• 치위생과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2016

이번 연구의 목적은 하이드록시아파타이트를 이용하여 블라스팅 처리한 뒤 양극산화 방법을 이용하여 하이드록시아파타이트와 이산화티탄이 복합된 표면을 만들고, 이에 대해 세포부착양상을 관찰하고 ALP 활성도와 칼슘 침착량을 측정함으로써 세포 분화능을 평가하여 표면의 생체적합성을 평가하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 실험을 진행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 접촉각 분석 결과, 복합처리된 HA+100과 HA+MAO 150은 유의하게 낮은 접촉각을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 세포부착 관찰 결과 연마 처리한 SM 시편에서는 납작한 모양으로 세포가 붙어있는 모습을 관찰할 수 있었으나, 표면 처리된 실험군에서는 세포의 모양이 시편을 따라 좀 더 길게 뻗어 부착된 모습을 관찰할 수 있었다. ALP 활성도 측정 결과 HA+MAO 150과 HA+MAO 200은 1, 2, 3주 모든 기간에서 가장 높은 ALP 활성도를 나타내었다(p>0.05). 칼슘양 측정 결과 HA+MAO 150 과 HA+MAO 200은 1, 2, 3주 모든 기간에서 가장 많은 칼슘양을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 따라서 하이드록시아파타이트 이산화티탄이 복합 코팅된 표면은 높은 표면에너지를 가지며 우수한 세포활성도를 나타내어 치과용 임플란트 표면으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이라고 생각된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 1984

외과적으로 충체를 적출하여 진단한 스파르가눔증 환자 7명으로부터 혈청을 수집하고 혈청내 스파르가눔 특이 IgG 항체가를 호소면역 측정 법으로 측정하였다. 스파르가눔 항원은 유혈목이에 자쳔 감염된 충체를 갈아 생리 식염수로 추출한 것으로 단백질 함량은 Smgyxnl이었다. 효소면역측정법은 McLaren 등(1978)의 방법에 따라 실시하였다. 스파르가눔중 환자 혈청이 폐흡충 항원 또는 유구낭미충 항원에 교차반응이 있는지 여부도 측정하였다. 또한 스파르가눔 항원에 대해서 정상인, 케흡충중 환자, 간홉충 감염자, 유구낭미충증 환자와 무구조충 감염자 등 모두 71명에 대해서도 교차반응을 나타내는지 를 관찰하고자 효소면역 측정 법을 실시하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 스파르가늠증 환자 7명중 석회화한 스파르가눔에 감염되어 있었고 수술후 1개월에 혈청을 수집한 1례를 제외하면 모두 홉광도 0.3 이상을 나타내었다. 양성판정기준을 흠광도 0.25로 하였을 때 효소면역 측정 법의 민감도(sensitivity)는 85.7이 었다. 2. 기타 기생충 감염자와 정상인 71명중에서 스파르가눔 항원에 대한 특이항체 양성자는 무구조충감염자 3명으로 특이도(specificity)는 97.5%이었다. 3. 스파르가눔중 환자 혈청은 폐흡충 항원 및 유구낭미충 항원에 대해서 항체가는 낮은 값을 보이고 있어 교차 반응은 발견할 수 없었다. 4. 중추신경계를 침범한 스파르가눔중 환자 2례에서 뇌척수액을 희석하지 않은 상태로 효소면역 측정 법을 실시하였던 바 1례는 폐흡충 및 유구낭미충 항원에 대해 교차반응 없이 스파르가눔항원에 대해 높은 항체가를 보인데 비해 다른 1례에서는 스파르가눔 항원 및 유구낭미충 항원에 대해 비슷한 항체가를 나타내고 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 효소면역 측정 법을 이용하여 스파르가눔중을 혈청학적으로 진단하는 경우 매우 특이하고 민감한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각하였다. 스파르가눔중의 수술전 진단이 실제로 어려운 것이 현실이므로 혈청학적 잖단은 역학적 유해조사나 형태학적으로 감별이 어려운 병리소견을 보인 경우 등에서 보조적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.383-397
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• 1999

