• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.479-508
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• 2010

Korea is leading in G20 summit beginning in 2011 and the 19th United Nations World Tourism Organization(UNWTO) to attract international conferences and meetings. The interests on MICE have been increasing. The MICE, from the mid-l990s, was launched in Singapore in terms of the convention industry leader in Asia, stands for corporate a generic term of Meeting, tourism award Incentive, Convention, and Exhibition. The MICE has been showing many good results as a golden industry such that no pollution has occurred and the effect is very large invisible value can be created because most of the participants in international conference are opinion leaders in each country and they can be Korea brand promoters in their home country after attending the conference and returning to. Korea has been ranked at the world's 11th most-popular destination for international business meetings, confirming its world-class reputation for business events. Korea cities also featured highly on the list. Seoul was ranked seventh globally, while Busan jumped to sixth in Asia and Jeju came in at number eight. Changwon, Daegu, Daejeon, Gyeongju and Gwangju also made their debuts on the Asian list. Consequently, the economic & political effects of MICE industry were investigated and accordingly the revitalization of the global MICE bureau was discussed.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2018

Cyclohexanone ($C_6H_{10}O$, CAS No. 108-94-1) is a colorless oily liquid obtained through the oxidation of cyclohexane or dehydrogenation of phenol. It is used in the manufacture of adhesives, sealant chemicals, agricultural chemicals, paint and coating additives, solvent, electrical and electronic products, paints and coatings, photographic supplies, film, photochemicals, and as an intermediate in nylon production. Owing to the lack of information on repeated inhalation toxicity of cyclohexaone, in this study, we aimed to characterize the subacute inhalation toxicity. B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 50, 150, and 250 ppm of cyclohexanone for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks via whole-body inhalation in accordance with the OECD Test Guideline 412 (subacute inhalation toxicity: 28-day study). Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, as well as gross and histopathological findings were evaluated between the control and exposure groups. No mortality or remarkable clinical signs were observed during the study. No adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, and organ weights, gross or histopathological lesions were observed in any male or female mice in any of the exposure groups, although some statistically significant changes were observed in organ weights. We concluded that no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) is above 250 ppm in mice exposed to cyclohexanone for 6 hr/day for 5 days/week.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 2019

In vivo micronucleus tests were performed to investigate the mutagenic potential of 4-butylaniline and N-butylaniline, which are used in dye intermediates and organic intermediates respectively. Groups of 5 male ICR mice were treated with vehicle or 4-butylaniline for 2 consecutive days by oral gavage at concentrations of 0 (control), 64, 160, 400, and 1000 mg/kg. Statistically significant and dose-dependent increases were found for micronuclei frequencies in male mice (p <0.05). These results suggest that 4-butylaniline can induce genetic effects in the micronuclei of male mouse bone marrow cells. Based on the positive results obtained in cytogenetic analyses of somatic cells in vivo, Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals Category 2 was assigned. N-butylaniline was administered for 2 consecutive days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at dose of 0 (control), 64, 160, 400, and 800 mg/kg. N-butylaniline tested negative for micronuclei induction in mice, although N-butylaniline was associated with micronucleus induction at the highest dose. Based on the negative results obtained for cytogenetic analyses of somatic cells in vivo, "Not Classified" was assigned.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study was conducted to examine the effect of Cudraniae Tricuspidatae Radix(CTR), which is the radix part of Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau, on cytokine secretion from the joint cells and spleen cells of mice with arthritis induced by collagen and verify its efficacy against rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : Three kinds of extract were prepared from CTR through extraction with hot-water and ethanol. The levels of cytokine secreted from the cells were measured, after the mice knee joint cells were cultured with each extract. Results : The three kinds of extracts from CTR decreased the growth rate and levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ from knee joint cells of mice. All of the organic-soluble fraction, such as hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol, and residual water-soluble fraction decreased the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-10. Conclusion : These results suggest that CTR had some effects on rheumatitis, with fat and water-solubles in organic solvent considered as the effective element.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study purposed to examine the effect of Cudraniae Lignum, which is the wooden part of Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae), on cytokine secretion from the joint cells of mice with arthritis induced by collagen and verify its efficacy against rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We prepared the hot-water extract, ethanol extract and methanol extract of Cudraniae Lignum, and tested their effects on cytokine secretion from the joint cells of mice with arthritis induced by collagen. Results : 1. Cudraniae Lignum reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1$\beta$, INF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 from joint cells. 2. The effect for reducing the secretion of IL-1$\beta$, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 was strong in order of methanol extract, ethanol extract and hot water extract. 3. Considering the effect on cytokine secretion, the effective element is soluble in organic solvent, and is not volatile. 4. The ethanol extract and methanol extract of Cudraniae Lignum lowered the survival rate of cells significantly, but still the survival rate was over 92%, suggesting the low toxicity of the extracts. Conclusions : Cudraniae Lignum is considered effective for rheumatoid arthritis, and the effective element is considered soluble in organic solvent.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.227-232
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• 2022

This study is an exploratory study on the sustainable management of MICE events, and was conducted using the FGI method. Twelve experts in the MICE field, industry, and academia were selected as the subjects of the study. The reason is that understanding and specialty of those targets provides research reliability and validity. The study period was 3 months from June to August 2021. As a result, it is very important to prepare a sustainable development strategy in the MICE industry, and in particular, the need for guidelines to be practiced during event operation from the organizer's point of view was derived. In addition, to derive items that can be used in practice based on the theoretical basis, and it was necessary to derive research results using internationally recognized Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) and sustainable MICE research developed in the fields of tourism and MICE. Therefore, through the verification of such experts in the field of MICE, theoretical and practical guidelines from the perspective of the organizer that can be used when holding MICE were developed. The results of the study will provide implications for establishing more effective strategies for hosting sustainable MICE events in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2009

