• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2016

2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is one of typical odorants in potable water sources, which is hardly removed by conventional water treatment process. In this study, three strains capable of removing 2-MIB singly from drinking water were isolated from activated carbon of sand filter. They were identified to be Shinella zoogloeoides, Bacillus idriensis and Chitinophagaceae bacterium based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In mineral salts medium without external carbon source, removal efficiencies of $20{\mu}g/L$ 2-MIB in three days were 23.3%, 32.9% and 17.0% for Shinella zoogloeoides, Bacillus idriensis and Chitinophagaceae bacterium, respectively. The biodegradation of 2-MIB was significantly improved with the presence of cometabolism carbon(glycerol, glucose, etc.). In the period of 20 days, Bacillus idriensis can remove 2 mg/L MIB to $368.2{\mu}g/L$ and $315.4{\mu}g/L$ in mineral salts medium without and with glycerol respectively. The removal of 2-MIB by Bacillus idriensis was from 2 mg/L to $958.4{\mu}g/L$ in Xiba river samples on 15 days.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.455-460
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the distributions of the positive cells in rat spleens by two monoclonal antibodies of MT1 and MB2. The spleens of immature 10 rats (Sprague Duwely, approximately 200gm) were collected and paraffin-embedded sections of spleens were stained with immunohistochemical methods. Higher proportions of MT1-positive cell number in spleens were ordered as marginal zone(8.5~18.1%), red pulp(2.1~8.8%) and periarterial lymphoid sheath(0~1.6%) in white pulp, and those of MB2-positive cell number are ordered as the central area of the periarterial lymphoid sheath(100%), red pulp(29.1~45.0%), marginal zone(15.2~30.4%), and peripheral area of periarterial lymphoid sheath(2.3~3.5%). The positive cells by MB2 are more numerous in number than by MT1. The above results were concluded that the positive cells by above two monoclonal antibodies were scattered throughout the red pulp and marginal zone, but in the central area of the periarterial lymphoid sheath, the MB2-positive cells only were present.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.713-719
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• 2005

SPME (Soild phase microextraction) has been used in the analysis of many volatile organic compounds, such as geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water. SPME fiber is characterized by high adsorption capacity (DVB/CAR/PDMS, DVB/PDMS etc.). Although the highly active adsorption capacities of the SPME fiber are often to the chemical functional group, surface properties play a significant role in determining the surface adsorption capacities. The objectives of this study were to evaluate effect of residual chlorine on analysis of geosmin and 2-MIB. Image taken by SEM before preloaded with chlorine, the surface and porous media was almost perfect spherical shape and no clogging of pores. However, after preloaded with chlorine the surface was aggregated and pore was blocked. The recovery rate of geosmin and 2-MIB coexisting with chlorine was reduced by 35 to 62%. The recovery rate with preloaded with chlorine was reduced by 25 to 43%. The lower concentration of geosmin and 2-MIB and the higher concentration of chlorine existed in water, the lower the recovery rate was.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2018

To investigate the difference in the disinfectant efficiency of ozone microbubbles ($O_3MB$) and ozone millibubbles ($O_3MMB$), the morphological change of the treated Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis spores was observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM). The disinfectant efficiency of $O_3MB$ on F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis spores was greater than that of $O_3MMB$. On observation with SEM, it was revealed that morphological change of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis spores was caused by $O_3MB$ and $O_3MMB$, and damage to the spore surfaces by $O_3MB$ occurred sooner than that by $O_3MMB$. On observation with TEM, it was furthermore confirmed that F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis spores treated with $O_3MB$ induced wavy deformation of cell membrane and the intracellular change different from that with $O_3MMB$. Therefore, the greater disinfection efficiency of $O_3MB$ was suggested to be caused due to the function of the MB in addition to the oxidative power of $O_3$.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.355-360
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• 1984

