• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

In the present study, we investigated whether volatile organic compounds induce inflammatory response in human T lymphocytes by evaluating the alteration of inflammatory cytokines. Volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde, o-xylene, benzene, and hydroquinone have no cytotoxic effects on Jurkat T cells at a high concentration of 50 ${\mu}M$ for 48 h. IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ were increased after the treatment with volatile organic compounds, although alteration of cytokines is different among volatile organic compounds. LPS as a positive control increased the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$. MCP-1 and CCL17 (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, TARC) were weakly increased after the treatment with volatile organic compounds but the amount of the increased cytokine was below 20 pg/ml. These results suggest that the measurement of cytokine in Jurkat T cells may be used as a useful method for evaluating the toxicity of volatile organic compounds in immune response.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) includes a test that checks allergen-mediated skin reactions and a method of measuring the total IgE and allergen-specific IgE in blood. However, these test methods are performed directly on the patient, which cause some pain or discomfort. In addition, the skin response test or IgE may result in false negative in about 20% of patients. In the present study, to identify specific biomarkers, HaCaT cells were used as a human keratinocyte that make up the skin, were treated IL-4 and IL-13 for 24 hours to induce a situation similar to keratinocytes in AD patients. In the HaCaT cells, pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-5, IL-6, and MCP-1 were increased by IL-4 and IL-13 and skin barrier proteins was reduced by IL-4 and L-13. This results showed that a situation similar to the stratum corneum of an actual patient is induced in HaCaT cells. And then the secretions of Kallikrein (KLK) 5 and KLK7 protease were checked by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was specifically increased by IL-4 and IL-13. This showed that AD-related protease can be detected at the protein level using keratinocytes that can be taken in a non-invasive manner and suggested the possibility of applying it to AD diagnosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 2010

Objectives : On an experimental basis, the effects of atopic dermatitis induced materials on the expression of cytokine genes in human monocytes (THP-1, U937) and mast cells were studied. This study was carried out to be considered a fundamental knowledge in the research on the good of oriental medicine. Methods : After culturing THP-1, U937, and HMC-1, with the three different concentrations of LPS ($1\;{\mu}g/ml$), DPE ($10\;{\mu}g/ml$), and DNCB ($1\;{\mu}g/ml$), atopic dermatitis induced materials were treated in the culture medium. To investigate cytokine genes expression patterns, with lysis buffer and separation reagent, total RNA was extracted from THP-1, U937, and HMC-1 at intervals of 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Both cytokine mRNA expression patterns by atopic dermatitis induced materials and change of cytokine genes expression patterns in relation to atopy by selenium were analyzed with RT-PCR. Also IL-4 and INF-$\gamma$, which were secreted in the HMC-1, were analyzed using ELISA method. Results : 1. After treating THP-1 and U937 with LPS, DPE, and DNCB, there was no significant change in cytokine genes themselves, but various cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IFN-$\gamma$, IFN-a, MCP-1, B2-MG) were expressed. 2. In the case of HMC-1, the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased in the analysis of mRNA expression by dust mite allergens in DPE. 3. As a result of ELISA method, it is certain that IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ protein were secreted in the HMC-1 by DPE. 4. Selenium, an essential trace element, decreased the IL-10 and IL-13 expression in the HMC-1 by DPE. Conclusion : The results suggest that it is necessary to choose proper atopic dermatitis induced materials and suitable cultured cells in establishment of in vitro model of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.579-585
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• 2006

We fabricated BSCCO-2212 (2212) rod by the melt casting process (MCP) and evaluated the effect of the melt flowing on the critical current ($I_c$) by using vertical and tilt casting. It was observed that the $2212-SrSO_4$ rod processed by the tilt casting method with homogeneous pre-heating temperature of the mold had a higher $I_c$ than that processed by the vertical casting method. We also evaluated the influence of the strontium sulfates ($SrSO_4$) addition on the texture, microstructure, critical current and temperature, and mechanical hardness of the $2212-SrSO_4$ rods. It was observed that the addition of $SrSO_4$ improved the critical current ($I_c$) and mechanical hardness of the 2212. The $I_c$ of the 2212 increased as the $SrSO_4$ content increased and reached a peak value (260 A at 77 K) at an $SrSO_4$ content of 6 wt.%. In addition, the addition of $SrSO_4$ had a beneficial effect on the mechanical hardness of the 2212. We studied the possible cause of the variation in the $I_c$ with the melt flowing and the $SrSO_4$ content based on the XRD, EPMA analysis and the microstructural observation.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

In order to examine if met-masts wind data can exchange each other for wind resource assessment, an investigation was carried out in Kimnyeong and Haengwon regions of Jeju Island. The two regions are both simple terrain and 4.31 km away from each other. The one-year wind speed data measured by 70 m-high anemometers of each met-mast of the two regions were analysed in detail. Measure-Correlate-Predict (MCP) method was applied to the two regions using the 10-year Automatic Weather System (AWS) wind data of Gujwa region for creating 10-year Wind Statistics by running WindPRO software. The two 10-year Wind Statistics were applied to the self-met mast point for self prediction of Annual Energy Production (AEP) and Capacity Factor (CF) and the each other's met mast point for mutual prediction of them. As a result, when self-prediction values were reference, relative errors of mutual prediction values were less than 1% for AEP and CF so that met masts wind data under the same condition of this study could exchange each other for estimating accurate wind resource.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.444-448
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• 2005

