• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.158-168
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of 'individual' found in architecture of British Archigram Group. Although many critics and historians have judged Archigram as a simple technocrat, the concept of individual employed by Archigram since their Living City Exhibition undermine their representational works. Archigram's concept of individual was basically influenced by the European historical context since the Renaissance and at the same time by the philosophy of existentialism. Since Archigram proposed their individualistic trend In the Living City Exhibition, they have created many individualistic architecture such as Living Pod, Cushicle, Suitaloon, etc. Through these experimental projects, Archlgram's concept of individual did not intend to get rid of the society itself, but to form a society based on the individual autonomy and on the interaction between individuals. In the city of Archigram, there was ultimately the new symbiosis between individual units and this symbiosis completed new world.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2011

Soybean plants infected with Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) develop acute symptoms that usually decrease in severity over time. In other plant-virus interactions, this type of symptom recovery has been associated with degradation of viral RNAs by RNA silencing, which is accompanied by the accumulation of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In this study, changes in the accumulation of BPMV siRNAs were investigated in soybean plants infected with BPMV alone, or infected with both BPMV and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and in transgenic soybean plants expressing SMV helper component-protease (HC-Pro). In many potyviruses, HC-Pro is a potent suppressor of RNA silencing. In plants infected with BPMV alone, accumulation of siRNAs was positively correlated with symptom severity and accumulation of BPMV genomic RNAs. Plants infected with both BPMV and SMV and BPMV-infected transgenic soybean plants expressing SMV HC-Pro exhibited severe symptoms characteristic of BPMVSMV synergism, and showed enhanced accumulation of BPMV RNAs and siRNAs compared to plants infected with BPMV alone and nontransgenic plants. Likewise, SMV HC-Pro enhanced the accumulation of siRNAs produced from a silenced green fluorescent protein gene in transient expression assays, while the P19 silencing suppressor of Tomato bushy stunt virus did not. Consistent with the modes of action of HC-Pro in other systems, which have shown that HC-Pro suppresses RNA silencing by preventing the unwinding of duplex siRNAs and inhibiting siRNA methylation, these studies showed that SMV HC-Pro interfered with the activities of RNA-induced silencing complexes, but not the activities of Dicer-like enzymes in antiviral defenses.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

Three lepidopteran insect pests of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the soybean pod worm, Matsumuraeses phaseoli (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and an Ostrinia spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) attacking adzuki bean, Vigna angularis, were confirmed as the major insect pests during the reproductive developmental stage of adzuki bean, and M. vitrata existed dominantly. Almost all plants in the adzuki bean field were injured by at least one of the three species, and $15{\sim}60%$ of reproductive organs were injured. Unbloomed inflorescence occurred continuously through the reproductive stage of adzuki bean. While the flower was many at the early stage and its number soon decreased, the pod was few at the early stage, but its number increased soon and maintained at a constant level. The results suggested that the adzuki bean injured by insect pests compensate the flower loss by developing new inflorescence, but the compensation do not cause the development of new pods. While M. vitrata and M. phaseoli were observed in flowers, pods and stem mainly during the first half of reproductive stage of adzuki bean, Ostrinia spp. was observed only in pods and stem during the second half. In addition, while all instars of larvae of M. vitrata were observed, larvae between the third and fifth instars for M. pahseoli and Ostrinia spp. were observed.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2010

Recently, reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of bisphenol A (BPA) have been documented, and thus a review was requested for BPA management direction by the government. Therefore, this study was performed to establish a Korean tolerable daily intake (TDI) for BPA. An expert committee, consisting of specialists in fields such as toxicology, medicine, pharmacology, and statistics, was asked to evaluate BPA health based guidance values (HbGVs). Although many toxicological studies were reviewed to select a point of departure (POD) for TDI, rat and mouse reproductive studies by Tyl et al. (2002, 2006), which were performed according to GLP standards and OECD guidelines, were selected. This POD was the lowest value determined from the most sensitive toxicological test. The POD, a NOAEL of 5 mg/kg bw/day, was selected based on its systemic toxicity as critical effects. An uncertainty factor of 100 including interspecies and intraspecies differences was applied to calculate the TDI. According to the evaluation results, a TDI of BPA for Korean was suggested at 0.05 mg/kg bw/day. In addition, the BPA exposure level based on food consumption by the Korean population was estimated as 1.509 ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/day, and the HI was evaluated at 0.03 when the TDI of 0.05 mg/kg bw/day was applied. This HI value of 0.03 indicated that hazardous effects would not be expected from BPA oral exposures. Although highly uncertain, further studies on low dose neurobehavioral effects of BPA should be performed. In addition, it is recommended that the 'as low as reasonably achievable' (ALARA) principle be applied for BPA exposure from food packaging materials in newborn infants and children.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