This study aimed to determine whether or not glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau fruit(CTB glycoprotein) exerts a hepatoprotective effect on liver injury induced by the administration of carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$, 1.0mL/kg) to A/J mice. Following the administration of CTB glycoprotein(0-20mg/kg), the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)), and the quantities of measured thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and nitric oxide(NO) were evaluated from the murine liver tissues and plasma. Additionally, the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-${\kappa}B$) was assessed after pretreatment with $CCl_4$. When the mice were treated with $CCl_4$ alone, the activities of antioxidative enzymes reduced but amounts of TBARS, LDH, and NO increased. However, the results of treatment with CTB glycoprotein(10 and 20 mg/kg) revealed significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD, CAT, and GPx), as compared with $CCl_4$ alone. On the other hand, the result showed significant diminutions of the quantities of TBARS, LDH, and NO after treatment with CTB glycoprotein(10 and 20 mg/kg), as compared to $CCl_4$ alone. The activity of NF-${\kappa}B$ also declined after pretreatment with CTB glycoprotein, as compared with $CCl_4$ treatment alone. Thus, it is suggested that the CTB glycoprotein exerts a protective effect against $CCl_4$-induced liver injury in A/J mice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A variety of immunomodulators can improve the efficacy of low-dose chemotherapeutics. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC), a mushroom mycelia extract, has been shown to be a strong immunomodulator. Whether AHCC could enhance the antitumor effect of low-dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) via regulation of host immunity is unknown. MATERIALS/METHODS: In the current study Hepatoma 22 (H22) tumor-bearing mice were treated with PBS, 5-FU ($10mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, i.p), or AHCC ($360mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, i.g) plus 5-FU, respectively, for 5 d. $CD^{3+}$, $CD^{4+}$, $CD^{8+}$, and NK in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr levels were measured by biochemical assay. IL-2 and $TNF{\alpha}$ in serum were measured using the RIA kit and apoptosis of tumor was detected by TUNEL staining. Bax, Bcl-2, and TS protein levels were measured by immunohistochemical staining and mRNA level was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Diet consumption and body weight showed that AHCC had no apparent toxicity. AHCC could reverse liver injury and myelosuppression induced by 5-FU (P < 0.05). Compared to mice treated with 5-FU, mice treated with AHCC plus 5-FU had higher thymus index, percentages of $CD^{3+}$, $CD^{4+}$, and NK cells (P < 0.01), and ratio of $CD^{4+}$/$CD^{8+}$ (P < 0.01) in peripheral blood. Radioimmunoassay showed that mice treated with AHCC plus 5-FU had the highest serum levels of IL-2 and $TNF{\alpha}$ compared with the vehicle group and 5-FU group. More importantly, the combination of AHCC and 5-FU produced a more potent antitumor effect (P < 0.05) and caused more severe apoptosis in tumor tissue (P < 0.05) compared with the 5-FU group. In addition, the combination of AHCC and 5-FU further up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) (P < 0.01), while it down-regulated the expression of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the claim that AHCC might be beneficial for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to identify and compare the anti-diabetic effects of mulberry leave (ML), silkworm (SK), mulberry fruit (MF), and Cudrania tricuspidata BUREAU (CT) extracts in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese and diabetic mice. C57BL/6N mice were assigned to six groups: normal diet (ND, n=7), HFD (n=10), HFD with 5% ML powder (ML, n=10), HFD with 2% SK powder (SK, n=10), HFD with 5% MF powder (MF, n=10), and HFD with 5% CT powder (CT, n=10). Mice were fed their assigned diet for 14 weeks. ML group showed significant reduction in levels of plasma glucose and insulin compared with the HFD group. Plasma total cholesterol (T-C) was significantly reduced by ML and SK compared with the HFD group. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HTR (HDL-C to T-C ratio) levels of the ML, SK, MF, and CT groups were significantly elevated compared to the HFD group. Moreover, concentrations of hepatic T-C and triglycerides in the ML, SK, MF, and CT groups were significantly reduced in comparison to the HFD group. Levels of pAKT, pS6K, and pAMPK significantly increased in the ML group compared with the HFD group. Taken together, ML appears to be the most potent anti-diabetic and anti-dyslipidemic substance among sericultural products. ML could be developed as a potential agent for diabetes and its complication management.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.747-754
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of high-oleate and normal-oleate peanut consumption on adipose mass and serum lipids in obese-induced C57BL/6J mice. After four weeks of the high-fat diet, mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control (NC) diet, high-fat control (HFC) diet, high-oleate peanut-seed (HOPS) diet, normal-oleate peanut-seed (NOPS) diet, high-oleate peanut-oil (HOPO) diet, and olive-oil (OO) diet. After four weeks, all four experimental diet groups showed significantly lower body weight and epididymal fat weight than HFC group. In four experimental diet groups, serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lower, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly higher than HFC group. TG was significantly decreased in HOPS group (92.1±1.2 mg/dL) than NOPS group (101.7±5.3 mg/dL, p<0.05). Similarly, LDL-C was significantly lower in HOPS group (66.1±2.8 mg/dL) than NOPS (76.9±1.5 mg/dL, p<0.05), on the other hand, HDL-C indicated a significant elevation in HOPS (50.5±2.1 mg/dL) than NOPS group (45.2±1.6 mg/dL, p<0.05). This result suggests that the consumption of high-oleate peanut has a favorable effect on the plasma lipid profile.