This paper presents a developing procedure of the CAN-based real-time simulator for car body control, aiming at replacing the actual W/H (Wiring Harness) and J/B(Junction Box) couple eventually. The CAN protocol, as one kind of field-bus communication, defines the lowest 2 layers of the ISO/OSI standard, namely, the physical layer(PL) and the data link layer(DLL), for which the CSMA/NBA protocol is generally adopted. For CPU, two PIC18Fxx8x's are used because of their built-in integration of CAN controller, large internal FLASH memory (48K or 64K), and their costs. To control J/B's and actuators, 2 controller boards are separately implemented, between which CAN lines communicate through CAN transceivers MCP255. A power motor for washing windshield, 1 door lock motor, and 6 blink lamps are chosen for actuators of the simulator for the first stage. For the software architecture, a polling method is used for the fast global response time despite its slow individual response time. To improve the individual response time and to escape from some eventual trapped-function loops, High/Low ports of the CPU are simply used, which increases the stability of the actuator modules. The experimental test shows generally satisfactory results in normal transmitting / receiving function and message trace function. This simulator based on CAN shows a promising usefulness of lighter, more reliable and intelligent distributed body control approach than the conventional W/H and J/B couple. Another advantage of this approach lies in the distributed control itself, which gives better performance in hard real-time computing than centralized one, and in the ability of integrating different modules through CAN.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 2002

Background: The type 2 deviated immunological state is predominant in lepromatous leprosy. Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an immune-complex mediated reaction that typically occurs in lepromatous leprosy. To date, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, IL-10, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-1 receptor antagonist and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were reported to be higher in lepromatous leprosy. TNF-${\alpha}$ is also known to be higher in ENL, which is reduced after thalidomide treatment. However the serum type 2 chemokine levels in lepromatous leprosy patients have not been reported. Methods: The serum levels of the type 2 chemokines such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and eotaxin together with IL-12 and IL-10 in the sera from leprosy patients were detected using an enzyme-linked solvent assay (ELISA) method. Results: The Serum TARC, MDC, eotaxin, IL-10 and IL-12 levels in lepromatous leprosy patients were not significantly different from the normal control levels. The serum levels were not significantly different between the paucibacillary group and multibacillary group. The serum TARC or MDC levels in the ENL patients were more reduced after a treatment containing thalidomide. Conclusion: The type 2 chemokines are not related to the severity of lepromatous leprosy. The larger reducing effect of the TARC or MDC levels in ENL patients by a treatment containing thalidomide suggests the potential role of these chemokines in the development of ENL and the therapeutic mechanism of thalidomide.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 2002

In this work, the adsorption characteristics and mechanical interfacial properties of treated silicas by silane coupling agents, such as, ${\gamma}$-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (MPS), ${\gamma}$-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane (GPS), and ${\gamma}$-mercapto propyl trimethoxy silane (MCPS), were investigated. The equilibrium spreading pressure ($pi_e$), surface free energy ($gamma_s$ s/), and specific surface area ($S_{BET}$) were studied by the BET method with $N_2$/77 K adsorption. The developments of nonpolar functional groups of the silica surfaces treated by silane coupling agents led to the increase in the $S_{BET}$, $pi_e$, and $gamma_s$, resulting in the improved tearing energy ($G_{mc}$)of the silica/rubber composites. The composites treated by MPS showed the superior mechanical interfacial properties in these systems. These results explained by changing of crystalline size, dispersion, agglomerate, and surface functional group of silica/rubber composites.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.192-199
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the movement and home range of the red-tongued viper snake (Gloydius ussuriensis) from June 2006 to June 2009. This snake species inhabits an islet on Jeju Island, Gapado. A total of 132 individual snakes were marked during the study. Among the marked individuals, the number of snakes recaptured more than once was 22 (16.8 %) and the number of individuals recaptured more than twice was eight (6.1 %), indicating a relatively low recapture rate. The durations from capture to recapture varied from 1 to 710 days. However, the capture points were not much different, indicating that the moved distance of snakes and the interval between capture-recapture were not correlated. The home ranges of the Red-tongued viper snakes calculated from data of the snakes which were captured more than three times using the MCP(minimum convex polygon) method were $8{\sim}167m^2(64.0{\pm}57.0m^2)$, suggesting that this snake is relatively sedentary. Home range size differences between female ($Mean=62.0m^2$) and male ($Mean=66.0m^2$) snakes were not significant. In the red-tongued viper population of Gapado, there was no statistically significant relationship between body size and home range size although it was positively correlated (r=0.675). Our results provide valuable data to understand life patterns of the red-tongued viper snakes and will be useful when conducting further ecological studies on other snake species.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of smoothness and coordination of the fingers and upper extremities between skilled and non-skilled players during receiving the basketball. Method: Ten male recreational basketball players (age: $23.2{\pm}2.7yrs.$, career: $8.6{\pm}1.6yrs.$, height: $177.3{\pm}6.0$, weight: $72.9{\pm}8.5kg$) careering over five years and ten non-skilled males (age: $27.3{\pm}1.5yrs.$, height: $173.7{\pm}5.6$, weight: $73.2{\pm}12.6kg$) were participated in this study. Then, participants were asked to perform basketball receiving movement for ten times. The receiving movements were recorded by eight infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualisys, Sweden). The collected rad data were calculated to duration of basketball receiving, Jerk-Cost, CRP and CRP variability. Results: The CRP of MCP-Wr, Wr-El in skilled group were greater than non-skilled group (p<.05). The CRP variability of El-Sh in non-skilled group was greater than skilled group (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that skilled players perform more effective movement for impact absorption from the basketball. Moreover, the skilled players have consistent movement patterns during basketball performance. Lastly, it is important to train finger sensation and cognitive ability of thrown basketball from the passer.