• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제9권11호
• /
• pp.465-474
• /
• 2009

비점오염원의 유출량을 파악하기 위하여 대상지의 토지피복 현황을 잘 파악할 수 있는 위성영상자료를 사용하려는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 수문 유출모형에 사용되는 인자와 부합되는 토지피복 분류항목이 되지 못한 채 단순한 분류항목으로만 사용되거나, 육안 해석용으로만 적용되는 한계가 있다. 이 같은 상황에서 위성영상으로부터 수문유출 모형에 실질적으로 적용할 수 있는 토지피복 분류항목을 설정하여, 위성영상을 통한 효과적인 비점오염원 관리가 이루어질 수 있도록 하였다. 수문유출 모형에서 사용하고 있는 토지피복 항목을 파악하기 위하여 비점오염원 유출모델의 주요 인자, 선행연구에서 사용된 토지피복 항목, 그리고 국내외 각 기관에서 제시하고 있는 토지피복 분류체계에 대한 내용을 조사하였다. 이를 통해 비점오염원에 의한 원단위, 유출곡선지수의 토지피복 계수, 토양유실량 예측공식의 식생인자, Manning의 조도계수 등의 인자들이 위성영상으로부터 추출하여 적용할 수 있는 토지피복 정보임을 파악할 수 있었다. 이러한 과정을 거쳐 위성영상으로부터 수문유출모형에 적용할 수 있는 토지피복 분류항목을 설정하였다. 또한 이 결과가 우리나라의 환경에 적절한 것인지를 검증하기 위하여 국내 수문유출모형 관련 기관의 전문가로부터 토지피복 분류항목의 적정성에 대한 자문 과정을 거쳐 결정하였다. 연구대상지는 우리나라의 대표적인 습지로 비점오염원 관리체계가 필요한 우포늪의 토평천 유역을 대상지로 하였다. 토지피복 분류항목을 적용할 위성영상으로는 분광 해상도가 높은 Landsat ETM Plus 영상과 공간 해상도가 높은 SPOT-5 영상을 사용하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.237-388
• /
• 1992

This study was done to identify the degree of congruence between nurses and patients on patients' health problems. The purposes of this study were 1. To compare the health problems of parturient women as identified by interview and in the nursing record. 2. To compare the health problems of patients who have had gynecological surgery as identified by interview and in the nursing record. 3. To compare the health problems of chemotherapy patients as identified by interview and in the nursing record. The design of this study was a comparative descriptive design. The subjects were 205 Obstetric-Gynecologic patients. The tool for this study was an 11 item questionnaire, including one open ended question on the patient's problem during the past one day. Data was collected through interviews and an audit of the nursing records during the period from March 22, 1992 to April 29, 1992. Data was analyzed using by frequencies and percentiles. The result of this study were summarized as follows : Pain was the most prevalent complaint for parturient women by interview(60.3% ) and from the nursing records(83.2%). There was no record in the nursing records about the complaints of lack of information and emotional problems even though there were complaints of communication problems (17.6%) and of emotional problems(3.5%) identified in the interviews but there were more records of cardiopulmonary problems in nurses record(9.1%) than the patient interviews (3.3%). In the nursing records 25.9% of the identified records identified pain problems compared with 23.3% in the interviews. In the nursing records, 22.3% of the records identified nutrition problem as compared with 18.2% in the interview. There were only a very few emotional problem identified in the nursing records (3.7%) as compared to 18.2% in the interviews. There were no comments about communication problems in the nursing records but 5.2% of the subjects mentioned of communication problems in the patient interview. There were problems in five categories for the parturient women ; comfort, communication, activity and rest, elimination, emotions, and there were problems in ten categories for the surgery patients : comfort, elimination, communication, emotions, nutrition, cardiopulmonary, thermoregulation, physical integrity, host defense and activity /rest. There were also problems in the same ten categories for chemotherapy Patients. On the other hand, in the nursing records, only comfort activity /rest, and elimination problems were identified for the parturient women, there were only seven categories of problems : comfort, elimination, cardiopulmonary, activity /rest, and nutrition for the gynecology surgical patients, and for the chemotherapy Patients, comfort, nutrition, physical integrity, cardiopulmonary, activity /rest, thermoregulation, emotion and elimination were the categories identified, and no communication problems were identified. It was found that there was low congruence between the patients' problems as identified through patient interview and as recorded in the nursing records. Therefore it can be concluded that the main content of the nursing records is the physical problems of the patients and this is not in congruence with the patients' reported problems in the emotional and communication domain.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
• /
• 제12B권6호
• /
• pp.703-714
• /
• 2005

