• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2003

한우의 mt DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I, II, 및 III complex지역의 유전적 다형현상을 제한효소를 이용하여 검출하였다. PCR primer 6종에 대하여 20가지 제한효소를 처리하였으며, Pst I, Pvu II, Rsa I, Eco RI, Bgl II, and Msp I 제한효소를 사용하여 유전적 변이를 검출하였다. 검출된 변이체와 한우의 성장과의 관련성을 조사한 결과 cytochrome oxidase subunit III complex 지역의 유전염기서열을 근거로 제작한 primer Mt9 좌위에서 제한효소 PvuII를 이용한 절단형과 체중형질 인 WT15(P<0.05) 및 WT18(P<0.01)에서 고도의 유의성이 관찰되었다. 아울러 , Mt9-Pvu II(P=0.07), Mt6-Bgl II(P=0.05), and Mt8-Rsa I(P=0.05) 좌위 또한 WT9, WTl5, and WT15에서 각각 통계적 유의성이 관찰되었다. 따라서 본 결과는 cytochrome oxidase subunit III complex segments가 candidate gene으로서 기초적 유전정 보 제공은 물론 유전적 개량을 위해 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2020

Sixteen acetic acid bacteria (AAB) were isolated from blueberries and citric fruits of the Salto Grande region (Concordia, Entre Rios, Argentina) using enrichment techniques and plate isolation. Enrichment broths containing ethanol and acetic acid enabled maximum AAB recovery, since these components promote their growth. Biochemical tests allowed classification of the bacteria at genus level. PCR-RFLP of the 16S rRNA and PCR-RFLP of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer allowed further classification at the species level; this required treatment of the amplified products of 16S and 16S-23S ITS ribosomal genes with the following restriction enzymes: AluI, RsaI, HaeIII, MspI, TaqI, CfoI, and Tru9I. C7, C8, A80, A160, and A180 isolates were identified as Gluconobacter frateurii; C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, A70, and A210 isolates as Acetobacter pasteurianus; A50 and A140 isolates as Acetobacter tropicalis; and C9 isolate as Acetobacter syzygii. The bacteria identified by 16S rRNA PCR-RFLP were validated by 16S-23S PCR-RFLP; however, the C1 isolate showed different restriction patterns during identification and validation. Partial sequencing of the 16S gene resolved the discrepancy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2016

Objective : This study investigated whether pyrosequencing can be used to determine the methylation status of the MGMT promoter as a clinical biomarker using relatively old archival tissue samples of glioblastoma. We also examined other prognostic factors for survival of glioblastoma patients. Methods : The available study set included formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from 104 patients at two institutes from 1997 to 2012, all of which were diagnosed histopathologically as glioblastoma. Clinicopathologic data were collected by review of medical records. For pyrosequencing analysis, the PyroMark Q96 CpG MGMT kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used to detect the level of methylation at exon 1 positions 17-39 of the MGMT gene, which contains 5 CpGs. Results : Methylation of the MGMT promoter was detected in 43 (41.3%) of 104 samples. The average percentage methylation was $14.0{\pm}16.8%$ overall and $39.0{\pm}14.7%$ for methylated cases. There was no significant pattern of linear increase or decrease according to the age of the FFPE block (p=0.687). In multivariate analysis, age, performance status, extent of surgery, method of adjuvant therapy, and methylation status estimated by pyrosequencing were independently associated with overall survival. Additionally, patients with a high level of methylation survived longer than those with low methylation (p=0.016). Conclusion : In this study, the status and extent of methylation of the MGMT promoter analyzed by pyrosequencing were associated with overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Pyrosequencing is a quantitative method that overcomes the problems of MSP and a simple technique for accurate analysis of DNA sequences.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.26-31
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• 2012

Three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) technology has become increasingly important due to the demand for high system performance and functionality. We have evaluated the effect of Buffered oxide etch (BOE) on the interfacial bonding strength of Cu-Cu pattern direct bonding. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of Cu surface revealed that Cu surface oxide layer was partially removed by BOE 2min. Two 8-inch Cu pattern wafers were bonded at $400^{\circ}C$ via the thermo-compression method. The interfacial adhesion energy of Cu-Cu bonding was quantitatively measured by the four-point bending method. After BOE 2min wet etching, the measured interfacial adhesion energies of pattern density for 0.06, 0.09, and 0.23 were $4.52J/m^2$, $5.06J/m^2$ and $3.42J/m^2$, respectively, which were lower than $5J/m^2$. Therefore, the effective removal of Cu surface oxide is critical to have reliable bonding quality of Cu pattern direct bonds.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.455-462
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• 2023

