• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2014

This study was conducted to observe the effects of gas composition in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf-life of Longissimus dorsi of Korean Native Black Pigs-Duroc Crossbred ($KNP{\times}D$) during refrigerated storage. Muscle sample was obtained from the left side of carcass of seven months old of $KNP{\times}D$ barrow. The sample was sliced into 1 cm in thickness, placed on trays (two slices/tray) and filled with different gas composition, i.e. 0:20:80/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP1), 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP2) and 70:20:10/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP3). Other slices of sample were vacuum packed (VP) as a control. All packs were stored at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. At 12 d of storage, pH value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and pH value of MAP1 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP. At 6 d of storage, redness ($a^*$) value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of VP and MAP1 and, at 9 and 12 d of storage, redness value of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP, MAP1, and MAP2. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of MAP3 was higher than that of MAP2 and TBARS value of MAP2 was higher than that of VP and MAP1. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, volatile basic nitrogen values of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1. At 3 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1 and, at 6 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and MAP2. However, there was no significant different total aerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 at 9 and 12 d of storage. There was no significant different total anaerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 during storage. It is concluded that the MAP containing 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ gas composition (MAP2) might be ideal for better meat quality for $KNP{\times}D$ meat.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.639-654
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• 2022

The current study investigated the effects of the most suitable modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of fermented dry sausages during 45 days of refrigeration (4℃) storage period. Treatments were vacuum-packed (control), 25% CO₂/75% N₂ (MAP1), 50% CO₂/50% N₂ (MAP2), 70% CO₂/30% N₂ (MAP3), and 100% CO₂ (MAP4). All MAP samples regardless of their CO₂ composition significantly (p<0.05) decreased in pH, a_w, total plate count, and lactic acid bacteria count values as compared to the vacuum-package during storage. The Enterobacteriaceae count in all MAP packaging was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the vacuum-packed samples and counts in MAP3 and MAP4 samples were markedly (p<0.05) lower than all other treatments in prolonged storage of 15 and 45 days. Based on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content at day 15 and 30 storage time, treatments are ranked as follows: Vacuum-packed>MAP1>MAP2>MAP3>MAP4. The a^* of MAP4 was higher than all other treatments. In the final storage days, no variation was exhibited (p>0.05) among treatments in lactic acid aroma and sourness, and MAP2 samples had the lowest (p<0.05) overall acceptability. The use of MAPs with an increase in the CO₂ from MAP1 to MAP4 samples can help in better microbial inhibition than vacuum package, and 70% CO₂/30% N₂ (MAP3) and 100% CO₂ (MAP4) were effective to maintain several quality parameters (a_w, pH, microbial inhibition, stability against lipid oxidation, and instrumental color traits) and extend the shelf life of dry fermented sausage.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.405-410
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• 2006

The digital map version 2.0 is national base map which is used for frame work data, paper map making as well as geographic information system. National Geographic Institude has been research to make small scale digital map by using large scale digital map. NGI made from 25 1/5,000 digital maps to one 1/25,000 digital map ver 2.0 with map generalization system in 2003. However, they could not make 1/10,000 and l/50,000 digital map version 2.0 because of There is no portrayal on the scale 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 digital map in the existing regulations. therefore. We create the specification of the digital map on scale in order to make small scale digital map version 2.0 such as 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 scale.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation(EST) on MAP2(Microtubule Associated Protein 2) expression in cerebral cortex following sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Twelve Sprague-Dawley adult female rats, six for control and six for experimental, were anesthetized and their sciatic nerves were crushed. The electrical stimulation (EST) was applicated with 3 Hz for 10 minuties in a day for muscles innervated sciatic nerve. The MAP2 expression in cerebral cortex was identified from immunohistochemistry against MAP2. The result of this study were as follow: 1) In control group, MAP2 immunoreactive neurons were observed but there no significant increase for 3 days. 2) MAP2 immunoreactive neurons were increased markably in experimental group than control group. 3) MAP2 immunoreactive neurons were increased markably after applicating with EST in sciatic nerve crush injury induced group from 2nd day. This study showed that the application of EST for muscles after sciatic nerve crushed injury made MAP2 immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral cortex increased. Therefore, the electrical stimulation on the peripheral site, denervated muscle, may facilitate MAP2 expression in the cerebral cortex.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권4A호
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• pp.546-552
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• 2000

터보부호의 복호기는 두 개이상의 연판정 입출력이 가능한 복호기로 구성되며, 이러한 복호기는 일정길이의 비트열에서 최적의 사후확률(a posteriori robability)을 이용한 MAP(maximum-a-posteriori) symbol estimator를 이용한다. 기존의 radix-2 MAP복호기는 아주 큰 인터리버 블록 크기로 인해 고속 통신시스템의 적용에는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 인터리버 블록크기를 줄일 수 있는 radix-2 MAP복호기를 기바으로 하는 새로운 radix-4 MAP복호기를 제안하였다. Radix-4 MAP 복호기 구조에 적용하기 위해 순방향, 역방향 state metric과 채널 metric을 제안하였으며, 가우시안 채널에서 기존의 radix-2 기반의 MAP 복호기와 성능을 비교하였다.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2020년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.257-260
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• 2020