Product-service system (PSS) is a system of products and service, supporting networks and infrastructure that is designed to be competitive. PSSs satisfy customers' needs more effectively and have a lower environmental impact than traditional business models. Therefore, many companies and governmental institutes are eager to implement the PSSs as a new business model. In this paper, we focus on industrial practices as new business models for the company. PSS, especially, is popular in electronic industry, so one can often observe such examples as iPod, iPhone, e-Book and etc in the field. We first thoroughly investigate the current practices of PSS in Korean electronic industry. The examples are surveyed and projected directions are given. Then, non-electronic PSSs are surveyed. Especially mechanical PSSs are intensively discussed. Based on the survey results, we propose several major development strategies of Sustainable PSS (SPSS). SPSS will bring a competitive edge for company as realization of sustainable development of PSS considering economy, society, and environment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 1980

Left atrial myxoma constitutes the most significant cardiac tumors, which occupies 30 to 50% of the total in most pathological series with the age range from 3 to 83 years, mostly between the age of 30 to 60 years. Over 90% of myxomas occur in the atria, with 3 to 4 times as many occurring in the left as in the right. They may cause severe and progressive disease mimicking mitral valvular disease with non-specific general symptoms. Recent attentions were focussed in the clinical features along with various diagnostic techniques including angiocardiography, echocardiography and cross-sectional sector scanning echocardiography, and definitive treatment with surgical removal under direct vision using cardiopulmonary bypass. There are several reports on the atrial myxomas removed from various cardiac chambers in Korea, and we report another typical case of left atrial myxoma of 6.8 x 3.8 x 1.7 cm3 attached to the upper margin of fossa ovalis with a short pedicle, also with calcification at it`s distal free end. 29 year old young mother complaining of mild fever, vaginal spotting, numbness of left upper and lower extremities, nocturnal attack of dyspnea and palpitation for 2 months was diagnosed as large left atrial myxoma with the aid of angiocardiography and echocardiography. Trans-right-atrial, transseptal surgical removal of the tumor was successfully performed under the cardiopulmonary bypass for 22 minutes on 24th of July 1980. Postoperative hospital course was uneventful and discharged from hospital on the 12th POD with complete recover from the previous symptoms and signs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.519-523
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• 2013

A steam generator (SG) tube is an important component of a nuclear power plant (NPP). It works as a pressure boundary between the primary and secondary systems. The integrity of a SG tube can be assessed by an eddy current test every outage. The eddy current technique(adopting a bobbin probe) is currently the main technique used to assess the integrity of the tubing of a steam generator. An eddy current signal analyst for steam generator tubes continuously analyzes data over a given period of time. However, there are possibilities that the analyst conducting the test may get tired and cause mistakes, such as: missing indications or not being able to separate a true defect signal from one that is more complicated. This error could lead to confusion and an improper interpretation of the signal analysis. In order to avoid these possibilities, many countries of opted for automated analyses. Axial ODSCC (outside diameter stress corrosion cracking) defects on the tubes of OPR1000 steam generators have been found on the tube that are in contract with tube support plates. In this study, automated analysis software called CDS (computer data screening) made by Zetec was used. This paper will discuss the results of introducing an automated analysis system for an axial ODSCC on the tubes of an OPR1000 steam generator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.233-235
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• 2011

Because of various style-sheet and Korean-Fonts, converting from WYSIWYG types of HTML data to forms of PDF has many limitations. In print-work areas, for printing specific fonts, it has to use CMYK colors instead of RGB colors. This paper describes about the process to make web font to printing PDF files, which is high resolution image captured document based on HTML, by using COM component feature of hardware.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.828-836
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• 2015

In this paper, the assessment technique for track accuracy in the phased array radar is proposed. It is assumed that ${\alpha}-{\beta}$ tracking filter to track the target is established in the phased array radar. In order to assess the track accuracy strictly, we should use the real target position data acquired from the special instrument, ACMI(Air Combat Maneuvering Instrument) pod or DGPS(Differential Global Positioning System). However, this method leads to increase the experiment cost and test time. We derive the relationship between the residuals of tracking filter and the standard deviations of range and angle tracking errors which are assigned as track assessment index. The theory of sample variance is introduced in this assessment because track accuracy has to be calculated with many residual samples.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.514-517
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• 2006

Purpose: To report a rare case of concealed penis that was aggravated by circumcision and simple way of treatment using skin flap. The concealed penis is a primarily pediatric disease and is usually treated by urologists. The plastic surgeons tend to see these patients when it become secondary deformation or in conjoinment with other specialties. In such situation, the plastic surgeons do not have many experiences. Methods: A 3-year-old boy was admitted with aggravated concealed penis after circumcision in congenital webbed penis. Patient had been operated with scar revision and skin flap and peri operative antibiotics. Results: The patient recovered well without any complication such as infection, hematoma and necrosis of flap. Patient was discharged POD#7 with remaining sutures. Patient was followed up for 7 months and he has no sign of erectile dysfunction, voiding dysfunction and evidence of inflammation of the urinary system. Conclusion: We experienced a case of concealed penis that was aggravated from aggressive circumcision in congenital webbed penis.