• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.720-731
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• 2001

Complexity metrics have been developed for the structured paradigm of software development are not suitable for use with the object-oriented(OO) paradigm, because they do not support key object-oriented concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism. message passing and encapsulation. There are many researches on OO software metrics such as program complexity or design metrics. But metrics measuring the complexity of classes at the OO analysis phase are needed because they provide earlier feedback to the development project. and earlier feedback means more effective developing and less costly maintenance. In this paper, we propose the new metrics to measure the complexity of analysis classes which draw out in the analysis based on RUP(Rational Unified Process). By the collaboration complexity, is denoted by CC, we mean the maximum number of the collaborations can be achieved with each of the collaborator and determine the potential complexity. And the interface complexity, is denoted by IC, shows the difficulty related to understand the interface of collaborators each other. We verify theoretically the suggested metrics for Weyuker's nine properties. Moreover, we show the computation results for analysis classes of the system which automatically respond to questions of the user using the text mining technique. As a result of the comparison of CC and CBO and WMC suggested by Chidamber and Kemerer, the class that have highly the proposed metric value maintain the high complexity at the design phase too. And the complexity can be represented by CC and IC more than CBO and WMC. We can expect that our metrics may provide us the earlier feedback and hence possible to predict the efforts, costs and time required to remainder processes. As a result, we expect to develop the cost-effective OO software by reviewing the complexity of analysis classes in the first stage of SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3487-3493
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• 2009

The degree of depression of dental hygienist was analyzed to reveal the various factors related to them. The self-administered between June 1st, and 30st, 2009, questionnaires were filled out from 221 dental hygienist in D City. 1.The distribution for depression degree has shown the rate as 79.1% in normal range group, 15.4% in mild depression group, 4.1% in moderate depression group and 1.4% in severe depression group, 2.As for depression, junior college, lower salary, poor sense satisfaction in work, not fit to the job, low personal relation with peer works or supervisors, poor subjective condition of health, without regular eating habits, without alcohol drinking, without regular exercise, in the group with higher level of job demand, lower job autonomy and lower supervisor support than their respective counterparts. 3.Concerning correlation between depression and various factors, while level of depression correlated with was negatively sense satisfaction, fit to the job, personal relation with peer works or supervisors, subjective condition of health, spervisor support, coworker support, it was positively correlated with job demand. Resulting from these results, in order to resolve depression properly, implementation and maintenance of program should be renewed to improve various kinds of factors.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.724-736
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• 2012

This study was intended to investigate the sodium-related perception, dietary behavior, and practicability of methods for reducing sodium intake(RSI) according to the stage of change in consumers. The survey was conducted to 770 housewives, among them 553 subjects who answered the key questions for the stage of change were categorized into 'Maintenance (M)' stage (maintaining reduced salt intake for more than 6 months; n = 287, 51.90%), 'Action (A)' stage (maintaining reduced salt intake for less than 6 months; n=139, 25.14%), and 'Pre-Action (P)' stage (not starting reduced salt intake; n = 127, 22.97%). The subjects in M and A were significantly older than those in P (p < 0.01). The scores of desirable dietary habit and dietary balance were the highest in M followed by A and P. When eating out, the subjects in P considered 'price' more and 'healthiness of food' less than those in M and A did. Among the guidelines for RSI, 'Avoid Processed Foods', 'Eat enough vegetables and fruits' and 'Add little amount of dipping sauce for fried food' were selected as the three easiest items to perform. With regard to the sodium-related perception, the subjects in M considered eating-out food to be more salty than homemade dishes, read nutrition labels more, avoided table salt or dipping sauce for fried food more, and had 'own low-sodium recipe' than those in P (p < 0.001). It is suggested that practicability of actions for RSI and the stage of change should be considered to develop effective personalized education program and nutrition guidance.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2011

Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage was analyzed for the export quality of 'Fuji' apples after 8-month storage. Apples were harvested from two orchards located in different regions at relatively late stage of maturity for long-term storage. Fruit were treated with 1 ${\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP and then stored in $0^{\circ}C$ air or CA with 1.5 kPa $O_2$ and < 1.0 kPa $CO_2$ for 8 months. To simulate poststorage export process such as 2-week refrigerated container shipment plus 7-day local distribution, fruit were put in $0^{\circ}C$ air storage for additional two weeks and then on the shelf for 7 days at $20^{\circ}C$. Both the 1-MCP treatment and CA storage reduced respiration and ethylene evolution after storage and shipping simulation, and successfully maintained titratable acidity and flesh firmness even after the export process. In 'Fuji' apples harvested after adequate stage of maturity for long-term storage, however, 1-MCP treatment alone seemed not to be satisfactory for the maintenance of sensorial fruit texture for export market. CA storage or 1-MCP treatment/CA storage combination program should be applied for lately harvested 'Fuji' apples exported after eight months storage.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.4 s.118
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• pp.489-497
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• 2006