Since 2015, countries in the Sahel region have implemented large-scale seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). However, the mass use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine impacts the genetic diversity of malaria parasites and their sensitivity to antimalarials. This study aimed to describe and compare the genetic diversity and SP resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains in Mali and Niger. We collected 400 blood samples in Mali and Niger from children aged 3-59 months suspected of malaria. Of them, 201 tested positive (Niger, 111, 55.2%; Mali, 90, 44.8%). Polymorphism of merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) genetic marker showed 201 allotypes. The frequency of the RO33 allotype was significantly higher in Niger (63.6%) than in Mali (39.3%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of the K1 and MAD20 allotypes between the 2 countries. The multiplicity of infection was 2 allotypes per patient in Mali and one allotype per patient in Niger. The prevalence of strains with the triple mutants Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps436A/F/H and Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps437G was 18.1% and 30.2%, respectively, and 7.7% carried the quadruple mutant Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps436A/F/H/Pfdhps437G. Despite the significant genetic diversity of parasite populations, the level of SP resistance was comparable between Mali and Niger. The frequency of mutations conferring resistance to SP still allows its effective use in intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women and in SMC.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.335-340
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• 2010

This study was conducted to select organic materials (OM) and nitrogen sources in composting of waste mushroom bed from Agaricus bisporus. We examined physio-chemical properties of the organic materials and the mixture ratio for preparing the wasted mushroom bed (M) compost. The carbon content of sawdust was higher than those of rice straw (R) as OM source and the nitrogen content was high in the order of fowl manure (F)>> pig manure (P)> cow manure (C). The compost was prepared to maintain the criteria of above 25% organic matter and then the change of their ingredients was estimated during the process of fermentation. The temperature of waste mushroom bed+pig manure+rice straw (MRP) treatment was varied fast throughout fermentation, on the other hand the temperature of waste mushroom bed+pig manure+sawdust (MSP) treatment was steadily elevated to the middle of composting. The pH of the compost was somewhat high to pH 8.5~9.0 at the early stage, but decreased to 7.5 at the end stage of composting. The content of OM after fermentation was decreased to the level of 19~21% in rice straw, but the sawdust treatment maintained 25~27% organic matter. The waste mushroom bed+fowl manure+rice straw (MRF) treatment, which contains 26.2% organic matter and 0.68% nitrogen, was the highest among them. The volume of compost was reduced to 50% by using rice straw as organic matter, but reduced to 30% by using the sawdust. The contents of heavy metal in the compost were suitable within the legal criteria. The number of microorganisms were higher in the rice straw than those in the sawdust. It was high in the order of fowl manure> pig manure> cow manure. The major groups consisted of aerobic bacteria, gram negative bacteria and Bacillus sp. and their populations after fermentation were increased to $1{\times}10^1{\sim}1{\times}10^2\;cfu\;g^{-1}$ rather than those before fermentation. Therefore we concluded that the waste mushroom bed+fowl manure+sawdust (MSF 3:9:1 v/v/v) treatment was suitable combination for high organic matter and nitrogen source, and the periods of composting were 50~60 days.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.59-75
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• 2000

This study was carried out to develop a DNA marker for identifying between Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and other breeds. First experiment was performed to isolate Hanwoo specific DNA marker at sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs). Five breeds of cattle including Hanwoo, Holstein, Hereford, Angus and Charolais were represented with the from 8 to 20 individuals. Fourteen primers of 300 arbitrary primers of 10 nucleotides showed reproducible polymorphism across the breeds. An amplified band of 0.9 kb in the primer MG-3 showed the specificity to Holstein breed. And MG-6 and MG-12 detected the Hereford and Hanwoo specific markers at the size of 2.0 kb and 1.0 kb, respectively. A 1.0 kb band of MG-12 was cloned and sequenced. A SCAR primer was designed based on the obtained sequences. It was possible to identify the Hanwoo from Holstein breed. Second experiment was carried out to observe the genotype frequencies of MC1R in 1,044 samples of imported beef and eight different cattle breeds including Hanwoo, Holstein, Angus, Brown-Swiss, Charolais, Limousin, Simmental and Hereford. The primers for the amplification of bovine MC1R gene were designed based on a bovine MC1R gene sequence (GenBank accession no.Y19103). A size of 350 bp was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), digested with two different restriction enzyme, BsrFI and MspA II, and electrophoresed in 2.5% Metaphore agarose gel for determination of genotypes. Genotype frequencies of Hanwoo were 0.10 in E+e and 0.90 in ee. Allele ED was shown in all of Holstein and Angus breeds tested which have black coat color phenotypes. We suggested that SCAR marker and the bovine MC1R gene could be used as a DNA marker for distinguishing beef between Hanwoo and Holstein.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.568-578
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• 2001

