• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

Magic realism, which originated in the culture of Central and South America, creates a fantastic fictional word by linking unrelated incidents using magical. The purpose of this study was to analyze Tarsem Singh's design characteristics that are based on magic realism in his movies, "The Cell" and "The Fall", and to highlight the artistic values appearing in the films. The research was conducted by observing the characteristics and concept of magic realism based on literature and preceding research, and discovering how Singh expressed these creatively and experimentally within the costumes in his films. The results of the study were as follows: Firstly, magical, legendary and symbolic characteristics appear within the fantasy of magical realism, and common techniques within film costuming include repetition of similar objects, solid silhouettes within scenes, and various decorative materials used for fantastic expression. Secondly, regarding ideality, the destruction of previous ideas and recreation of the present were found with materials and details used in film costuming to destroy previous ideas. Expressions of character through external decoration and depiction of living things as not living were also found. Thirdly, reiteration showed the coexistence of history and legend, reality and fantastic elements, and arrangement of opposing elements.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.375-390
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• 2017

The aims of this research were to characterize magic realism by analyzing existing magical reality literature reviews and research and to identify material that may inspire ideas for stage and film costume design by analyzing and drawing design characteristics and magic realism of costumes from Director Tarsem Singh's movie, 'Mirror, Mirror'. For the methodology, characteristics of magic realism in literature and, movies were analyzed, with a theoretical consideration of these materials on magical realism. Data on costume design and magical realism characteristics for use in the analysis were collected from the main characters of 'Mirror, Mirror' as well as from other characters. The result of this analysis was the emergence of five common characteristics of the magic realism Historicity, the most remarkable characteristic seen in Tarsem Singh films, was expressed through the symbolic meaning and decorative patterns shown by the traditional-style costumes, colors. Symbolization was expressed through the symbolic meaning, decorative elements, and traditional clothes, as shown by the colors and forms of the costumes. Fantasy was expressed through the colors, decorative elements, forms of traditional clothing, and forms with symbolic meaning. Reproducibility was expressed through the method of decorative element, symbolic meaning, traditional forms and de-structural clothes. Ambiguity, which can be associated with the combined characteristics of historicity and fantasy, was expressed in the clothes worn in the scenes that confounded time and space within the film.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.34
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• pp.7-41
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• 2014

This article examines magical realism in contemporary european film, which is considered to be one of the most popular styles in the present culture, with regards to Antonio Negri's theory of art. Magical realism is "alternative approach to reality" (Maggie Ann Bowers, Magic(al) Realism) and defined as "a fictional technique that combines fantasy with raw physical reality or social reality in a search for truth beyond that available from the surface of everyday life" (Joan Mellen, Magic Realism). The term of Magic Realism was coined in 1923 by Franz Roh, German art historian, as the concept for the post-expressionist painting in Germany. It has flourished in the Latin-American literature during the 1950s to 1980s and spread worldwide. Since 1980s magical realism is considered to be a universal artistic mode. Since 1990s magical realism is to find in the various novels, and since 2000 one encounters magical realism in the cinema very often. Antonio Negri writes about the relationship between life, imagination, art and the political in his book Art et Multitude. According to Negri, the hard life of people in the present society liberates the imagination and this creates the art as "the excess of the existence". In this process the aesthetic becomes to the political. Negri calls this space of art as "magical time and space". Claire Denis' film Vendredi Soir is analyzed as a contemporary magic realist text, which realizes Negri's concept of art: vendredi soir (friday night) in Vendredi Soir is the magical time, when the impossible becomes the possible, and paris in the public transportation strike is the magical space, where the individuals meet the other in a new situation. The film analysis associates itself with Negri's theory of art: in Vendredi Soir, it is to see, that the excess of the existence liberates imagination and creates the magic reality both in the movements of things and the human relationship. The phenomenon of magical realism in contemporary culture can be understood as the symptom of the emotional and existential pains of contemporary people in the current world. The contemporaneity of the magical realism can be read in the film as "the metaphor for contemporary thought" (Alain Badiou, Cinema). As Antonio Negri writes, art can become "the aesthetic redemption" (Negri, Art et Multitude) for us. At the same time "(t)his is where aesthetics can be transformed into the political." (Lee, "Communism and the Void")