The feasibility of the Natural and Ecological Wastewater treatment System (NEWS) was examined for rural wastewater treatment in Korea. The intermittent trickling biofilter with high hydrophilic filter media was used for pretreatment for suspended solids and organic pollutants. The subsequent constructed wetland with porous granule materials was used for promoting nutrient removal. The results show that the removal efficiencies of the system were high with respect to the water quality parameters except COD. Even if the effluent from the biofilter did not meet the guidelines for wastewater treatment plant effluent in Korea in terms of $BOD_5$ and TN, the final effluent of the system meets the guidelines us to good performance of the constructed wetland. The regression analysis between pollutant loading rate and removal rate indicated that the system could have stable removal for SS, $BOD_5$, TN, and TP in the given influent ranges. The analysis in the winter period indicated that the wetland covered with transparent polycarbonate glass had the statble performance during the winter period dus to increase of temperature inside the wetland without any heating system. With the stable performance, effective poilutant removal, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, the NEWS could be considered as an alternative treatment system for decentralized regions and rural communities in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2006

Objective: This study was performed to identify the related factors of change affecting the stage of change, on the assumption that there are various stages of change in the exercise behavior of workers. Method: The subjects of the study consisted of 138 workers of 10 workplaces located in Daejeon City, and data collected by using questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 11.5 program. Results: The subjects were distributed in the stage of exercise behavior change as follows: precontemplation stage(10.9%), contemplation stage(22.5%), preparation stage(41.3%), action stage(8.7%), and maintenance stage(16.7%). Of the process of change depending on the stage of exercise behavior change, the consciousness raising(F=11.50, p=.00), dramatic relief(F=2.82, p=.02) showed significant difference in the cognitive process, and the counter conditioning(F=4.56, p=.00), reinforcement management(F=4.64, p=.00), self-liberation(F=9.46, p=.00), and stimulus control(F=13.28, p=.00) showed significant difference in the behavioral process. For decision-making depending on the stage of exercise behavior change, both the pros of decision-making(F=9.23, p=.00) and the cons of decision-making(F=2.45, p=.04) showed significant difference. Self-efficacy depending on the stage of exercise behavior change showed significant difference as F=11.50, p=.00. The related factors of change affecting the stage of exercise behavior change were the pros of decision-making, the cons of decision-making, and self-efficacy including 34.1% R-square. Conclusion: In order to change the exercise behavior of workers positively, they need to be stimulated to use the cognitive and behavioral process in the process of change properly, and to be induced to make a decision positively. And also exercise programs suitable to various characteristics of each worker as well as those of workplaces to enhance self-efficacy need to be applied after being devised. Through the further longitudinal research, it is necessary to analyze the various aspects, such as groups to select, to maintain, to stop or give up the exercise, and to avoid the change, and to study how the related factors of change affect diversity like the above.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.552-562
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of apartment complex management and residential quality on the residents' residential satisfaction and recommendation intentions. A survey was conducted on the residents of an apartment complex in Doan, Daejeon. Statistical analysis was analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out to verify the validity of the measurement tools for apartment complex management, residential quality, living satisfaction, and recommendation intention. The Cronbach's α coefficient was evaluated to verify the reliability of the measurement tools. Multi-regression analyses were conducted to verify the research hypotheses. As a result, the following main results were derived. First, maintenance factors and living management factors among apartment complex management factors were found to have a significant effect on the residents' residential satisfaction. Second, among the factors of residential quality in apartment complexes, convenience, safety, comfortability, and economy had a significant effect on residential satisfaction. Third, residential satisfaction had a significant effect on the recommendation intention. Overall, the factors of apartment complex management and residential quality affecting residential satisfaction and recommendation intentions were derived.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2016

