• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.209-220
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• 2016

While the services of mobile devices like smart phone, tablet, and smart watch have been increased and varied, the software embedded into such devices has been also increased in size and functional complexity. Therefore, increasing operation time of mobile devices for serviceability became an important issue due to the limitation of battery power. Recent studies focus on the software development having efficient behavioral patterns because the energy consumption of mobile devices is caused by software behaviors which control the hardware operations. However, it is often difficult to develop the embedded software with considering energy-efficiency and behavior optimization due to the short development cycle of the mobile services in many cases. Therefore, this paper proposes the refactoring techniques for reducing energy consumption, and enables to fulfill the energy requirements during software development and maintenance. We defined energy bad smells with the code patterns that can excessively consume the energy, and our refactoring techniques are to remove these bad smells. We performed some case studies to verify the usefulness of our refactoring techniques.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1529-1540
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• 2011

Silencing of a specific gene using RNAi (RNA interference) is a valuable tool for functional analysis of a target gene. However, information on RNAi for analysis of gene function in farm animals is relatively nil. In the present study, we have validated the interfering effects of siRNA (small interfering RNA) using both quantitative and qualitative gene silencing in buffalo granulosa cells. Qualitative gene knockdown was validated using a fluorescent vector, enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and fluorescently labeled siRNA (Cy3) duplex. While quantitatively, siRNA targeted against the luciferase and CYP19 mRNA was used to validate the technique. CYP19 gene, a candidate fertility gene, was selected as a model to demonstrate the technique optimization. However, to sustain the expression of CYP19 gene in culture conditions using serum is difficult because granulosa cells have the tendency to luteinize in presence of serum. Therefore, serum free culture conditions were optimized for transfection and were found to be more suitable for the maintenance of CYP19 gene transcripts in comparison to culture conditions with serum. Decline in fluorescence intensity of green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was observed following co-transfection with plasmid generating siRNA targeted against EGFP gene. Quantitative decrease in luminescence was seen when co-transfected with siRNA against the luciferase gene. A significant suppressive effect on the mRNA levels of CYP19 gene at 100 nM siRNA concentration was observed. Also, measurement of estradiol levels using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) showed a significant decline in comparison to control. In conclusion, the present study validated gene silencing using RNAi in cultured buffalo granulosa cells which can be used as an effective tool for functional analysis of target genes.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6D
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• pp.867-874
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• 2011

The ballast abrasion occurs on the ballasted track upon bridges more than soil roadbed because the track vibration occurs a lot in the ballasted track upon bridges due to girder vibration when a train's weight is loaded onto track even though the identical ballast is used. The phenomena of mud pumping especially, which occurs when drainage is not properly secured for heavy rain, leads to the increase of maintenance work load and the decline of ride comfort. The ballast thickness range in domestic railroad construction rule is uniformly set up according to the design speed of railroad and passing tonnage of train without considering field conditions which is considered in foreign railroad companies. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of vibration decrease by measuring the acceleration, displacement and ride comfort of ballasted track with the change of ballast thickness on the ballast tracked bridges and to suggest the optimal height of ballast on the Yocheon Bridge built for the test in Honam Line.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.409-413
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• 2014

GIS partial discharge that occurred in the UHF band signal is effectively detected by the method to IEC60270 5pc the apparent minimum discharge can be detected over the GIS arrangement of the sensor interior and exterior of the UHF in accordance with the optimized position signal by considering the damping ratio is selected so that the signals can be obtained to be mounted. 362kV, 800kV GIS is installed on the internal and external sensors are UHF band signal attenuation is set by measuring the reference value, but the operation, 170kV case 362kV, 800kV on the basis of the measurement data and to be installed and operated. When 170kV per 1Bay by installing the built-in sensor 1 for detecting a partial discharge signal, But, GIS signal attenuation is large in the case of an internal partial discharge signal is not detected in some cases. Where the attenuation is great UHF signal of the sensor by increasing the quantity of partial discharge signals were acquired to allow relocation. The greater the spacing between the sensor and the sensor is applied simplifies the installation and reduces the cost in terms of maintenance of appropriate optimal position is calculated to detect the partial discharge signal is needed. Thus 170kV GIS signal power attenuation of a partial discharge by measuring the UHF sensor, and by relocating the proper position is calculated in accordance with the sensor signal decay rate and minimize the error of omission in detecting a partial discharge signal was optimized.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.355-360
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• 2000