문서 범주화 분야에 대한 연구들은 전체 문서 단위에 한정되어 왔으나, 오늘날 대부분의 전문들이 주요 주제를을 표현하기 위해서 조직화 된 특정 구조로 기술되고 있어, 텍스트 범주화에 대한 새로운 인식이 필요하게 되었다. 이러한 구조는 부주제(Sub-topic)의 텍스트 블록이나 문단(Passage) 단위의 나열로서 표현되는데, 이러한 구조 문서에 대한 부주제 구조를 반영하기 위해서 문단 단위(Passage-based) 문서 범주화 모델을 제안한다. 제안한 모델에서는 문서를 문단들로 분리하여 각각의 문단에 범주(Category)를 할당하고, 각 문단의 범주를 전체 문서의 범주로 병합하는 방법을 사용한다. 전형적인 문서 범주화와 비교할 때, 두 가지 부가적인 절차가 필요한데, 문단 분리와 문단 병합이 그것이다. 로이터(Reuter)의 4가지 하위 집합과 수십에서 수백 KB에 이르는 전문 테스트 컬렉션(KISTl-Theses)을 이용하여 실험하였는데, 다양한 문단 타입들의 효과와 범주 병합 과정에서의 문단 위치의 중요성에 초점을 맞추었다 실험한 결과 산술적(Window) 문단이 모든 테스트 컬렉션에 대해서 가장 좋은 성능을 보였다. 또한 문단은 문서 안의 위치에 따라 주요 주제에 기여하는 바가 다른 것으로 나타났다.

• 교육심리연구
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.421-442
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 학교 현장의 일반교사들을 대상으로 교육사각지대에서 다양한 학습 및 교육적 지원이 필요한 학습자를 보다 종합적으로 설명하고 선별해낼 수 있도록 교육사각지대 학습자들을 설명하는 보편적인 다차원적 구성개념을 탐색해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울, 경기, 대구, 충청지역에서 담임교사 경험이 있는 현재 교직에 재직 중인 교사 156명을 대상으로 주관식으로 구성된 반구조화된 개방형 면접질문지를 활용하여 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 현장의 일반교사들의 교육사각지대 학습자의 특징에 대한 포괄적인 이해를 얻기 위해서 수정된 합의적 질적 연구방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 교육사각지대 학습자 특성에 관한 구성개념이 학습 및 인지적 차원, 정서행동적 차원, 환경적 차원, 관계적 차원, 일상생활적 차원의 총 5개 영역과 16개 범주로 구성된 다차원적 구성요소로 이루어져있음을 확인하였다. 둘째, 5개 영역 중 낮은 학습 및 인지적 차원의 응답비율이 가장 높았고 일상생활적 차원의 응답률이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 더 나아가, 학습 및 인지적 차원에 이어 정서 행동적 차원이 두 번째로 응답률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로, 16개 하위 요인들 중 대인관계 소통 및 기술부족과 가족 구조 및 기능이 영역 내 응답비율 및 전체 응답비율이 가장 높은 범주로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 후속연구를 위한 제언을 논하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.68-81
• /
• 2005