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.495-501
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• 2016

The film has always reflected the culture of the era based on reality and imagination. The visual effect in the film has mainly played a role of expressing the reality more realistically or recognizing the virtual as reality. This study examines the meaning and the effect of fantasy realism through Oasis of Lee Chang-dong. Fantastic realism has separated the reality from the imaginary space by using a dual meaning tool that affects the time and space in the film and reflects the human desire and desire to see. It was also reproduced in the real world through the medium of pigeons. In addition, it separates visualized space from non-visualized space in film narrative structure, separation of real and unreal space, segregation of consciousness and unconscious space, and separation of reality and reality space into power structure. With the development of technology, the image of the yellow image comes closer to us like reality, which will express the space of unconsciousness that we could not think of.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2007

In this paper we present an illumination model for rendering realistic stained glass. This techniques simulates the phenomenon of stained glass in real world by applying important optical component of the stained glass to the rendering algorithm. The optics for stained glass involves three basic physical mechanisms. First, diffuse light and highlight contribute to the brightness of stained glass which is typically white and changes along with the light source and the view position. Next, Fresnel refraction dominates the amount of refracted (transmitted) light. Finally, we express volume absorption occurs in all stained glass. Then, the rendered stained glass images achieve excellent realism.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.39
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• pp.59-83
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• 2015

Magical realism, blooming and improving in Latin America, opened the new vision about reality and rationalism, coming out from the out-styled frame of past. While having common points with unrealistic literature, which uses fantastical components, magical realism is different from Surrealism and fantasy literature that is focusing on reality and realizing reality intensely. In the early stage of this research, magical realism was restricted by the characteristics of literature of Latin America, but the research of magical realism is expanding in planning Post-Modernism nowadays. Lately, the influence of magical realism is identified in literatures, arts, films, and animations over the world; according to the research, however, research about magical realism in animations was not done in Korea before. A Korean independent animation "A coffee vending machine and its sword" was evaluated positively in many international film festivals is valuable as the research of magical realism. Throughout this study, this animation "A coffee vending machine and its sword" was analyzed by its narrative and images. The analysis of narrative consists two parts. One is about the form of narrative and the other is about contents through the story. Analysis of Image is also divided into two parts: background image and character image. In this animation, the protagonist is narrating about the fantastic accidents in his life and his own feelings towards it. The narration leads audience to understand his situation and feelings in meta-fiction. On the surface, audience watches the love story of a normal girl and coffee vending machine in this artwork, but deep inside the animation, it is visible that the directors tried to make audiences think about the life of 880,000-won Generation in Korea. The background image was represented as real places in Seoul including the landmark of Seoul, making mimesis of reality in Korea. The character image has two conflicting aspects with reincarnated warrior, Jinyoungyoung and a coffee vending machine. It is a hybrid-character transmogrifying between two characters. Likewise, "A coffee vending machine and its sword" has the characteristics of Korean magical realism through form, content and image. Through analyzing the Korean independent animation "A coffee vending machine and its sword", this research tried to find a way of using factors of fantasy, of representing reality as a dramatic device and of using magical realism of Korean animation for bond of sympathy with audience.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.229-246
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• 2022

Gabriel García Márquez's short story "The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World" ["El ahogado más hermoso del mundo," 1968] and the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold [Crónica de una muerte anunciada, 1981] and Merlinda Bobis's novel Fish-Hair Woman (2012) and short story "O Beautiful Co-Spirit" (2021) feature unusual scenarios of death: the arrival of a drowned man's corpse at an island; the inaction of the community to stop the foretold death of a supposedly-innocent man; a woman with long hair that can fetch dead bodies at the bottom of the village river; and a Filipino Catholic and a Malaysian Muslim working together to prepare an Italian Catholic's corpse for a funeral. These narratives demand critical attention as all deaths make the community's existence meaningful as they alter its social reality. Looking into the works of the aforementioned Colombian writer and Filipino writer and unveiling how death affects the community, this paper relies on Jean-Luc Nancy's theory on death and inoperative community.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.313-336
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• 2011

