• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2000

The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein(LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis . Oxidized LDL(oxLDL) are found in macrophage foam cell , and it can induce an macrophage proliferation in atherosclerotic plaque. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that Tokhwalkisaengtang(TK) may reduce atherosclerosis by lowering the oxidizability of LDL, To achieve this goal, we examined the effect of TK on LDL oxidation, nitric oxide production in murine macrophage cell line , and the effect of TK on cupuric sulfate-induced cytotoxicity. LDH release, and macrophage activity TK inhibited the generation of oxLDL from native LDL in macrophage cell culture, and decreased the release of LDH from cupric sulfate-stimulated macrophage. In other experiments, TK activated macrophase cell, and increased the survival rate, and enhanced nitric oxide production in macrophage.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2006

The oxidative notification of low density lipoprotein(LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL are found in macrophage foam cell, and it can induce an macrophage proliferation in atherosclerotic plaque. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that Samkieum may reduce atherosclerosis by lowering the oxidiazability of LDL, To achieve this goal, we examined the effect of Samkieum on LDL oxidation nitric oxide production in mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, and the effect of Samkieum on cupuric sulfate-induced cytotoxicity, LDH release, and macrophage activity. Samkieum inhibited the generation of oxidized LDL from native LDL in RAW264.7 cell culture, and decreased the release of LDH from cupric sulfate-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. In other experiments, Samkieum activated RAW264.7 cell, and prolonged the survival time, and increased nitric oxide production in Raw 264.7 cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1993

Macrophage inflammatory $protein-1{\alpha}(MIP-1{\alpha})$ from activated T cell or macrophage, which is small inducible cytokine of unkown biological function, has been shown to display inflammation chemokinetic activities, as well as myelosuppressive effect on more immature progenitor cells. In this paper we show the $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA expression and the presence of $MIP-1{\alpha}$ binding sites from murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, and primary cells of mouse bone marrow and spleen. $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA was induced from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7, but not inhibited by cyclosporin A treatment, and also was expressed from mouse splenocyted and bone marrow cell which were not increased by ferritin or lactoferrin treatment. The results of receptor binding assay showed that radiolabeled RAW 264.7 cell with kd value of 0.91 nM, and binding sites per cell of 378. bone marrow cell and splenocyte also appeared to have $MIP-1{\alpha}$ binding sites 33 and 11 per cell, respectiviely.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.510-515
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• 2017

Triglyceride (TG) accumulation causes macrophage cell death, which affects the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we examined whether caspase-2 is implicated in TG-induced macrophage cell death. We found that caspase-2 activity is increased in TG-treated THP-1 macrophages, and that inhibition of caspase-2 activity drastically inhibits TG-induced cell death. We previously reported that TG-induced macrophage cell death is triggered by caspase-1, and thus investigated the relationship between caspase-2 and caspase-1 in TG-induced macrophage cell death. Inhibition of caspase-2 activity decreased caspase-1 activity in TG-treated macrophages. However, caspase-1 inhibition did not affect caspase-2 activity, suggesting that caspase-2 is upstream of caspase-1. Furthermore, we found that TG induces activation of caspase-3, -7, -8, and -9, as well as cleavage of PARP. Inhibition of caspase-2 and -1 decreased TG-induced caspase-3, -7, -8, and -9 activation and PARP cleavage. Taken together, these results suggest that TG-induced macrophage cell death is mediated via the caspase-2/caspase-1/apoptotic caspases/PARP pathways.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.740-744
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• 2005

Bifidobacterium has been previously shown to potentiate immune function, which was mediated through the stimulation of cytokine production by macrophage. This study was performed to further characterize the effective component of Bifidobacterium by measuring the level of interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine using the RAW 264.7 murine cell line as a macrophage model. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of whole cells (WCs), cell walls (CWs), and cell-free extracts (CFEs) from various strains of Bifidobacterium and other lactic acid bacteria at various concentrations. The most effective component was different depending on the strains and the concentrations used. When tested with each cell fraction from Bifidobacterium sp. BGN4, heat treatment of the cell fractions lowered the production of IL-6. Synergistic effect was obtained, especially when CWs and CFEs were combined. Sonicated WCs stimulated IL-6 production more than intact WCs. The in vitro approaches employed here should be useful in further characterization of the effects of Bifidobacterium on gastrointestinal and systemic immunity.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.134-143
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• 2001