치아 이동시 골개조에 관여하는 골모세포의 활성을 알아보기 위해 골조직 대사 물질인 vitamin $D_3$를 1, 10, 100nM/ml 농도로, dexamethasone을 10, 100nM/ml, $1{\mu}M/ml$ 농도로 단독 또는 복합 투여하여 세포 활성 및 염기성인산분해효소의 활성도를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. dexamethasone을 단독 투여한 경우 배양 1일째에 $1{\mu}M/ml$ 농도에서만 대조군에 비해 유의한 세포 활성 증가를 보였으며 이후에는 전반적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. 반면에 염기성 인산분해효소의 활성도는 $1{\mu}M/ml$의 dexamethasone일 때 가장 높았으며 배양 기간이 길어질수록 유의한 증가를 보였다. 2 vitamin $D_3$ 첨가시 배양 1일째에는 세포 활성이 증가하였으나 배양 2일째에는100nM/ml에서 대조군과 비교해 크게 감소하여 농도의 증가에 따라 세포 활성이 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 배양 3일째에는 다소 활성이 회복되었다. 염기성 인산분해효소의 활성도는 10nM/ml과 100nM/m1의 vitamin $D_3$에서 배양 2일째와 3일째에 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았는데 100nM/ml에서 배양 3일째에 가장 높았다. 3. dexamethasone과 vitamin $D_3$를 복합 투여 한 경우 배 양 2일째에는 모든 vitamin $D_3$ 농도에서 세포 활성 이 감소하였으나 3일째에는 세포 활성이 회복되어 대조군이나 dexamethasone단독 투여 시에 비해 유의한 활성 증가를 보이는 경우가 있었다. 염기성 인산분해효소의 활성은 배양 1일째에 감소를 보였으나 배양 2일째에 10nM/ml나 100nM/ml의 dexamethasone에 100nM/ml의 vitamin $D_3$복합 투여의 경우 유의한 증가를 보였고 배양 3일째에 다시 감소를 보였다. 적절한 농도의 dexamethasone과vitamin $D_3$의 복합 사용으로 골모세포의 활성 및 염기성 인산분해효소를 증가시키거나 조절하는 상승 효과를 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.331-347
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on labor pain and duration of delivery time for primipara women treated by Hob-Gog (LI-4) pressure. 1. The proposed hypothesis was that 'the score of labor pain could be lower in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the control group'. 1-1. The sub hypothesis was that the score of subjective labor pain would be lower in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the group which did not have LI-4 pressure applied. 1-2. Another sub hypothesis was that the score of objective labor pain would be lower in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the group which did not have LI-4 pressure applied. 2. The proposed hypothesis was that 'the score of duration of delivery time could be shorter in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the control group'. The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized post test only design to verify the effect on labor pain for primipara women treated by LI-4 pressure and to evaluate the benefits of using LI-4 pressure on some women and judging the degree of their labor pains in comparison with other primipara women not treated with LI-4 pressure. The subjects included 63 primipara women who underwent vaginal delivery, who were between 38-41 weeks intra uterine pregnancy; who did not have any complications; and who were under pitocin augmentation or induction. They were recruited with informed consent; 34 were in the control group and 29 were in the experimental group. The study was measured with a structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, knowledge related to delivery, subjective (Johnson, 1974) and objective(McLachlan, 1974) labor pain scale, data collection was done by research during the period from April, 2000 to July, 2000 and data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The scores of total labor pain in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied were lower($347.62{\pm}49.84$) than in the group($411.02{\pm}55.79$) which did not have LI-4 pressure applied; And these differences were statistically significant(t=4.7193, p=.000). 1-1. The scores of subjective labor pain in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied were lower($203.44${\pm}33.88$)$ than in the group ($$233.82{\pm}31.31$$) which did not have LI-4 pressure applied(t=3.6953, p=.000). 1-2. The scores of objective pain in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied were lower ($144.18{\pm}29.12$) than in the group which did not have LI-4 pressure applied($177.20{\pm}35.01$). but there were no statistically significant differences found in regard to the scores of objective pain(t=4.0271, p=.000). 3. The duration of delivery time in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied was shorter ($390.51min{\pm}111.91$) than in the group ($460.44min{\pm}190.78$)which did not have LI-4 pressure applied and the duration of delivery time in the experimental group was statistically more significant than that in the control group. therefore this thesis was adapted(t=1.734, p=.0879). It could be concluded that LI-4 pressure is effective in relation to labor pain and duration of delivery time for primipara women. Therefore it is necessary to increase the number of subjects to generalize this result.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2009