The styles of contemporary landscape design have diversified since the emergence of Postmodernism in landscape architecture. The diversification was mostly influenced by contemporary fine arts and architecture. This study examines the pluralistic development of Postmodern landscape design through the investigation of the influences from those sister arts. In this point of view, the main approaches of Postmodern landscape design are thought to be classified into three categories;'the formal abstract approach', 'the figurative approach' and 'the new picturesque approach'. The first category of the formal abstract approach was formulated with the concepts and vocabulary of Minimal Art and Installation Art. Its representative icons such as 'point grids' and 'stripes', and the main concepts such as the sense of 'flahess', 'expansion' and 'materiality' are mostly thought to be originated from these art forms. The second category of the figurative approach is characterised by the concepts and vocabulary of Pop Art and New Image Paintings. Its representative icons such as 'map' or 'figurative forms' and main concepts like the sense of 'reality', 'context' and 'symbolism' are mostly thought to be originated from these art forms. The third category of the new picturesque approach was formulated with the concepts and vocabulary of Land Art and Late Deconstructive Architecture. Its representative icons such as 'hybrid', 'layer' and 'fold', and the main concepts such as the sense of 'complexity', 'continuity' and 'reversibility' are thought to be originated from these art forms. The research shows that the main stream of contemporary landscape design seems to be gradually moving toward the second and third approach above, in step with the cultural orientation and the dynamism of contemporary urban life. Therefore, the study focused especially on the new picturesque approach which would be in greater need for coping with the hybrid culture today.

• 교육녹색환경연구
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2006

Recent color plans in school buildings are made by experts through public offerings for prizes for designs etc in relatively many cases. But it is necessary to review if such color plans are actually well conform to students' emotions and what trend the color plans made as such have. Therefore, this study examined and analyzed the exterior colors of the school buildings planned by public offerings for prizes for designs and reviewed the result comparing to the color preferences of students that had already been studied to figure out the differences between existing theories and the realities. And it was examined what differences were existing in the trends of color plans and color images examined between each of school levels. The result of the study compared to theories is as follows. First, when the color distributions were reviewed for each school level, it could be confirmed that the overall distributions moved from Y category to B category and whereas warm colors were more widely distributed and the number of colors were greater compared to cold colors in case of elementary schools, the distributions of warm colors gradually decreased as school level moves to high schools. Second, the color use distributions of elementary school students were revealed to be more diversified than middle and high school students and also the number of colors used was 9.5 in average in elementary school and middle schools and high schools were similar to each other with average 5.86 colors in middle schools and 6.33 colors in high schools showing a little differences in color use distributions among school levels of elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. Third, in case of elementary schools, except main colors, both of subsidiary colors and emphasizing colors had the distributions of warm colors of R, YR, Y categories and cold colors of B, PB categories and this is also consistent with the results of existing research results indicating that low grade students prefor for warm colors and high grade students prefer for cold colors. Fourth, in case of middle schools and high schools, although the distributions of warm colors decreased, the distributions of warm colors and cold colors were revealed to be similar. This is considered to be consistent with the existing research results indicating that girl students prefer for warm colors even if their ages go up. Fifth, as for the images of main colors, subsidiary colors and emphasizing colors resulted from the comparisons by solid color Image Scales and adjective Image Scales, first, in case of main colors, natural images or clear images appeared the most in all of elementary schools, middle schools and high schools indicating that basically calmness is emphasized with soft images rather than hard images and static images rather than dynamic images. Also, in case of subsidiary colors or emphasizing colors, cheerful images or splendid images are also seen to decrease as school level goes from elementary schools to high schools in adjective Image Scales and this is considered to reflect the color sentiment differences between children and juveniles based on ages.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Integrated curriculum has been considered as a desirable method in health related school course. The present study was conducted to develop practice curriculum which integrates nursing management and community health nursing and measure the education effect. Method: Literature review and scores of professional meeting were carried out to generate main educational goals, contents, operating principle, and evaluation item. Student evaluation was done by survey and in-dept interview in right after practicum and three months respectively. Results: Six concepts were derived as main component of the integrated curriculum. From 2 to 3 sub-categories were matched to each main component as well. Subsequently, practice contents were suggested on the basis of sub-categories. Attainment of practicum goal scores ranged from 2.82 to 3.54 in four points index. Students expressed that they found nursing manager's role in the community setting. Conclusion: This new approach encouraged students to ascertain relationship between hospital oriented and community based practice. Additionally, they can be prepared to comprehend diverse health care environment.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.214-226
• /
• 2008