A UVmutant of Candida rugosa IF00750 was made and used to convert butYlic acid to D-$\beta$-hydroxybutyric acid(D-$\beta$-HBA). Major regulating factors for D-$\beta$-HBA fennentation were investigated via chemostat analyses. The maximum specific productivity was achieved at a specific growth rate of $0.06h^{-1}$ where the glucose and butyric acid concentrations in the fermentor were 10 g/L and 8.7 g/L. respectively. A fed-batch fennentation was performed with maintenance of the optimum glucose and butyric acid concentrations. The D-$\beta$-HBA concentration after 120 h of cultivation reached 12.4 g/L, which was 4.7 times greater illan the concentration obtained by batch fermentation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.410-413
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• 2007

Information Technology(IT) was introduced to the business as a means of improving operational efficiency. Nowadays, IT has become an essential component of an organization's survival. Almost no operations of an organization can be performed without IT. The benefits of using IT in organizations can not be underestimated. Some organizations have flourished because of the competitive advantages derived from the IT systems they have developed. Most IT systems, however, have been extended, changed and integrated with ad-hoc and makeshift solutions without thinking long-range view. It results in high maintenance cost and uncontrolled system for managing information resources. Especially, public institutions under the Project-Based System (PBS) have some problems in keeping a good management systems for information resource, because they are usually operated for a set period. Therefore, we propose the framework how to efficiently manage the IT assets and resources based on the Information Technology Architecture (ITA) that is introduced for the overall optimization of IT investment, change management and inter-operability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.539-549
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• 2017

In water treatment process using microfiltration membranes, manganese is a substance that causes inorganic membrane fouling. As a result of analysis on the operation data taken from I WTP(Water Treatment Plant), it was confirmed that the increase of TMP was very severe during the period of manganese inflow. The membrane fouling fastened the increase of TMP and shortened the service time of filtration or the cleaning cycle. The TMP of the membrane increased to the maximum of $2.13kgf/cm^2$, but it was recovered to the initial level ($0.17kgf/cm^2$) by the 1st acid cleaning step. It was obvious that the main membrane fouling contaminants are due to inorganic substances. As a result of the analysis on the chemical waste, the concentrations of aluminum(146-164 mg/L) and manganese(110-126 mg/L) were very high. It is considered that aluminum was due to the residual unreacted during coagulation step as a pretreatment process. And manganese is thought to be due to the adsorption on the membrane surface as an adsorbate in feed water component during filtration step. For the efficient maintenance of the membrane filtration facilities, optimization of chemical concentration and CIP conditions is very important when finding the abnormal level of influent including foulants such as manganese.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.6 s.44
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• pp.289-298
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• 2006

Many researches are going on with regard to issues and problems related to mobile database systems, which are caused by the weak connectivity of wireless networks, the mobility and the portability of mobile clients. Mobile computing satisfies user's demands for convenience and performance to use information at any time and in any place, but it has many problems to be solved in the aspect of data management. The purpose of our study is to design Mobile Continuous Query Processing System(MCQPS) to solve problems related to database hoarding, the maintenance of shared data consistency and the optimization of logging, which are caused by the weak connectivity and disconnection of wireless networks inherent in mobile database systems under mobile client server environments. We proved the superiority of the proposed MCQPS by comparing its performance to the C I S(Client-Intercept-Slaver) model. In Addition, we experiment on proposed index structure and methodology in various methods.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

Since the operation period of nuclear power plants has increased, the degradation of buried pipes gradually increases and recently it seems to be one of the emerging issues. Maintenance on buried pipes needs high quality of management system because outer surface of buried pipe contacts the various soils but inner surface reacts with various electrolytes of fluid. In the USA, USNRC and EPRI have tried to manage the degradation of buried pipes. However, there is little knowledge about the inspection procedure, test and manage program in the domestic nuclear power plants. This paper focuses on the development and build-up of real-time monitoring and control system of buried pipes. Pipes to be tested are tape-coated carbon steel pipe for primary component cooling water system, asphalt-coated cast iron pipe for fire protection system, and pre-stressed concrete cylinder pipe for sea water cooling system. A control system for cathodic protection was installed on each test pipe which has been monitored and controlled. For the calculation of protection range and optimization, computer simulation was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics (Altsoft co.).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a heterogenous mission allocation technique for multi-UAV system based on discrete event modeling. We model a series of heterogenous mission creation, mission allocation, UAV departure, mission completion, and UAV maintenance and repair process as a mathematical discrete event model. Based on the proposed model, we then optimize the number of UAVs required to operate in a given scenario. To validate the optimized number of UAVs, the simulations are executed repeatedly, and their results are analyzed. The proposed mission allocation technique can be used to efficiently utilize limited UAV resources, and allow the human operator to establish an optimal mission plan.