This research was performed in order to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Bupleuri Radix(BR) on the Immune response in vitro. Cellular proliferation and cytokine production were measured in mast cells or mouse B cells or CD4 Th cells. BR water extract inhibited the secretions of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 in PMA/A23187 stimulated HMC-1 cells. It increased proliferation but did not affect the expressions of CD69 or CD23 in rIL-4/anti-CD40 activated S cells. BR reduced surface IgE expression and secreted IgE but increased the production of IL-4, IFN-$\gamma$ and IgG1 in the same cells. BR caused an increase in proliferation in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulated CD4 Th cells but it did not affect the differentiation of Th1 or Th2 cells. However, IL-2 was increased in BR treated Th2 cells. Considering the above-mentioned results, BR can be applied to a broad range of anti-inflammatory reactions, but our data suggest that it will not be likely to exert any effects on type 1 allergic response.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.988-995
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• 2003

Physiological parameters were measured on six primiparous, non-pregnant Holstein cows prior to peak lactation over a 3-month summer season in southwestern Taiwan. The objectives were to characterize heat stress-induced change in functionality of mammary gland under natural climates of tropical summer and to establish physiological indices applicable to this environment in referring to this change. Environmental and physiological readings, milk and blood samples were taken at 15:00 h biweekly for totally five time points during the study. Climate readings showed that the afternoon humidex value reached the highest (53.5) around mid summer. Rectal temperature of cows taken simultaneously varied between $38.26^{\circ}C$ and $40.02^{\circ}C$ in parallel to humidex. Milk production declined drastically from 29.2 to 22.2 kg/d the first month entering summer but leveled up at end of the summer season suggesting effects exerted by heat stress rather than stages of lactation. Lactose content decreased linearly (p<0.05) with times in summer, from 4.69 to 4.38%. On the other hand, activity of N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) in milk increased linearly to over two folds (p<0.05) during the same intervals. Elevations of fractional constituent of BSA in whey protein and serum cortisol level were also noticed in the course. Measurement of arteriovenous concentration (A-V) difference across the mammary gland demonstrated net uptake of glucose and net release of urea throughout the study period. The amount of urea released from mammary gland increased (p<0.05) progressively from 1.54 to 7.76 mg/dl during summer. It is concluded that gradual regression of mammary gland occurred along the humid tropical summer season. This regression is likely initiated through elevation of body temperature, which is irreversible above certain point. The increased release of urea from mammary gland during heat stress suggests its potential role as an early indicator of suboptimal mammary function.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2014

The Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) is a near-infrared wide-band high-resolution spectrograph jointly developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute and the University of Texas at Austin. IGRINS employs three HAWAII-2RG Focal Plane Array (H2RG FPA) detectors. We present the design and fabrication of the detector mount for the H2RG detector. The detector mount consists of a detector housing, an ASIC housing, a Field Flattener Lens (FFL) mount, and a support base frame. The detector and the ASIC housing should be kept at 65 K and the support base frame at 130 K. Therefore they are thermally isolated by the support made of GFRP material. The detector mount is designed so that it has features of fine adjusting the position of the detector surface in the optical axis and of fine adjusting yaw and pitch angles in order to utilize as an optical system alignment compensator. We optimized the structural stability and thermal characteristics of the mount design using computer-aided 3D modeling and finite element analysis. Based on the structural and thermal analysis, the designed detector mount meets an optical stability tolerance and system thermal requirements. Actual detector mount fabricated based on the design has been installed into the IGRINS cryostat and successfully passed a vacuum test and a cold test.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