The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein(LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL are found in macrophage foam cell, and it can induce an macrophage proliferation in atherosclerotic plaque. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that gamisoyosan(GS) may reduce atherosclerosis by lowering the oxidiazability of LDL, To achive this goal, we examined the effect of GS on LDL oxidation, nitric oxide production in mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, and the effect of GS on cupuric sulfate-induced cytotoxicity, LDH release, and macrophage activity. GS inhibited the generation of oxidized LDL from native LDL in RAW264.7 cell culture, and decreased the release of LDH from cupric sulfate-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. In other experiments, GS activated RAW264.7 cell, and prolonged the survival time, and increased nitric oxide production in Raw 264.7 cells.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2012

The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein(LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL(oxLDL) is captured into macrophage and stimulates to form macrophage foam cell. And it can induce an inflammation and smooth muscle proliferation in atherosclerotic plaque. Objective : In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Bupleuri radix(SH) on the foam cell formation, a critical initiation stage of atherosclerosis. Methods : To achieve the goal, we examined the effect of SH on LDL oxidation, nitric oxide production in RAW264.7, and the effect of SH on cupuric sulfate-induced cytotoxicity, LDH release, and macrophage activity. Results : SH inhibited the formation of oxidized LDL from native LDL in RAW264.7 cell culture, and decreased the release of LDH from cupric sulfate-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. In other experiments, SH activated RAW264.7 cell, and prolonged the survival time, and inhibited foam cell formation induced by oxLDL in Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion : These results showed that SH might prevent atherosclerosis by controlling the early stages of foam cell formation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.364-372
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• 1990

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of ginseng saponin fractions (total saponin, triol saponin. diol saponin) and lipopolysacrharide (LPS) on the tllmoricidal activity of macrophage. The ginseng saponin fractions had little effect on the tumoricidal activity of macrophage (less than 10%). When the ginseng saponin fractions were treated with LPS, the effects of tumoricidal activation of macrophage increased a relatively high percent, and the total saponin and triol saponin (20-35%) were ulore effectual than diol saponin (15-25%). The effects of ginseng saponin and LPS on the tumoricidal activity of macrophage were mediated by the induction of macrophage-release factor(5) which has(have) the capacity of tumor cell killing. And the quantity of the (actors) was(were) increased by the contact of macrophage with tumor cell.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 1994

Immunostimulation effects of the cell wall components isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum were investigated by studying the macrophage s tumorcidal activity, splenocyte proliferation, anticomplementary activity and the inhibition of peritoneal tumor cell growth measured with ICR mice inoculated with sarcoma 180. The immunopotentiating cell wall components were a complex of peptidoglycan and exopolysaccharides. The tumorcidal activity of macrophage against Yacl and B16 tumor cells was enhanced when the cell wall components were added into the macrophage s culture medium. They also stimulated splenocytes to proliferate up to the same level as when the concanavalin A was added into the splenocyte's culture medium. The complementary activity was inhibited by 50% when the cell wall components were incubated with the sheep red blood cells treated with hemolysin and guinea pig complement. This result confirmed that the cell wall components had an antitumor effect, because the anticomplementary activity is usually accompanied by an antitumor activity at the same time. This fact was confirmed again by the inhibition of the growth of sarcoma 180 when the cell wall components were injected intraperitoneally into ICR mice inoculated with sarcoma 180. As a result, it is concluded that the cell wall components isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum had multifunctional immunostimulation effects in vitro and in vivo.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2009

Purpose: This research aimed to study the effect of FAE(Ferment Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Epimedii Herba) on the mouse macrophage cell activity. Methods: Effect of FAE, which was fermented by Sacchromyces cerevisiae STV89, on cell viability, amount of $H_2O_2$ within cells, amount of NO was measured and compaperd by using mouse macrophage cells. Results: 1. Result of MTT assay conducted to observe the effect of FAE on the survival rate of mouse macrophage cells illustrated that, when FAE was proccessed for each concentration, there was no significant decrease of the survival rate. 2. FAE increased the amount of $H_2O_2$ within macrophage cells and increased inhibition of amount of $H_2O_2$ in macrophage induced by LPS. 3. FAE inhibited amount of NO in macrophage cells, and significantly inhibited increase of amount of NO in mcacrophage induced by LPS. Conclusion: FAE produced by Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Epimedii Herba did not induce the decrease of macrophage cell survival rate, increased amount of $H_2O_2$ within cells, and reduced amount of NO. FAE significantly increase by LPS, reduced the increase of amount of NO in macrophage induced by LPS. These results signify FAE has significant effect on immuno modulating activity of macrophage.