• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental stress, social support, and coping behavior on burnout among mothers caring for children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional, descriptive study were 185 mothers who completed a self-report structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regression analyses with IBM SPSS Win 22 program. Results: Parental stress and coping behavior were strong predictors of burnout among mothers of children with cerebral palsy. These variables explained 50.0% of the variance in burnout. Social support was not a predictor of burnout. A higher level of burnout was associated with higher levels of parental stress and lower levels of social support and coping behavior. Conclusion: Mothers of children with cerebral palsy are vulnerable to burnout. These results show that effective strategies for reducing parental stress and improving positive coping behavior are needed to reduce burnout in these mothers.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.848-860
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to help children with poor learning capacity to enhance their sense of self-efficacy by providing them the tea-culture education program. It had been executed for the target participants of 11 in 2012, 19 in 2013 and 24 in 2014 respectively during 3 years the participants who were recruited by 00 District office Dream start. The scores of pretest and posttest for the item of self-efficacy by gender did not show a significant meaning in 2012, while the scores of self-efficacy of female students were identified as higher than those of male students in 2013 and 2014. As the result of applying the tea-culture education program, there was no meaningful difference in the item of social self-efficacy among the sub-components of typical self-efficacy in 2013, but all has been revealed as improved in 2012, 2013, and 2014 including sub-variables such as learning self-efficacy, social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy as well as the general self-efficacy. Thus, the results of this investigation show that the tea-culture education program were effective in developing the self-efficacy of learning maladjusted children.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.246-262
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• 2012

This study analyzed the trend of researches regarding parenting involvement of fathers with early childhood children in terms of research period, research content and research method. Forty master's thesis and doctoral dissertation and 22 articles were selected for final analysis. Collected data were analyzed using frequency and percentage ratio. The results of this study showed that research on the parenting involvement of fathers has been rapidly increased since 2005. From the perspective of research content, studies dealing with parenting involvement of fathers as an independent variable focused on early children and social and emotional variables. Most of studies dealing with parenting involvement of fathers as an dependent variable consistently dealt with demographic variables. From the perspective of research method, most researches were quantitative and non-experimental. No research was done using qualitative method and all researches except one were done using non-experimental method. The number of participants in most researches were over 100 and less than 400. Most researches used participants from one particular district. Research instruments validated in Korea were used in most researches. These results were discussed with suggestions for further study.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.366-370
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• 2018

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important diseases that cause significant mortality and morbidity in young children. Data on TB transmission from an infected child are limited. Herein, we report a case of disseminated TB in a child and conducted a contact investigation among exposed individuals. Methods: A 4-year-old child without Bacille Calmette-$Gu{\acute{e}}rin$ vaccination was diagnosed as having culture-proven disseminated TB. The child initially presented with symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease, and nosocomial and kindergarten exposures were reported. The exposed individuals to the index case were divided into 3 groups, namely household, nosocomial, or kindergarten contacts. Evaluation was performed following the Korean guidelines for TB. Kindergarten contacts were further divided into close or casual contacts. Chest radiography and tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma-releasing assay were performed for the contacts. Results: We examined 327 individuals (3 household, 10 nosocomial, and 314 kindergarten contacts), of whom 18 (5.5%), the brother of the index patient, and 17 kindergarten children were diagnosed as having latent TB infection (LTBI). LTBI diagnosis was more frequent in the children who had close kindergarten contact with the index case (17.1% vs. 4.4%, P=0.007). None of the cases had active TB. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of TB transmission among young children from a pediatric patient with disseminated TB in Korea. TB should be emphasized as a possible cause of chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive in children. A national TB control policy has been actively applied to identify Korean children with LTBI.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.189-203
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the current barriers of obesity management for children using Community Child Care Centers and their caregivers (parents and teachers working in the Centers). Further, this study explored the possibility of utilizing a mobile phone application for tailored obesity prevention and management programs to overcome the current difficulties associated with children's obesity management. Methods: The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 obese and overweight children or children who wanted to participate in this study using Community Child Care Centers, 12 teachers working at the Centers, and a focus group interview with five parents of children using the Centers. Data were analyzed with a thematic approach categorizing themes and sub-themes based on the transcripts. Results: The current barriers of obesity management of obese and overweight children using Community Child Care Centers were lack of self-directed motivation regarding obesity management (chronic obesity-induced lifestyles and reduced self-confidence due to stigma) and lack of support from households and Community Child Care Centers (latchkey child, inconsistency in dietary guidance between the Center and household, repetitive pressure to eat, and absence of regular nutrition education). Mobile phone applications may have potential to overcome the current barriers by providing handy and interesting obesity management based on visual media (real-time tracking of lifestyles using behavior records and social support using gamification), environmental support (supplementation of parental care and network-based education between the Community Child Care Center and household), and individualized intervention (encouragement of tailored and gradual changes in eating habits and tailored goal setting). It is predicted that the real-time mobile phone program will provide information for improving nutritional knowledge and behavioral skills as well as lead to sustainable children's coping strategies regarding obesity management. In addition, it is expected that environmental factors may be improved by network-based education between the Community Child Care Centers and households using the characteristics of mobile phones, which are free from space and time constraints. Conclusions: The tailored education program for children using Community Child Care Centers based on mobile phones may prevent and reduce childhood obesity by overcoming the current barriers of obesity management for children, providing environmental and individualized support to promote healthy lifestyles and quality of life in the future.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.256-268
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• 2007

