• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.570-575
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• 2022

The MX-S2X, utilizing high-frequency broadband communication technology, provides a reliable connection between land, ship, and facilities. This technology is expected to be effectively utilized as a future maritime communication infrastructure in the upcoming mixed navigational situation among autonomous and manned and/or unmanned ships. Following the physical layer design and M&S-based performance analysis of the MX-S2X system to overcome maritime multipath fading, this paper confirms the optimized and detailed design of physical layer hardware and implemented it to verify the performance. The PER(Packet Error Rate) performance was then measured by configuring a test environment to verify the implemented hardware. The results showed that the performance degradation was 0.2 dB in the AWGN environment and 1.2 dB in the Multi-path Fading on Sea Environment, thus confirming the successful implementation of the physical layer.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.122-134
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• 2010

We investigated the levels of resistance and accumulation of terapyrroles, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidative enzymes for reasons of growth reduction in herbicide-transgenic rice overexpressing Myxococcus xanthus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and human protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) genes. The transgenic rice overexpressing M. xanthus (MX, MX1, PX), A. thaliana (AP31, AP36, AP37), and human (H45, H48, H49) Protox genes showed 43~65, 41~72 and 17~70-fold more resistance to oxyfluorfen, respectively, than the wild type. Among transgenic rice lines overexpressing Protox genes, several lines showed normal growth compared with the wild type, but several lines showed in reduction of plant height and shoot fresh weight under different light conditions. However, reduction of plant height of AP37 was much higher than other lines for the experimental period. On the other hand, the reduction of plant height and shoot fresh weight in the transgenic rice was higher in high light condition than in low light condition. Enhanced levels of Proto IX were observed in transgenic lines AP31, AP37, and H48 at 7 days after seeding (DAS) and transgenic lines PX, AP37, and H48 at 14 DAS relative to wild type. There were no differences in Mg-Proto IX of transgenic lines except for H41 and H48 and Mg-Proto IX monomethyl ester of transgenic lines except for MX, MX1, and PX. Although accumulation of tetrapyrrole intermediates was observed in transgenic lines, their tetrapyrrole accumulation levels were not enough to inhibit growth of transgenic rice. There were no differences in reactive oxygen species, MDA, ALA synthesizing capacity, and chlorophyll between transgenic lines and wild type indicating that accumulated tetrapyrrole intermediate were apparently not high enough to inhibit growth of transgenic rice. Therefore, the growth reduction in certain transgenic lines may not be caused by a single factor such as Proto IX, but by interaction of many other factors.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2003

We have investigated the biological effects of recombinant IL-1$\beta$ (rIL-1$\beta$) on the expression of antiviral genes such as Myxovirus-3 (MX-3) and Interferon regulating factor-1 (IRF-1), which are related to type I interferon. When ten micrograms of rIL-1$\beta$ were treated, we observed the stimulatory effect on the expression of these antiviral genes. Interestingly, at the early stage of stimulation, these genes were down-regulated and then up-regulated by the results obtained that the expressions of these genes were decreased at day 1 post-injection and gradually increased at day 3 post-injection. Thus, the stimulatory effect of rIL-1$\beta$ on the expression of MX-3 and IRF-3 gene might be an indirect stimulatory effect because significant up-regulation was delayed until day 3 post-injection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

Campus facilities were recently remodeled to provide the substantial learning rights of handicapped students in many campus to embody the dignity and value as man. So this study aims to identify the exterior connection facilities for handicapped students of S and D campuses. The summaries of this research are as follows. Installations of even crossing area(1.5mx1.5m) per 50m and even rest area(1.5mx1.5m) per 30m in walking or access ramp. Improving in accordance with exterior connection facility repairing master plan in S campus. Bringing down an angle degrees of the inclined walking or access ramp in D campus. Installation of exterior braille guide sign for blind students. All handicapped students must be guaranteed the same learning rights as normal men to remove obstacles as the upper mentioned imperfections in using exterior campus facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.635-641
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• 1995

The effects of A-site substitution with alkaline-earth ions (Ca, Sr and Ba) on the perovskite-phase formation and dielectric properties for Pb1-xMx(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (0.0 x 0.5)-based relaxors were studied. Considerable improvements in the sinterability and the extent fo perovskite formation were observed with increasing the A-site substitution (x) and sintering temperature. The maximum dielectric permittivity appeared at x=0.1 for Sr and Ba substitutiion, while the relative dielectric permittivity was almost invariant in the case of Ca ion substitution. Curie temperature decreased with increasing relative amount of Sr and Ba ions but was almost invariant in case of Ca ion substitution. With increasing the amount of x, the diffuseness parameter ($\delta$) increased but the maximum dielectric constant decreased, demonstrating an enhanced diffuse phase transition (DPT) in the presence of alkaline-earth cations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2001