Construction delay caused considerable losses to project parties. Avoiding construction delays is important to save costs for project stakeholders. The main objective of this paper is to identify major causes of construction delays of apartment construction projects in Vietnam. Sixteen causes of delay were identified through a questionnaire survey of 166 professionals. Factor analysis was employed to categorize these causes. The results of the survey revealed the main causes of delay of apartment projects in Vietnam are: (1) owner's and contractor'S financial difficulties; (2) lack of experienced contractors; (3) late delivery of materials; (4) late construction site handover; (5) owner's late payments for completed works; (6) low bid prices; (7) inappropriate construction method; and (8) defective works and unnecessary reworks. Factor analysis uncovered that causes of delay can be grouped under five categories labeled the five INs: incompetence, ineffectiveness, inadequateness, inapplicableness and inconceivableness. Comparative analysis between the Vietnam construction industry (VCI) and the Korea construction industry (KCI) has been performed to infer valuable lessons for researchers and practitioners in the VCI and the KCI. Comparative analysis indicated that main causes of delay in the VCI somewhat differ from main causes of delay in the KCI. However, "contractor'S financial difficulties", "late construction site handover", "unnecessary rework", "incapable designers", "site clearance difficulties" are common causes of delay in the VCI as well as the KCI. The findings of this research can be used as a guideline to overcome problems in the VCI as well as in other construction industries. Since Korea has emerged as the first largest foreign investor in Vietnam, the results of this study may be useful not only to practitioners and researchers in Vietnam but also to participants in Korea.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2018

Background: This study aims to conduct curriculum analysis on health management schools focusing on relationship with licence and certification in Republic of Korea. Methods: Possible employment field, licence and certification as well as curriculum were collected from the home page of 30 health management schools. The subjects and credits of curriculum were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Main subjects by areas were drew using categorization and ranking within qualitative methods. Comparative analysis was conducted for checking relationship between main subject and possible employment field, licence and certification. Results: First, major employment fields after graduation were public health officer, general hospital and clinic, and National Health Insurance Service. Possible licence and certificate were hospital administrator, medical recorder, health education specialist, and medical insurance specialist. Second, total graduate credits were 133.9 including 79.0 for major education, 30.5 for of general education, and 30.5 for elective courses. Third, main subjects were reviewed by areas including basic medicine, health management, hospital business & management, medical records & information, insurance billing & assessment, healthcare marketing & tourism, and health education. There were highest number of subjects on health education area among 8 categories. By subjects, many health management schools open health law, medical terminology, introduction to public health, and biostatistics. Relationship between main subjects and possible employment field, licence and certification in health management schools was strong. Conclusion: It is necessary to review curriculum and for improving educational quality in health management schools. Also, development of curriculum standards for courses in health administration and introduction of accreditation system can be considered.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.501-510
• /
• 2008

규범적 표상은 단어나 주제가 주어졌을 때 자연스럽게 떠오르는 심상이다. 이러한 규범적 표상은 대상의 특징을 가장 잘 드러낼 수 있는 특정한 조망이나 방향으로 떠오르게 된다. 규범적 표상이 측면임을 시사하는 선행 연구를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 규범적 표상의 방향성을 검토하였다. 규범적 표상을 자연범주와 인공범주로 구분하여 자극의 제시 방향에 따른 차이를 알아보았다. 실험은 그림의 방향성(왼쪽/오른쪽)과 범주(동물, 자연범주/도구, 인공범주)를 두 가지 독립변인으로 하여 설계하였으며 단어-그림 일치 판단과제를 사용하여 정답 반응률과 반응시간을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 정답 반응률은 범주 내에서 방향성에 따른 모든 조건에서 천장효과를 보였으며 아주 근소한 차이만 있었다. 반응시간에서 범주변인의 주효과, 범주와 방향성의 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 특히 자연범주에 속하는 동물 그림에서 방향성 효과가 관찰되었다. 동물의 머리가 왼쪽으로 향하는 그림이 오른쪽으로 향하는 그림 보다 반응시간이 유의하게 빨랐다. 그러나 인공범주에 속하는 도구 그림에서는 방향성의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 동물의 규범적 표상의 방향성은 왼쪽을 향하는 것임을 시사한다.