Ginseng is traditionally cultivated worldwide in cold continental climates. It is now also being cultivated in maritime environments such as New Zealandis. This paper reports a number of growth and quality parameters for plants grown under those conditions over two growing seasons and the intervening winter dormant period. While shoot biomass peaked mid-summer, in contrast, root biomass peaked late autumn/early winter. Starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose and inositol were detected in the roots. Starch concentrations were highest in early autumn (mean 470 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight) and lowest in mid spring (218 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Sucrose concentrations were low during early summer until late autumn but increased rapidly with the onset of winter and peaked during mid spring (168 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Fructose and glucose concentrations were similar and peaked in late spring (5.3 and 6.2 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Inositol concentrations peaked in mid summer (1.7 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Starch/sugar ratios were high during summer and autumn and low during winter and spring. Ginsenoside concentrations and profiles showed that the six major ginsenosides, Rgl, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd, were present, but Rf was absent. Concentrations did not vary with sampling date. The most abundant ginsenosides were Re (15.9 to 17.5 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight) and Rb1 (10.7 to 18.1 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Combined, they accounted for < $75{\%}$ of total ginsenoside concentrations. Limited taste tests indicated that highest root quality occurred during late autumn, after the shoots had senesced. However, quality could not be related to plant chemistry.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.192-199
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• 2015

Background: Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors are prevalent among firefighters in some developed countries. It is unclear whether physical activity and cardiopulmonary fitness reduce cardiovascular disease risk and the cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters. The present study investigated the relationship between leisure-time physical activity, cardiopulmonary fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters in Hong Kong. Methods: Male firefighters (n = 387) were randomly selected from serving firefighters in Hong Kong (n = 5,370) for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, known cardiovascular diseases). One-third (Target Group) were randomly selected for the assessment of off-duty leisure-time physical activity using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed, as well as cardiovascular workload using heart rate monitoring for each firefighter for four "normal" 24-hour working shifts and during real-situation simulated scenarios. Results: Overall, 33.9% of the firefighters had at least two cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the Target Group, firefighters who had higher leisure-time physical activity had a lower resting heart rate and a lower average working heart rate, and spent a smaller proportion of time working at a moderate-intensity cardiovascular workload. Firefighters who had moderate aerobic fitness and high leisure-time physical activity had a lower peak working heart rate during the mountain rescue scenario compared with firefighters who had low leisure-time physical activities. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity conferred significant benefits during job tasks of moderate cardiovascular workload in firefighters in Hong Kong.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제36D권10호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1999

건식 식각 공정을 시뮬레이션하기 위하여, 플라즈마 챔버 내의 식각 이온 거동 메카니즘을 몬테카를로 수치해석 방식으로 구현하였고, 식각 이온의 거동에 의한 기판의 식각 형상을 확인하기 위하여 셀 방식의 표면 전진기를 개발하였다. 몬테카를로 수치 계산의 단점인 과다한 계산 시간을 효과적으로 감소시키기 위하여, CRAY T3E 병렬 컴퓨터와 여러대의 워크스테이션을 연결한 MPI 환경에서 몬테카를로 병렬 계산 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 몬테카를로 병렬 계산 알고리즘은 95% 이상의 효율성을 보이며, 16개의 프로세서를 사용하였을 때 16의 스피드업(Speedup) 값을 얻었다. 또한 셀 방식의 병렬 연산 표면 전진기를 이용하여 토포그래피 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과에서, 셀의 개수가 2갭만 개 일 때, 약 600Mb 이상의 메모리가 소요되므로 단일 워크스테이션 환경에서는 불가능한 계산이 본 연구에서 개발한 병렬 계산 알고리즘을 이용하였을 때 32개의 프로세서에서 15분의 계산시간이 소요되었다.