• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.276-291
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• 2002

The contents of geographical education present too inclusive and abstract regard as criteria in an existing curriculum. And geographical education oneself's system is difficult because they are set to the one part of educational side. This study pursuit to make content standard of geographical education based on geography as an alternative. This paper present standard setting up 5 steps. They are Ultimate Theme, Basic Theme, Major Standard, Standard, Detailed Standard. Ultimate Theme is discern geographical education whole : understand of interaction human and environment, understand of place and region, understand of interaction human and region. Basic Theme is concrete of ultimate theme ; geographical skill, physical environment, human environment, place and region, interaction of human and region. Standard is concrete and measurable level of basic theme, it is consist of three steps in Major Standard, Standard, Detailed Standard tv level of specification. Major Standard is consist of 17 item, Standard is 48 item, and Detailed Standard is detailed to unit level.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

CALS is a strategy to share integrated product data through a set of standards to achieve efficiencies in business and operational mission areas. In this research, we first studied current status for CALS standard and then analyzed the case of US DoD. The results can be summarized as implementing for two major standard in defense CALS system. They are STEP and XML. Our recommendations can be used to set direction for CALS standard implementation and standard selection process.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.167-186
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• 1982

Financial barrier is well known as a determinant of the perceived need for and utilization of medical care in urban areas. This study aims to; a) estimate the levels of the perceived need for and utilization of medical care, b) analyze the reasons for not receiving medical care, and c) determine factors affecting the levels of need and utilization, and major reasons for not receiving medical care. The data of household interview survey in urban areas collected for a National Survey on Reorganization of Nationwide Health Care Delivery Network is used. An interview was conducted with a total of 2, 538 households in urban areas during a 28 day period of October through November, 1981, giving an overall response rate of 99 percent. The results show a factor of third-party payer is most influential to utilization (physician visits by patient), and living standard is a determinant to explain the variance of major reasons for not receiving medical care. Therefore, financial burden is still a major determent in utilization of medical care in urban areas. Improved level of living standard and expanded coverage of the third-party payer such as health insurance and public medical assistance will increase both an overall levels of utilization of and the need for medical care in urban areas in the future. The major statistics are as follows; a) rate of the need for medical care during a 15 day period per 100 persons was 33 percent: the differential rates appeared in sex, age, living standard, and third- party payer variables, b) percent of treatment employed per 100 persons who are wanting medical care was 82: the percents were high in young ages, high levels of living standard and education, and persons covered by third-party payer, and c) economic reasons for not receiving medical care per 100 persons who are wanting medical care were occupied with 60 percent: the rates are high in old ages, low levels of living standard and persons not covered by third-party payer.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.78-82
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• 2011

This study present the standard curriculum for civil engineering considering korean education environment. The flow charts of USA's 20 universities and Korea's 6 universities are investigated. The standard curriculum are proposed based on the civil engineering curriculum of USA and Korea though analyzing of subject division, major field, and major subject. The proposed standard curriculum is expected when used to improve korean universities curriculum.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Objectives: The major objectives of this study are to review the U.S. Standard which affected Korean worker's Right-to-Know Standard and to propose the way of improving the reliability of MSDS and labels. Methods: To review the U.S. Standard historically, we used the Federal Register, other criteria documentation and peer-reviewed literatures. Then we analysed major issues in the historical debatement on the worker's Right-to-Know Standard. Results: Korean MSDS Standard benchmarked the U.S. Hazard Communication Standard which finally established by President Reagan in 1983. Reagan's Hazard Communication Standard was aimed to preempt States Right-to-Know Acts for chemical industry and not to improve the awareness of workers on chemical hazards. Too much protection on trade secrets and low reliability of hazard information were key problems of the U.S. Standard. Conclusions: We recommend some ways to improve Korean MSDS and Label Standard. First, A new analysis frame is needed to understand the U.S Standard. Second, hazard identification is the key element of reliable information and chemical name and CAS number should be on the label of the container. Third, trade secrets should be limited to low hazardous substances and be permitted by government before the chemical product is on the market.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2015