The present research investigated the relationship between social competence and behaviour problems of children with mental retardation. Participants were 73 from both regular and special education schools. Social competence and behaviour problems were measured using the Teacher-Child Rating Scale. An important findings of this study described as the following. First, there were no significant differences in social competence and behaviour problems between boys and girls. Second, there were moderate significant differences in social competence between lower and higher grade children with mental retardation. Children who are higher grade had a significantly more social competence when compared with children who are lower grade. But there are no significant differences in behaviour problems between lower and higher grade. Third, there were moderate significant differences in social competence between lower and higher IQ children with mental retardation. Children who are higher IQ had a significantly higher level of social competence and significantly lower level of behaviour problems, when compared with children who are lower IQ. Forth, there were moderate significant differences in social competence between the regular schools and special education groups. Children who attended special education schools had a significantly higher level of social competence and significantly lower level of behaviour problems, when compared with children who attended regular schools. Fifth, social competence of children with mental retardation was negatively related to behaviour problems. These findings suggest that characteristics of social competence and behaviour problems of students with mental retardation should be considered in order to successfully implement social competence interventions of students with mental retardation.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.115-133
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of the study was to develop a mathematics education program utilizing food to improve the mathematical abilities of 4-year-olds and to analyze the effects of this program on 4-years-olds' mathematical concepts (number and operation, algebra, geometry, measurement, data analysis, and probability). Methods: The study selected 30 4-year-olds from two daycare centers located in K city. The experimental group (N=15) participated in the mathematics education program utilizing food, 10 times for five weeks, while the comparative group (N=15) participated in the seasonal mathematics education program based on the Nuri Curriculum. The activities of this intervention program were designed to cover all domains of Mathematical Exploratory areas in the Nuri Curriculum. For data processing and analysis, pre-test and post-test score differences between the two groups were analyzed through MANCOVA. Results: The experimental group had significantly higher scores on five mathematical concepts compared with the control group. A mathematics education program utilizing food had the positive effect of improving 4-year-olds' mathematical ability. Conclusion/Implications: Mathematic education programs utilizing food are recommended as necessary pedagogical data to develop the mathematical abilities of children in education centers, families, or relating to parenting education.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.23-44
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to investigate the accomodations for the disabled children of the elementary schools in Suwon and to give helpful information to the parents and teachers for the improvement of the independence of disabled children at school. We measured the ramps, toilets, doorways and other accomodations in 64 elementary schools according to the checklists. The checklists of these facilities were based on the legal requirements of "The Act for the Benefit of the Disabled, Elderly and Pregnant Women". The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and the ${\chi}^2$ test. None of the investigated schools satisfied all the legal requirements of the facilities. Fifteen elementary schools had adequate accomodations for the disabled children which allowed them to move independently from the entrance of the school to their classrooms located on the first floor. Only eight of fifteen schools had elevators to access their classrooms upstairs. The schools were divided into two groups according to their construction dates; before and after April 11th 1998, when "The Act for the Benefit of the Disabled, Elderly and Pregnant Women" took effect. There were statistically significant differences in the number of toilets, the width of the toilet entrance, and the slope of the ramps between the two groups (p<.05). We suggest that the accomodations for the disabled children need to be established on a systematic and on-going basis in the future. The teachers and administrators should be more aware of the legal requirements for appropriate accomodations for the disabled children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.879-888
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• 2012

Purpose: There is evidence that parent-child cohesion is a potentially influential factor in children's self-esteem and acculturation. However, no research to date has examined cohesion with parents as a potential pathway between Korean proficiency and self-esteem or acculturation among children from multicultural families. This study was done to address these limitations by examining whether and to what extent cohesion with parents mediated the effect of Korean proficiency on self-esteem and acculturation among children from multicultural families. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 138 mothers and their children living in Seoul, Daegu, Kyungi province, and Kyungpook province. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between the variables of interest. Mediation effects of cohesion with parents were tested by following the procedure recommended by Baron and Kenny (1986). Results: Cohesion with parents partially mediated the relationship between Korean proficiency and self-esteem. For children's acculturation, the effect of Korean proficiency was partially mediated through father-child cohesion. Mother-child cohesion completely mediated the relationship between Korean proficiency and acculturation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that to help children from multicultural families experiencing difficulties with self-esteem or acculturation, it might be useful to develop programs that are aimed at strengthen cohesion with parents.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.909-919
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to apply the learning clinic program to the maladjusted children to help the cognitive processing style, sense type and learning strategy. The results were as follows. First, the cognitive processing style of low-grade elementary school children is divided into the concept of sequential low-order style, which analyzes information sequentially and consecutively, concrete thinking style that processes real and direct information coming in from outside, and invisible principle or information. The abstract cognitive thinking style improved after the process before the program proceeded. However, There was no meaningful result in the simultaneous processing cognitive style which had excellent intuition and emotion and likes change. Second, the temporal lobe in which the linguistic activity is viewed, heard and spoken in the sensory type, the function of the occipital lobe in which the character or the language is processed is improved, but the function of the parietal lobe in moving and manipulating the body is not significant. Finally, factors that contribute to learning such as sincerity, learning initiative, study method, study habits, and concentration are helpful in learning and school life.