Background : Lung cancer is frequently cited as an example of a disease caused solely by exposure to environmental carcinogens. However, there is a growing realization that the genetic constitution is also important in determining individual's susceptibility to lung cancer. This genetic susceptibility may result from functional polymorphims of the genes involved in carcinogen metabolism. In this study, the association between GSTM1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms and the lung cancer risk in Korean males was investigated. Materials and Method : The study population consisted of 153 male lung cancer patients and 143 healthy male controls. The GSTM1 and CYP1A1 genotypes were determined by multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis. Result : There were no significant differences in the frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype between the cases and the controls. When the cases were categorized by their histologic type, the frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype in the small cell carcinoma group was higher than those of the controls(67.2% vs 55.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant(OR=1.772 ; 95% CI=0.723-4.340). The distribution of the CYP1A1 MspI genotypes among the cases were similar to those among the controls. When the cases were grouped by their histologic type, the ml/m1, ml/m2, m2/m2 genotypes frequencies among the small cell carcinomas(23.0%, 38.5%, and 38.5%, respectively) were significantly different from those of the controls(36.4%, 46.2%, and 7.4%, respectively, p<0.05). When the m1/m1 genotype was used as a reference, the ml/m2 and m2/m2 genotypes were associated with an increased risk for small cell lung cancer(ml/m2 genotype : OR=1.337, 95% CI=0.453-3.947 ; m2/m2 genotype : OR=3.374, 95% CI=1.092-10.421). Conclusion : These results suggest that the GSTM1 and CYP1A1 genotypes may be a genetic determinant of the risk for lung cancer, particlulary small cell carcinoma. Further investigation is needed to confirm these results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.651-659
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• 2010

In this paper, a new six-port direct conversion receiver for high-speed multi-band multi-mode wireless communication system such as software defined radio(SDR) is proposed. The designed receiver is composed of two CMOS four-port BPSK receivers and a dual-band one-stage polyphase filter for quadrature LO signal generation. The four-port BPSK receiver, implemented in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology for the first time in microwave-band, is composed of two active combiners, an active balun, two power detector, and an analog decoder. The proposed polyphase filter adopt type-I architecture, one-stage for reduction of the local oscillator power loss, and LC resonance structure instead of using capacitor for dual-band operation. In order to extent the operation RF bandwidth of the proposed six-port receiver, we include I/Q phase and amplitude calibration scheme in the six-port junction and the power detector. The calibration range of the phase and amplitude mismatch in the proposed calibration scheme is 8 degree and 14 dB, respectively. The validity of the designed six-port receiver is successfully demonstrated by modulating M-QAM, and M-PSK signal with 40 Msps in the two-band of 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.344-353
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• 2016

The cause of abnormal tidal residuals was examined by analyzing sea levels, sea surface atmospheric pressures, winds at ten tide stations, and current, measured at the coast of the Yellow Sea from the night of November $24^{th}$ to the morning of the $25^{th}$ in 2013, along with weather chart. Additionally, the cross-correlations among the measured data were also examined. The 'abnormal tidal residuals' mentioned in this study refer to differences between maximum and minium tidal residuals. The largest abnormal tidal residual was identified to be a difference of 176 cm occurring over 4 hours and 1 minute at YeongJongDo (YJD) with a maximum tidal residual of 111 cm and minimum of -65 cm. The smallest abnormal tidal residual was 68 cm at MoSeulPo (MSP) during 8 hours 52 minutes. The cause of these abnormal tidal residuals was not a meteo-tsunami generated by an atmospheric pressure jump but wind generated by the pressure patterns. The flow speed due to these abnormal tidal residuals as measured at ten tide stations was not negligible, representing 16 ~ 41 % of the annual average ebb current speed. From the cross correlation among the tidal residuals, winds, and tidal residual currents, we learned the northern flow, due to southerly winds, raised the sea level at Incheon when a low pressure center located on the left side of the Korean Peninsula. After passing the Korean Peninsula, a southern flow due to northerly winds decreased the sea level.