Methylene blue(MB$^+$)와 tetraphenylborate(TPB$^-$)이 공존하는 묽은 수용액에서 MB+만의 흡수스펙트럼보다는 장파장 쪽에서 스펙트럼의 변화를 관찰하고, 이를 나타내는 화학종에 관한 연구를 흡수분광법으로 수행하였다. 소수성이 큰 이들 두 이온의 물의 구조를 덜 깨뜨리려는 힘에 의하여 이온쌍으로 되고 더 나아가 전자밀도가 높은 TPB$^-$로 부터 전자가 옮겨진 전하이동 착물이 그것일수도 있다. 그러나 MB$^+$만의 최대 흡수 파수를 기준으로 1,000cm$^{-1}$ 만큼 높고 낮은 두 흡수띠를 보였으므로 중이온쌍, (MB-TPB)$_2$가 새로운 흡수를 보이는 주된 화학종으로 생각되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2023

The biosorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated using dried Rhodotorula glutinis as the biosorbent. The effects of pH, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dosage, and kinetic studies were determined to obtain valuable information for biosorption. Results indicated that most of the adsorbed MB bound within 30 minutes of contact and the MB adsorption capacity increased from 21.1 to 101.8 mg/g with the initial MB concentration increased from 50 to 300 mg/L. Additionally, the MB adsorption capacity gradually increased from pH 4.0 to 9.0, reaching its peak at an initial pH of 9.0. As the biomass load was increased from 0.25 to 4.0 g/L, the MB removal efficiency increased from 14.1 to 84.5%. The Langmuir model provided the best fit throughout the concentration range, and the maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) and Langmuir constant (b) were determined to be 135.14 mg/g and 0.026 l/mg, respectively. Furthermore, the biosorbent process of R. glutinis was found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics and the calculated q_eq,cal value showed good agreement with the experimental q_eq value. Overall, the biosorption of MB by R. glutinis can be characterized as a monolayer, single site type phenomenon, and the rate-limiting step was determined to be the chemical reaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2016

In this study, we compared two different tumor cell vaccines for their induction of anti-tumor immunity; one was a tumor cell clone expressing a membrane-bound form of IL-12 p35 subunit (mbIL-12 p35 tumor clone), and the other was a tumor clone expressing heterodimeric IL-12 as a single chain (mb-scIL-12 tumor clone). The stimulatory effect of mb-scIL-12 on the proliferation of ConA-activated splenocytes was higher than that of mbIL-12 p35 in vitro. However, the stimulatory effect of mbIL-12 p35 was equivalent to that of recombinant soluble IL-12 (3 ng/ml). Interestingly, both tumor clones (mbIL-12 p35 and mb-scIL-12) showed similar tumorigenicity and induction of systemic anti-tumor immunity in vivo, suggesting that tumor cell expression of the membrane-bound p35 subunit is sufficient to induce anti-tumor immunity in our tumor vaccine model.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.635-643
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• 2002

