• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.708-712
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• 1987

This paper deals with minimizing layout area of VLSI design. A long wire in a VLSI layout causes delay which can be reduced by using a driver. There can be significant area increase when many drivers are introduced in a layout. This paper describes a method to obtain tight bound on the worst-case increase in area when drivers are introduced along many long wires in a layout. The area occupied by minimum-area embedding for a circuit can depend on the aspect ratio of the bounding rectangle of the layout. This paper presents a separator-based area optimal embeddings for VLSI graphs in rectangles of several aspect ratios.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.679-683
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• 2009

최근 22년간(1986-2007년)의 기상청 자료를 이용하여 태풍의 발생 해역별(A해역: 캐롤라인 마샬군도 부근 해역, B해역 : 북위 20도 이북 해역, C해역 : 필리핀 근해, D해역 : 남중국해)로, 태풍의 발생 수 및 세기에 관하여 분석하였다. 태풍의 연평균 발생 수는 26.3개로, 모든 해역에서 공통적으로 감소하는 추세를 보인다. 특히, A해역에서 감소 추세가 현저하고, D해역에서는 감소 추세가 미미하다. 태풍이 가장 많이 발생하는 해역은 A해역(연평균 13.8개, 전체의 약 53％)이고, 그 다음은 C해역(5.6개, 약 21％), B해역(3.8개, 약 14％), D해역(3.1개, 약 12％)의 순서이다. 태풍의 세기는 A해역에서 발생하는 것이 가장 강하고(중심최저기압의 평균 951hPa), 그 다음은 C해역(970hPa), B해역(975hPa), D해역(983hPa)의 순서이다. 그리고 전 해역을 대상으로 하여 연평균 중심최저기압의 시계열 분포를 살펴보면, 태풍의 중심최저기압은 미세하게 하강하는 추세를 보인다. 이는 태풍의 세기가 서서히 강해지고 있음을 의미한다. 금번의 연구 결과는 지구 온난화에 따른 태풍의 수와 세기의 변화에 대한 여러 수치실험 결과와 일치한다.

• 대기
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

Urbanization affects the local thermal environment due to the large scale land use changes. To investigate the weather environment change of large scale urban redevelopment, 9 surface temperature and humidity observations were accomplished at Eunpyeong new town area. The observation period is from March 2007 to February 2010. In the center of development area, the air temperature has increased and relative humidity has decreased, by the changes of the land cover and building construction. In the area where the green zone is maintained, air temperature and relative humidity were not changed significantly. The air temperature and relative humidity for the other development observation stations is decreased and increased, respectively. The relative temperature difference between study area and a neighboring rural location was increased during observation periods. The difference is the highest during winter. The urban-rural minimum temperature difference was increased at development area, which means that urbanization affects increasing of minimum temperature in study area.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2019

Purpose: This study tries to propose the dimensions and area related to patient bed and surroundings in ICU considering nurses' observation and medical care. Methods: Literature survey, 11 Case studies, some Interviews with nurses and measuring of medical equipments' dimension in ICU have been mobilized in order to deepen the ICU bed area standards. Results: 0.3m clearance between head wall and patient bed is necessary for emergency cases. The minimum distance at the foot of the bed should not be less than 0.9m for EMR cart and medical tray. The clear floor area of one bed and surroundings in open ward is $10.2m^2(3m{\times}3.4m)$. In a single-bed patient room, the minimum clear floor area is $16.0m^2(4m{\times}4m)$. Considering the control of cross infection in ICU, Single bed patient room is recommended. Implications: The result of this study can be applied to the design of ICU and legislation of ICU standard.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.32-44
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 중부지방의 1월 최저기온 분포 특성을 파악하고 철원의 극한 최저기온의 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중부지방 25개 관측소의 1991~2010년 1월 기온 분포 특성과 철원 기온과 춘천, 홍천, 봉화, 대관령, 원주, 제천 등 중부내륙 지역의 기온 차이를 기압배치형에 따라 분석하였다. 일평균기온과 평균 일최저기온은 철원과 해발고도가 높은 지역에서 낮게 나타나지만, $-15^{\circ}C$ 이하 일수와 같은 극한기온의 출현빈도는 철원에서 두드러졌다. 시베리아 고기압이 확장하거나 우리나라 북쪽에 이동성 고기압이 위치할 때 철원 기온이 비교지점에 비해 상대적으로 더 낮다. 이동성 고기압의 영향을 받을 때는 철원과 비교지점 간 기온 차이가 적거나, 봉화, 제천과 같은 분지의 기온이 더 낮다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.191-194
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• 1998