Production of iodine-131 by neutron activation of tellurium in tellurium dioxide ($TeO_2$) material requires a target that meets the safety requirements. In a radiopharmaceutical production unit, a new lid for a can was designed, which permits tight sealing of the target by using tungsten inert gaswelding. The leakage rate of all prepared targets was assessed using a helium mass spectrometer. The accepted leakage rate is ${\leq}10^{-4}mbr.L/s$, according to the approved safety report related to iodine-131 production in the TRIGA Mark II research reactor (TRIGA: Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics). To confirm the resistance of the new design to the irradiation conditions in the TRIGA Mark II research reactor's central thimble, a study of heat effect on the sealed targets for 7 hours in an oven was conducted and the leakage rates were evaluated. The results show that the tightness of the targets is ensured up to $600^{\circ}C$ with the appearance of deformations on lids beyond $450^{\circ}C$. The study of heat transfer through the target was conducted by adopting a one-dimensional approximation, under consideration of the three transfer modes-convection, conduction, and radiation. The quantities of heat generated by gamma and neutron heating were calculated by a validated computational model for the neutronic simulation of the TRIGA Mark II research reactor using the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code. Using the heat transfer equations according to the three modes of heat transfer, the thermal study of I-131 production by irradiation of the target in the central thimble showed that the temperatures of materials do not exceed the corresponding melting points. To validate this new design, several targets have been irradiated in the central thimble according to a preplanned irradiation program, going from4 hours of irradiation at a power level of 0.5MWup to 35 hours (7 h/d for 5 days a week) at 1.5MW. The results showthat the irradiated targets are tight because no iodine-131 was released in the atmosphere of the reactor building and in the reactor cooling water of the primary circuit.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.624-637
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• 2020

High-quality and high-phytonutrient watermelon fruits have strong market opportunities besides their health related benefits. Hence, investigating quality and nutritional related traits of watermelon genetic resources could provide important baseline data in breeding for increased lycopene content thereby increasing the marketability of watermelon. To this end, we have examined some fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of 105 genetic resources. Seeds, originally obtained from 22+ countries, were obtained from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Jeonju, South Korea, grown in an experimental field and harvested at a fully mature stage. The size of pistil scar (SPS), the width of stripes (WS), weight of fruit (WF), length of fruit (LF), width of fruit (WIF), the thickness of pericarp (TP), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit shape in longitudinal section, ground color of skin, the intensity of the green color of skin, fruit shape at the apical part, grooving distribution, conspicuousness of stripes, and main color of the flesh were recorded on the field and inside laboratory and the lycopene was measured using spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Watermelon fruits have shown a diverse morphological characters. Red and pink fleshed fruits dominated in the entire collections. Fruits with higher thickness of rind were found to exhibit less soluble solid content (SSC). Korean origin fruits were characterized by intermediate SSC while the United States of America (USA), Russia (RUS), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM), Taiwan (TWN), and Uruguay (URY) originated fruits had the highest SSC. The lycopene content varied between 41.37 and 182.82 ㎍/g, 2.81 and 163.72 ㎍/g, and 3.54 and 255.47 ㎍/g using HPLC, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and microplate reader spectrophotometer, respectively. Red- and pink-fleshed fruits had the highest levels of lycopene content compared to the yellow- and orange-fleshed. Lycopene content had a significant positive correlation with SSC, however, no correlations were detected between lycopene and other quantitative fruit morphological characters. Our study demonstrated high diversity exists in fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of the germplasm collections which provide beneficial baseline data for a future breeding program and utilization of watermelon germplasm collections in gene banks for the maintenance and improvement of the current levels of production, marketability, and health-related benefit of watermelon fruits.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.41-52
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• 2015

MOLIT (Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) authorized Indoor Spatial Information as Basic spatial information in 2013. It became a legal evidence for constructing and managing Indoor Spatial Information. Although it has a little advantage to utilize as service level that Indoor Spatial Information by laser scan or measurement, it has a lot of problems such as consuming many resources, requiring additional progresses for inputting Object Information. In conclusion, it is inefficient to utilize for the maintenance and domestic AEC/FM field. The purposes of this study is to output Indoor Spatial Information by operating IFC model which based on open BIM and to improve availability of Indoor Spatial Information with data visualization. The open-sources of IFC Exporter, a inner program of Revit (Autodesk Inc), is used to output Indoor Spatial Information. Directs 3D Library is also operated to visualize Indoor Spatial Information. It is possible to inter-operate between XML format and the objects of Indoor Spatial Information. It can be utilized in various field as well. For example COBie linkage in facility management, construction of geo-database using air-photogrammetry of UAV (Unmaned Areal Vehicle), the simulation of large-scale military operations and the simulation of large-scale evacuation. The method that is purposed in this study has outstanding advantages such as conformance with national spatial information policy, high level of interoperability as indoor spatial information objects based on IFC, convenience of editing information, light level of data and simplifying progress of producing information.