연구배경 : 완전 자동화된 액체배양법과 기존의 고체배양법을 이용하여 폐결핵환자의 객담내 mycobacterium의 신속검출율 및 양성판정시까지의 시간을 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 1월 1일부터 2002년 6월 30일 사이에 본원에 입원 혹은 외래에서 폐결핵으로 치료중인 환자 127명의 객담검체를 이용하였으며, 배양 중 오염된 28개의 검체(MB/BacT system 18개, L-J배지 14개, 4검체는 두 배양법 모두에서 오염)를 제외한 99명의 객담검체를 대상으로 하였다. 검체는 4% NaOH로 전처치한 후 4300rpm으로 20분간 원심분리한 후 멸균된 phosphate buffer(pH 6.8)를 첨가하여 2ml로 만들어 MB/BacT bottle에 0.5ml, Lowenstein-Jensen배지에 0.25ml를 접종한 후 $35-37^{\circ}C$에 6-12주간 배양하면서 균검출율과 양성판정시까지의 시간을 비교하였다. 결 과 : MB/Bact system과 L-J배양볍 중 어느 한 방법에서 균성장이 발견된 검제는 677B (67.7%) 였다. 두배양법 모두에서 균성장이 발견된 겸체는 5252.5%) 개였으며, MB/BacT에서만 발견된 검체는 15개 (15.2%) 였으나 L-J배양법에서만 발견된 경우는 없었다. 객담검체의 ZN염색법으로 항산균 집균도말겸사상 양성인 검체는 58개, 음성인 검체는 41개였다. 58개의 도말양성 검체 가운데 MB/BacT system에 양성을 보인 검체는 %개 (96.6%), L-J배지양성은 467B (79.3%) 였으며, 균성장 평균 발견시간은 각각 11.0일과 23.5일이었다. 41개의 도말음성검체 가운데 MB/BacT system에 양성을 보인 검체는 11개 (26.8%), L-J배지양성은 6개 (14.6%)였으며, 균성장 평균 발견시간은 각각 13.7일과 27.6일 이었다. 전체적으로 MB/BacT system과 L-J배양법에서 균성장 발견시 간은 각각 $13.3{\pm}8.3$일, $27.2{\pm}0.9$일이었다. 결 론 : 완전 자동화된 MB/BacT system은 L-J배지에 비해 mycobacterium의 검출율이 높고 발견시간이 단축되었다. MB/BacT는 방사성 물질을 사용하지 않는 장점이 있으므로 모든 검사실에 사용하기에 적당할 것으로 보이며, 균동정을 위하여 특이한 DNA probe와 병용하면 CDC가 권고한 결과보고 시간에 근접할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2020

본 연구는 인간 유래 유방 암세포 MDA-MB-231를 대상으로 CA에 의한 세포사멸, 세포 이동 및 침윤 효과를 조사하였다. 암세포의 증식 억제 효과는 CA 농도 의존적으로 증식률이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. CA에 의한 apoptosis 양성 세포를 확인하기 위해 DAPI stain를 진행한 결과, CA 농도 의존적으로 죽은 세포를 확인하였다. MDA-MB-231 세포에서 CA에 의한apoptosis marker 단백질 발현 증가와 ROS production증가를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 CA에 의한 MDA-MB-231의 세포 이동률이 유의적으로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 세포의 이동과 전이 능력 또한 CA를 처리한 군에서 통계적으로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해서 CA의 암세포 증식률 억제, 세포사멸 증가, 그리고 세포 이동 및 전이 억제 효과가 나타나는 것을 확인했으며, 이 결과를 통해서 향후 유방암에 대한 항암제로 개발될 수 있는 가능성을 가지고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 2009

Background and Objectives : Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a medical plant that has been widely utilized as a tonic and nutritional agent since ancient times in Korea. Ginseng has anti-metastatic property of cancer and immunomodulating activity. The novel acidic polysaccharide compound(MB40) was isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. To determine immunomodulating activities of MB40, we evaluate anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects of MB40 in tumor bearing immune competent mice. Material and Methods : C3H mice were divided into three equal groups(Cisplatin treatment group, MB40 treat-ment group, Cisplatin and MB40 treatment group) and were transplanted SCC(Squamous Cell Carcinoma) cells(2${\times}$106) to the lateral side of abdomen. From day 4 after transplantation, MB40 was administrated at dose of 10mg/kg, respectively, every other day by intratumoral injection. Cisplatin was systemically administrated at doses of 1mg/kg, respectively, every week by intraperitoneal injection. Results : 5 days after administration, tumors can be palpated in every mice group. After 13 days of administration, the mice group to which MB40 were administrated exhibited reduction in tumor size respectively, compared to cisplatin group. Overall status of mice such as body weight and activity were superior in MB40 group than cisplatin group. Conclusion : The result of this study indicates MB40 may have significant therapeutic effect and decreases complications induced by systemic chemotheraphy. MB40 may be developed as a novel and potent immunotropics to improve the cell immune system and anti-cancer drug for the treatment of cancer patients in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.