Purpose: The following study analyzes the mediating effects of professionalism on the relationship between major selection conviction and career decision level of dental technology students. It is to be used as basic data for improvement of the students' career decision level and an effective way to train professionals of the colleges. Methods: The survey was conducted on dental technology students. The collected data was analyzed by the statistical program SPSS 18.0. The results were analyzed by reliability, frequency, multiple-way ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression. To test for significance on each item, p<0.05 has been decided as a standard. Results: The analysis shows that the students' age and clinical practice experience bring a significant difference in major selection conviction, career decision level and professionalism. Professionalism has been found to bring significance mediating effects in relation to major selection conviction and career decision level. Conclusion: To improve the quality and pride as a professional as well as satisfaction with major selection can be expected to raise the standard of the students' career decision level.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.7.1-7.14
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• 2023

Background: At present, no short standard questionnaire exists for assessing and comparing major work organization hazards in the workplaces of the United States. Methods: We conducted a series of psychometric tests (content validity, factor analysis, differential-item functioning analysis, reliability, and concurrent validity) to validate and identify core items and scales for major work organization hazards using the data from the 2002-2014 General Social Surveys (GSSs), including the Quality of Worklife (QWL) questionnaire. In addition, an extensive literature review was undertaken to find other major work organization hazards which were not addressed in the GSS. Results: Although the overall validity of the GSS-QWL questionnaire was satisfactory in the psychometric tests, some GSS-QWL items of work-family conflict, psychological job demands, job insecurity, use of skills on the job, and safety climate scales appeared to be weak. In the end, 33 questions (31 GSS-QWL and 2 GSS) were chosen as the least, but best validated core questions and included in a new short standard questionnaire (called the Healthy Work Survey [HWS]). And their national norms were established for comparisons. Furthermore, based on the literature review, fifteen more questions for assessing other significant work organization hazards (e.g., lack of scheduling control, emotional demands, electronic surveillance, wage theft) were included in the new questionnaire. Thus, the HWS includes 48 questions in total for assessing traditional and emerging work organization hazards, which covers seven theoretical domains: work schedule/arrangement, control, support, reward, demands, safety, and justice. Conclusions: The HWS is a short standard questionnaire for assessing work organization hazards which can be used as a first step toward the risk management of major work organization hazards in the workplaces of the US.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

Garlic is one of the major seasoning vegetables in Korea and consumed mostly in a form of peeled cloves. Conventional Korean standards for garlic grading consist of four classes according to the size of bulb and its shape. Sorting and grading of garlic are manually done but could be in the process of automated mechanization using machine vision system in the near future. The proportion of mass of cloves in a garlic bulb to the volume of the bulb (g/ml) was determined to find out the best way of representing both the quantity and quality of cloves in each bulb. Garlic bulb was assumed as an ellipsoid and its major and minor axis and its height were measured to calculate its volume. The mass proportions and density of a garlic bulb and cloves were measured for four domestic varieties of garlic to propose it as a standard for Korean garlic grading machine.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.197-198
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• 1998

We tested the capability of Pointwise Correlation Dimension(PD2), Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and LZ complexity, as alternative measures of a biological signal. For this purpose, we analyzed standard data and a healthy child's 24-hour heart rate variability. Our conclusion is as follows. First, PD2, ApEn and LZ complexity can be used for discerning chaotic attractor, white noise, and periodic signal. Second, these measures show different characteristics on day and night. Third, these measures can be used for detecting time-varying characteristics of biological signals.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.159-171
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• 1996

Nowadays, multimedia and Hypermedia become hot topics in information industry. Due to high capacity of media storage and fast communication network, it is possible to exchange text data as well as image, moving picture and voice. Especially to apply hypermedia under CALS standard environment, the relation between international standard and CALS standard needs to be considered. This study introduces conceptual background and processing model of HyTime (Hypermedia Time-based Structuring Language) which is a specification of hypermedia exchange, Hyper ODA (Hyper Open Document Architecture) which is a major multimedia communication basis, MMCF (Multimedia Communication Forum), AHM(Amsterdam Hypermedia Model), and DSRM(DAVIC System Reference Model) reference model which helps determination of hypermedia communication specification Although they are international standard, provisional standard or non-standard, it discusses the Possibility of adopting them as CALS standard. Hence, this paper chooses the best recommend for CALS among these models.