The objective of this thesis is to unfold Latin American trends overlapping with Korean contemporary novels as an interesting scene in the circle of Korea literature at the beginning of the 21st century. This study was conducted largely in two directions. One is examining how long novel A Guest of Seok-yeong HWANG, a representative realist writer in Korea, and another long novel One Hundred Years Motel (Baeknyeon Motel) of Cheol-woo IM, a writer who has expressed Korean shamanic flowering as his fictitious characteristic since the 1980s, meet and interact with the world of magic realism in long novel One Hundred Years of Solitude of G. G. Marquez born in Colombia, Latin America, and the other is discussing the fictional techniques of H. L. Borges overlapping with short stories in novel collections The Age of Twenty and Fictions of Midnight by, respectively, young writers Yeon-soo KIM and PARK Hyeong-seo who displayed a unique world of fictions in the 2000s. For these purposes, we developed the points of discussion from the viewpoint of 'the meeting of two essences' for Seok-yeong HWANG and Marquez, of 'the meeting of two 'hundred years'' for Cheol-woo IM and Marquez, of 'novel writing as the finding of the original' for Yeon-soo KIM and Borges, and of 'novel writing surrounding fictions' for Hyeong-seo PARK and Borges. Around 2000, the trend of Latin American novels emerged as a phenomenon in Korean novels. It was probably a natural consequence of contemporary writers' struggling with genres and post-genres, the overturn of the center and the periphery, and blurred boundaries. Seok-yeong HWANG, Cheol-woo IM, Yeon-soo KIM, and PARK Hyeong-seo borrowed the contents and techniques of Latin American novels, but further research is required on how continuously their works internalized the characteristic properties of Marquez-style, Borges-style or polyphonic Latin American novels and, by doing so, how much they expanded or determined their own line. This is why this study has been performed productively out of vital importance. In every age throughout history, there have been the phenomena of encountering and sympathizing, and overlapping and spreading with foreign novels. This study is meaningful in that it illuminated the aspects of Korean contemporary novels in the flow of world literature through tracing the origin and reality of the trend of Latin American novels emerging conspicuously through overlapping particularly with Korean novels published in the 2000s.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

This study is a new proposal for the methods of actor training and role creation in the contemporary theater and an approach to the practical utilization of the performer, regarding the actor's 'presence' as the essence of living arts, a peculiarity of theater. As the method for this, this study sorts out Vakhangov and Mikhail Chekhov's elements of acting techniques and at the same time, allows an easier approach to the theoretical concept based on the performance records found in the developmental process. The magic realism and the technique of acting discussed in priority in this study emphasize the importance of the exploration and realization of artistic inspiration in everyday life, the actor's imagination and image, and unconsciousness as a method for creating new actors and diversifying their roles. When their common views are summed up, the goals to achieve include a study of a creative method in which outer form and inner truth are combined and the implementation of a new system for creating the individual actor's originality. This study would classify the similarities and differences found through this, reveal the limit of practical efficacy and propose it as a universal method for creating the roles, asking for the actor's voluntary training and active attitudes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.433-440
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• 2020

Afrofuturism was born under the combination of the elements of African culture, sci-fi novels, history, afrocentrism and Magic Realism. The aim of this study is to sort out the concepts and characteristics of Afrofuturism basing on the artistic elements appearing in Black Panther. The method is to investigate the academic papers, periodicals, singles and the Internet research related to African culture, Afrofuturism and American superheroes first. And then make the analyzation of the design of uniforms of the major characters in the movie as cases. The result is : First, the resistance of art for social minorities, second, the establishment of identity of black art through the reactionary effect of culture, and third, the artistic healing through SF fantasy.