본 논문은 단일의 옷감 이미지로 가상의 그래픽 렌더링을 위해 Pix2Pix 방법을 이용하여 Normal map 을 생성하는 방법을 제시한다. 구체적으로 단일의 이미지를 이용해서 Normal map 를 생성하기 위해, Color image 와 Normal map 쌍의 training dataset 을 Pix2Pix 방법을 이용해서 학습시킨다 또한, test dataset 의 Color image 를 입력으로 넣어 생성된 Normal map 결과를 확인한다. 그리고 선행연구에서 사용되어오던 U-Net 방식의 방법과 본 논문에서 사용한 Pix2Pix 를 이용한 Normal map 생성 결과를 SSIM(Structural Similarity Index)으로 비교 평가한다. 또한, 생성된 Normal map 을 렌더링하고자 하는 가상 객체의 사이즈에 맞게 사이즈를 조정하여 OpenGL 로 렌더링한 결과를 확인한다. 본 논문을 통해서 단일의 패턴 이미지를 Pix2Pix 로 생성한 Normal map 으로 옷감의 디테일을 사실감 있게 표현할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.761-790
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• 2021

For given spaces X and Y, let map(X, Y) and map_*(X, Y) be the unbased and based mapping spaces from X to Y, equipped with compact-open topology respectively. Then let map(X, Y ; f) and map_*(X, Y ; g) be the path component of map(X, Y) containing f and map_*(X, Y) containing g, respectively. In this paper, we compute cohomotopy groups of suspended complex plane π^n+m(ΣⁿℂP²) for m = 6, 7. Using these results, we classify path components of the spaces map(ΣⁿℂP², S^m) up to homotopy equivalence. We also determine the generalized Gottlieb groups G_n(ℂP², S^m). Finally, we compute homotopy groups of mapping spaces map(ΣⁿℂP², S^m; f) for all generators [f] of [ΣⁿℂP², S^m], and Gottlieb groups of mapping components containing constant map map(ΣⁿℂP², S^m; *).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2011

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), the cause of Johne's disease in animals, may be a causative agent of Crohn's disease (CD) in humans, but the evidence supporting this claim is controversial. Milk, meat, and water could be potential sources of MAP transmission to humans. Thus, if the link between MAP and Crohn's disease is substantiated, the fact that MAP has been detected in retail foods could be a public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to review the link between MAP and CD, the prevalence of MAP in foods, heat inactivation, control of MAP during food processing, and detection methods for MAP. Although MAP positive rates in retail milk in nine countries ranged from 0 to 2.9% by the culture method and from 4.5 to 15.5% by PCR, high temperature short time pasteurization can effectively control MAP. The effectiveness of pasteurization to inactivate MAP depends on the initial concentration of the MAP in raw milk. Development of highly sensitive and specific rapid detection methods for MAP may enhance investigation into the relationship between MAP and CD, the prevention of the spread of MAP, and problem-solving related to food safety. Collaboration and efforts by government agencies, the dairy industry, farmers, veterinarians, and scientists will be required to reduce and prevent MAP in food.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2005

Mobile IP 망의 핸드오버 지연 및 부하 감소를 위해 HMIPv6에서는 MAP을 이용하여 지역 이동성 제어 기능을 제공한다. 이동단말이 방문 망에 진입 시 새로운 MAP을 결정하는데 기존의 HMIPv6에서는 가장 먼 거리의 MAP을 우선적으로 선택하는 거리 기반 알고리즘을 사용한다. 이 방식은 소극적인 이동을 하는 단말도 가장 먼 거리의 MAP을 선택하게 하여 핸드오버 지연과 패킷 은실이 증가한다는 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 거리 기반 알고리즘에 의해 선택되는 기본 MAP 외에 2차 MAP을 이용하여 이러한 문제를 해결하는 새로운 기법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 새로운 기법과 기존의 HMIPv6 기법에서의 핸드오버 시 지연시간과 패킷 손실률에 대하여 성능 비교를 하여 본 논문에서 제안한 2차 MAP 이용 기법의 우수함을 증명하였다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2014

Mapping is a fundamental element for robotic services. There are available many types of map data representation such as grid map, metric map, topology map, etc. As more robots are deployed for services, more chances of exchanging map data among the robots emerge and standardization of map data representation (MDR) becomes more valuable. Currently, activities in developing MDR standard are underway in IEEE Robotics and Automation Society. The MDR standard is for a common representation and encoding of the two-dimensional map data used for navigation by mobile robots. The standard focuses on interchange of map data among components and systems, particularly those that may be supplied by different vendors. This paper aims to introduce MDR standard and its application to map merging. We have applied the basic structure of the MDR standard to a grid map and Voronoi graph as a kind of topology map and performed map merging between two different maps. Simulation results show that the proposed MDR is suitable for map data exchange among robots.