Theories for advanced composite structures are too difficult for such design engineers for construction and some simple but accurate enough methods are necessary. The senior author has reported that some laminate orientations have decreasing values of $D_{16}$, $B_{16}$, $D_{26}$ and $B_{26}$ stiffnesses as the ply number increases. For such plates the fiber orientations given above behave as specially orthotropic plates and simple formulas developed by the senior author. Most of the bidge and building slabs on girders have large aspect ratios For such cases frurther simplification is possible by neglecting the effect of the longitudinal moment terms(Mx) on the relevant partial differential equationsof equilibrium In this paper, the result of the study on the subject problem is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.397-403
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative stability of LeFort I osteotomy in two-jaw surgery of skeletal class III malocclusion and to help the establishment of treatment planning in patients with a skeletal class III malocclusion in the future. Materials and Methods: The lateral cephalograms of 14 patients who had been underwent two-jaw surgery via one-piece LeFort I osteotomy were traced and the landmarks were identified. Repeated tracings and construction of reference planes were done. Comparisons were made from the immediate postoperative to late postoperative results of each landmarks on the horizontal and vertical directions. Conclusions: 1. The horizontal changes of landmark ANS, point A, PNS and Mx6Rt between immediate postoperative to late postoperative data were statistically insignificant(p>0.05). 2. The vertical changes of landmark ANS, point A, PNS, Mx6Cr and Mx6Rt between immediate postoperative to late postoperative data were statistically insignificant(p>0.05). 3. The horizontal change of landmark Mx6Cr between immediate postoperative to late postoperative data was statistically significant(p<0.05). 4. Results showed that it was stable that one-piece LeFort I osteotomy in two-jaw surgery of skeletal class III malocclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.4 no.S2
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• pp.148-155
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• 1995

(1) The metastable crystalline(MX) phases formed by ion mixing are classified into 5 types, i.e. the super-saturated solid solutions and the enlarged HCP-I phases reported earlier, and the newly observed FCC-I phases in hcp-based alloys, The FCC-ll and HCP-ll phases in bcc-based alloys. The growth kinetics of the MX phases is discussed. (2) The interfacial free energy in the multilayered films was found to play an important role in ion beam mixing(IM) induced amorphization. By adding sufficient interfaces, amorphous alloys were obtained even in the systems with rather positive heat of formation. (3) Gibbs free energy diagrams of some representative systems were constructed, by calculating the free energy curves of all the competing phases. Steady-state thermal annealing was conducted and the results confirmed the relevance of the constructed diagrams, which were inturn employed to interpret the MX phase formation as well as the glass forming ability upon IM in the binary metal systems.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

In the present study, immune gene expression of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, against bacterial endotoxin (LPS) was studied in vivo. The expression of prointflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$) and IFN-related genes (IRF-I, Mx-3) at gill was assessed by RT-PCR at different time point of day1 and day 3 post-injection. It was shown that the proinflammatory cytokine gene expression at gill was induced 1 day after LPS injection but the expression was not sustained until day 3. Meanwhile upregulated expression of IFN-related genes was found to be only at day 3 post injection, indicating indirect effect of LPS on these genes.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13.1-13.11
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• 2023

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is an extremely contagious and high mortality rates in chickens resulting in substantial economic impact on the poultry sector. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of HPAIV for infection control. Objective: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) can effectively avoid the limitations of subjective screening for differential gene expression. Therefore, we performed GSEA to compare HPAI-infected resistant and susceptible Ri chicken lines. Methods: The Ri chickens Mx(A)/BF2(B21) were chosen as resistant, and the chickens Mx(G)/BF2(B13) were selected as susceptible by genotyping the Mx and BF2 genes. The tracheal tissues of HPAIV H5N1 infected chickens were collected for RNA sequencing followed by GSEA analysis to define gene subsets to elucidate the sequencing results. Results: We identified four differentially expressed pathways, which were immune-related pathways with a total of 78 genes. The expression levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12), chemokines (CCL4 and CCL5), type interferons and their receptors (IFN-β, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, and IFNGR1), Jak-STAT signaling pathway genes (STAT1, STAT2, and JAK1), MHC class I and II and their co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40, DMB2, BLB2, and B2M), and interferon stimulated genes (EIF2AK2 and EIF2AK1) in resistant chickens were higher than those in susceptible chickens. Conclusions: Resistant Ri chickens exhibit a stronger antiviral response to HPAIV H5N1 compared with susceptible chickens. Our findings provide insights into the immune responses of genetically disparate chickens against HPAIV.