In this research, two stochastic models are considered to detect and estimate the effect of air temperature change due to Industrialization In Ulsan area. Using the monthly mean minimum air temperature anomalies, the data are divided Into pre-Industrialization part and Industrialization one for analysis. The ARM(autoregressive moving-average) model and intervention model have been applied to the data for the analysis. The results show that the variability of minimum temperature anomalies are very significant In 1989, and also significant In 1971 when the Industrialization have started. Therefore, It Is stochastically possible to estimate the time when the affection of Increase of the temperature concerning Industrialization to climate change In Usm area has happened.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.533-545
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• 2022

Collection of data on several variables, especially in the field of medicine, results in the problem of measurement errors. The presence of such measurement errors may influence the outcomes or estimates of the parameter in the model. In classification scenario, the presence of measurement errors will affect the intrinsic cum summary measures of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. In the context of ROC curve, only a few researchers have attempted to study the problem of measurement errors in estimating the area under their respective ROC curves in the framework of univariate setup. In this paper, we work on the estimation of area under the multivariate ROC curve in the presence of measurement errors. The proposed work is supported with a real dataset and simulation studies. Results show that the proposed bias-corrected estimator helps in correcting the AUC with minimum bias and minimum mean square error.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2001

Sword bean belongs to the subgenus Canavalia in the genus Canavalia. White and reddish varieties in sword bean were tested to obtain the basic information for improving the yield, quality, and cultural environments through the quantitative growth analysis. Growing plants were sampled at intervals of 10 days from 20 days after sowing. Whole plant weight increased during the period of 11-20 days after sowing in both varieties. The weight of each organ between two varieties increased similarly except leaf area. Whole plant weight changed more close to pod weight than any other characters. The leaf areas of both varieties increased from 50 days after sowing, var. white displayed S type curved line but var. reddish displayed slow S type curved line. The SGR of whole plant weight in both varieties had 3 maxima and 2 minima, 3 maxima and first minimum were shown at the same period but the second minimum was shown at different period. Both varieties showed bimodal curved line. All SGR of each organ and leaf area were shown the 2 maxima and 1 minimum in both varieties. The changes of SLA and LAR were not remarkable between two varieties but these were united together with the maximum of whole plant weight and root weight. ULWR and ULWR were shown similar in both varieties. Reddish variety was more prosperous in early growth stage than white variety because SLA, LAR and LWR were high. In surplus weight, both varieties increased rapidly during the period of 111-120 days after sowing that was applicable to the maximum SGR of pod weight. Surplus weight of var. white increased markedly during the same period comparing those of var. reddish.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2016

논문은 저면적 비트-직렬 두 최소값 생성기를 제안한다. Min-sum 복호 알고리즘을 적용한 LDPC 복호기에서 두 최소값 생성기가 가장 큰 하드웨어 복잡도를 가지기 때문에, 두 최소값 생성기의 저면적 구현이 매우 중요하다. 하드웨어 면적을 줄이기 위해 비트-직렬 방식의 LDPC 복호기가 제안되었다. 하지만 기존의 비트-직렬 방식의 생성기는 하나의 최소값만 찾을 수 있어 BER 성능이 감소되었다. 제안하는 생성기는 두 최소값을 모두 찾을 수 있어 BER 성능열화를 극복하고 저면적의 LDPC 복호기 구현이 가능하다. 또한 기존의 두 최소값 생성기들과 비교하여 면적-시간 복잡도에서 가장 좋은 성능을 보인다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2007

We investigated the characteristics of temperature variations under different land covers (paddy field, upland, urban park, and urban residential area) during hot summer (July 15 to August 19, 2005). The temperatures were monitored using data loggers at one hour intervals in study sites. The mean temperature generally increased with the distance from edge of paddy fields, being $1.5^{\circ}C$ higher at a site 170-m far from paddy fields than at a paddy field area at 22 h. The mean daily temperatures in the study period followed the ordo. of paddy field $(26.6^{\circ}C)$ < upland $(27.0^{\circ}C)$ < park $(27.5^{\circ}C)$ < residential area $(28.0^{\circ}C)$. The paddy field area has shown remarkable cooling effects compared to the residential area: Mean duration of temperature below $25^{\circ}C$ in the paddy field area was longer (8.6 hrs) than in the residential area; The time to fall to below $25^{\circ}C$ in the paddy field area was sooner (22.4 hr) than in the residential area; Mean daily minimum temperature in the paddy field area was much lower $(2.4^{\circ}C)$ than in the residential area. More research is needed to better clarify the mechanism of cooling effect of a paddy field area by investigating heat balance of a paddy field.