithm to assign the vessels to the channels with balanced traffic density , and other algorithms using D.P. to sequence the vessels assigned to one channel in optimum order which decreases the mean waiting time in sense of channel effectiveness with numerical examples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.527-534
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• 2019

Several types of mathematical analysis methods are used for port waterway risk assessment based on marine traffic volume. In Korea, a marine traffic congestion model that standardizes the size of the vessels passing through the port waterway is applied to evaluate the risk of the waterway. For example, when marine traffic congestion is high, risk situations such as collisions are likely to occur. However, a scientific review is required to determine if there is a correlation between high density of maritime traffic and a high risk of waterway incidents. In this study, IWRAP Mk2(IALA official recommendation evaluation model) and a marine traffic congestion model were used to analyze the correlation between port waterway risk and marine traffic congestion in the same area. As a result, the linear function of R2 was calculated as 0.943 and it was determined to be significant. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated as 0.971, indicating a strong positive correlation. It was confirmed that the port waterway risk and the marine traffic congestion have a strong correlation due to the influence of the common input variables of each model. It is expected that these results will be used in the development of advanced models for the prediction of port waterway risk assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.501-506
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• 2015

This study seeks to analyze ships traffic characteristics according to water time in order to provide the necessary data for efficient traffic management development. To analyze maritime traffic volume according to water time, 1 year amount of solar calendar data were converted into lunar calendar, and then applied the traditional water time system of West Sea by using AIS(Automatic Identification System) observation data gathered in Mokpo port for a year of 2013. As a result, it was found herein that the number of outbound ships was larger on the $2^{nd}-3^{nd}$ water times than the $7^{th}$ water times by 23-24 %. And the number of inbound ships was higher on the $12^{th}-13^{th}$ water times than the $9^{th}$ water time by 29-33 %. The hourly variation index of inbound and outbound ships according to time, in particular, was found to change in the form of sine function model. This study is expected to serve as a necessary basic material for development of maritime traffic management according to water time.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.173-189
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• 1997

Whether over taking or parallel sailing of two or more vessels is allowable on marine traffic route or not, the traffic congestion due to traffic volume has to be evaluated separately. In Gaduk-sudo, overtaking or parallel sailing is so allowable that the Bumper Model is introduced to evaluated the traffic congestion. But the channels within the habour limit such as the route of Ulsan New Port are so prohibited overtaking or parallel sailing that the traffic congestion has to be evaluated by using theoretical traffic capacity or by traffic simulation. In this paper, the congestion of Southern New Port and Mipo Port was evaluated the congestion by using theoretical traffic capacity and the other area of Ulsan Port by traffic simulation. The incresed traffic volumes on Ulsan Channels according to Ulsan New Port Development in 2011 were evaluated to have no effect with the traffic congestion.