• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권3호spc1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 1992

Two different types of chemical manipulations of dobutamine were investigated in order to develop novel, improved cardiotonic drugs. Three new analogues of carbostyril, in which the m-hydroxy group of dobutamine was isosterically modified with an amide type carbostyril system, were synthesized from, ${\rho}-methoxyphenethylamine$ via multi-steps. Two analogues of (2'-aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-pyridone system which has isosteric structural similarity with dopamine without having the COMT vulnerable m-hydroxy group were synthesized via 12 synthetic steps. Their biological stabilities in various media and inotropic activities were evaluated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.894-898
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• 2001

Genetics has played a pivotal role in increasing the world food production through revolutions in plant and animal sciences. Though the attention on fisheries has been inadequate but the growing importance of modern genetic manipulations and biotechnological innovations to aquaculture has been realized. Recent advances in fish genetics and molecular biology have provided a suite of useful techniques, which have several applications in aquaculture. This paper reviews the advancement in the applications of selection, hybridization, chromosome engineering, sex control, gene transfer and molecular technologies for enhanced aquaculture productivity.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.251-259
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• 1995

In 1952, British physiologists Hodgkin and Huxley [4] derived a model that describes the conduction of the nervous impulse in the optical nerve of a squid. The mathematical analysis of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations is technically very difficult, because of the complicated nonlinear functions in the equations. In the early 1960's FitzHugh and Nagumo [2], [9] derived a simpler formulation which retains most of the qualitative features of the original system, and yet is more amenable to analytical manipulations.

• 전기의세계
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.71-72
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• 1975

A formalism of reference language and homogeneous field is constructed for Iverson Language to organize a virtual file among external media. To execute some data manipulations among these external media files must be organized homogeneously forming multi-dimensional array like single media. This paper shows some organization of reference language to build the virtual file using many external media and some examples of program and hardware organization is presented for the justification of proposals.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1992

Direct manipulations are composed of pointing operations and dragging operations. In order to find the optimum design parameters (such as C/D ratio, moving direction) for the direct manipulation of a GUI(Graphical User Interface), an ergonomic experiment was devised (2*4*3*8 design) to measure the performance of a mouse (Microsoft) and a trackball (Logitech). The results showed that the mouse was more suitable for the direct manipulation (expecially for the dragging operation) than the trackball, and the suitable C/D ratio was 10 (for the mouse) and 16 (for the trackball). Also the movement direction was a determinant factor in trackball performance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

We have developed an efficient and precise method for genome manipulations in Bacillus subtilis that allows rapid alteration of a gene sequence or multiple gene sequences without altering the chromosome in any other way. In our approach, the Escherichia coli toxin gene mazF, which was used as a counter-selectable marker, was placed under the control of a xylose-inducible expression system and associated with an antibiotic resistance gene to create a "mazF-cassette". A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated fragment, consisting of two homology regions joined to the mazF-cassette, was integrated into the chromosome at the target locus by homologous recombination, using positive selection for antibiotic resistance. Then, the excision of the mazF-cassette from the chromosome by a single-crossover event between two short directly repeated (DR) sequences, included in the design of the PCR products, was achieved by counter-selection of mazF. We used this method efficiently and precisely to deliver a point mutation, to inactivate a specific gene, to delete a large genomic region, and to generate the in-frame deletion with minimal polar effects in the same background.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2018

Objectives : In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the needle forces using needle insertion-measurement system and compared the needle sensation of each acupuncture practical model. Methods : After inserting acupuncture with a sensor to six models, a lifting-thrusting motion was implemented using the needle insertion-measurement system. The needle force was measured repeatedly, and the measurement was analyzed based on the modified Karnopp friction model for a comparison of friction coefficients. After the insertion, practitioners did lifting-thrusting manipulations. They quantified the similarity of needle sensation with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Results : When friction force and coefficients of friction in five different models were compared with a porcine shank model, all five models were significantly different from a porcine shank model, cotton and apple showing the closest frictional values to that of a porcine shank model. In the Cp and Cn values of cotton and in the Cp values of IM injection pad, there was no statistically significant difference. The similarity of the needle sensation between the porcine shank and five models was the highest in the apple, and overlapping papers was the lowest. Conclusions : This study quantitatively compared the physical forces in the practical model when implementing lifting-thrusting manipulations, using a needle insertion-measurement system. We suggest that a reproducible exercise model that reflects the characteristics of various human tissues, such as viscoelasticity or strength, needs to be further developed. This will contribute to establishing standardized acupuncture practice training.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.261-275
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• 2011

본 연구는 방정식을 배우지 않은 초등학교 5학년 학생들이 일차방정식을 조작적으로 해결하는 과정에서 자신의 분수scheme과 조작을 어떻게 사용하고 있으며 계수와 상수가 복잡해짐에 따라 어떠한 분수scheme과 조작을 사용하는지 알아봄으로써 산술과 대수 사이의 간격을 줄이고 대수적 사고와 산술과의 연결성을 강화하고자 하였다. 초등학교 5학년 학생 두 명을 사례연구하여 일차방정식을 조작적으로 해결하는 과정을 면밀하게 분석하였다. 분석결과 학생들은 계수와 상수에 따라 다양한 조작과 분수 scheme를 사용하였으며 특히, 일차방정식의 해결에서 핵심전략인 동시에 대수적 사고와 연결되는 미지수와 주어진 량 사이의 동치관계를 세우는 데 반복 분수 scheme이 필요했다. 그리고 동치관계를 세우고 나서 미지수를 찾는데 동치분수가 중요한 역할을 하였다.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report clinical effects of Lumbar flexion-distraction manipulation and Sitting position thoracic and lumbar vertebra adjustment manipulation on patient with Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis Methods : The patients have been treated with the above two Chuna manual manipulations. We measured Cobb's angle, VNRS before and after treatment Results : After treatment, we confirmed these transition : In first case, Cobb's angle of T-spine changed from 27 to 23 : Cobb's angle of L-spine changed from 17 to 10 : VNRS changed from 6 to 2. In second case Cobb's angle of T-spine changed from 30 to 21 : Cobb's angle of L-spine changed from 16 to 16 : VNRS chagned from 6 to 3 Conclusion : The result suggests that these two Chuna manual manipulations were effective treatment on patients with Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2021

본 연구는 초등학생들이 공학도구를 활용하여 측정으로서의 분수의 과제를 해결하는 과정을 분석하고 해결전략의 변화 과정에 대해서 논의하였다. 초등학생 13명을 대상으로 과제 중심의 임상면담을 실시하였고, 특히 분수를 처음 학습한 3학년 학생들의 측정 문제 해결 전략을 심층분석하였다. 그 결과, 추측하기에서 반복적인 분할하기, 임의의 단위 사용에서 주어진 단위 사용과 같은 두 가지 프로파일이 발견되었다. 각 프로파일의 대표적인 사례를 바탕으로, 공학도구의 활용이 역동적인 단위 개념을 형성하는데 기여하고 또한 분수와 관련된 의미형성과정에 드래깅과 같은 수학적 조작 활동이 영향을 줄 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과가 분수의 다양한 의미를 탐구하고 학습하는 후속 연구를 위한 밑거름이 되길 기대한다.