• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2018

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the general hospital administrative staff working for customer interaction department. Methodology: For this purpose, this study sampled 260 administrative staff working for the general hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. A total of 260 questionnaires were distributed to them, and 229 ones responded to the survey, which had been conducted from Mar. 9, through Mar. 30, 2018. 211 responses were used for the final analysis. The data collected were processed using the SPSS 18.0K for descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA and regression analysis. Findings: The results of this study can be summed up as follows. The empowerment of the subjects scored 3.73 on average on the 5-point scale. To be specific, the sub-factor 'meaning' scored the highest or 4.01, while the sub-factor 'impact' was lowest. Subjects' job satisfaction scored 3.37 and their organizational commitment scored 3.54 both on the 5-point scales. Practical Implications: Meaning and self determination of empowerment positively related to subjects' job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and particularly, meaning of empowerment was more strongly related. Hence, it is required of the general hospitals to operate a customized competence build-up program and educational courses on a continual basis. Besides, it would also be important to create a working environment wherein the administrative staff can demonstrate their deliberation, autonomy and independent services.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.266-277
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the quality of lunches provided in senior leisure service (SLS) facilities and compared institutional foodservice (IF) and non-institutional foodservice (non-IF). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of 390 adults aged 65 years or older who ate lunches in SLS facilities were analyzed using the information from the 2013-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The participants were classified into IF (n = 129) and non-IF (n = 261) groups according to meal type provided. The intake of major food groups, energy and nutrients, and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were analyzed. The diversity of meals was evaluated by food group patterns, dietary diversity score (DDS) and dietary variety score (DVS). Energy intake was adjusted in model 1, while energy and sex were adjusted in model 2. All confounding variables were adjusted in model 3. RESULTS: The intake of seafoods (P < 0.001 in models 1, 2, and 3), seaweeds (P < 0.01 in models 1 and 2), and dairy products (P < 0.05 in models 1, 2, and 3) was significantly higher in the IF group. No significant difference existed in energy intake; however, the intake of all nutrients except carbohydrate and vitamin C was significantly higher in the IF group. NAR of all nutrients, excluding vitamin C, was higher in the IF group, and MAR was also higher in the IF group (P < 0.001 in models 1, 2, and 3). The IF group had significantly higher DDS and DVS than the non-IF group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lunches provided in SLS facilities were better in terms of quantity and quality when provided through IF than through non-IF. More systematic foodservice programs should be implemented in SLS facilities, especially in facilities wherein users prepare their own meals.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.143-158
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• 2006

The study examined nutritional conditions to enhance the quality of meals and to provide the basic data for more proper dietary life of college students. Our analysis was based on the body measurement, food intake and food habits for 200 students of Chung-Nam. The nutrient intake was examined using the 24-hour recall method. The data were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Mean Adequacy Ratio(MAR), the Nutrient Adequacy Ratio(NAR) and the Index of Nutritional Quality(INQ). The average weight and height of male students were $67.57{\pm}8.66kg,\;174.64{\pm}5.87cm$, while those of female students were $53.46{\pm}6.86kg,\;159.10{\pm}4.19cm$, respectively. The total energy intake of the male students was $3221.71{\pm}200.39kcal$, while that of the female students was $1884.67{\pm}100.93kcal$. The male students are higher than female in % of RDA. The percentages of carbohydrate, protein and lipid for male students were $57.18{\pm}7.83%,\;15.15{\jpm}3.36%\;and\; 27.67{\pm}6.68%$, while those of female students were $58.77{\pm}7.68%,\;15.51{\pm}4.55%\;and\;25.72{\pm}6.20%$, respectively. There was no significant difference in calcium intakes for both groups, however they are less than the RDA. In terms of iron, the male students took $16.98{\pm}5.57mg$ and the female students took $11.35{\pm}2.68mg$, with significant difference (p<0.001). The male and female students showed sufficient intake of vitamins, with significant difference between two groups except for vitamin A. The mean MAR, an index of overall dietary quality, was significantly higher in the male students than female students(p<0.01). Male and female students enjoying two meals or more a day were 59%, and those having enough time for one meal or less a day were 36.5%. Male and female students having no breakfast were 39%. Male and female students having vegetables intake were 53.5%, and having milk or milk products every day were 29.5% of them. In conclusion, nutritional education is recommended to increase the calcium intake and fruit and vegetable consumption for dietary fiber, and to emphasize regularity of meal time.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.501-512
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• 2005

To assess the food habits and the seasonal differences of nutrient intakes and diet qualities of adult working women aged 30 - 49y in Busan, dietary survey was conducted in summer and in winter by a questionnaire and two-day food record. Anthropometric assessment was also investigated in two seasons. $91.8\%$ of those skipped breakfast in the main. $44.3\%$ had irregular meals. The mean daily energy intake was 1725.8 kcal with $63.3\%$ of energy intake being supplied by carbohydrates, $14.7\%$ by protein, $22.3\%$ by fat in summer and 1598.4 kcal with $62.1\%$ of energy intake being supplied by carbohydrates, $15.6\%$ by protein, $22.1\%$ by fat in winter. Over $70\%$ of iron intake came from plant origin in two seasons. The mean intakes of energy, calcium, iron and vitamin A in summer and energy, calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin $B_2$ in winter were below Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Koreans. As well as insufficiency in iron, the bioavailability of iron is considered to have been low because most of iron intake came from plant origin in two seasons. For calcium and iron in summer and calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin $B_2$ in winter, proportions of subjects with intake levels less than $75\%$ of RDA were over $40\%$ in summer and over $50\%$ in winter, respectively. The nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) were below 0.75 for calcium and iron in summer and calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin $B_2$ in winter. NARs of iron (p<0.05), vitamin A (p<0.01) and vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.001) in winter were significantly lower than those in summer. The mean adequacy ratios (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality were 0.85 in summer and 0.80 in winter. The MAR in winter was significantly lower than that in summer (p < 0.05). The indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) were below 1 for calcium and iron in summer and calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin $B_2$ in winter. The intake (p<0.05) and NAR (p<0.05) of vitamin $B_2$ showed positive significant correlations with height in winter. In conclusion, nutrient intake and diet quality of adult working women were different between the summer and the winter. So nutritional education programs for summer and winter are needed for adult working women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.572-584
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intake and diet quality of male college student according to smoking groups. Subjects were recruited and divided into three groups according to the smoking, which included non-smoker (n = 100), light-smoker (n = 78; packyear < 5), and heavy-smoker (n = 76; packyear ${\geq}$ 5). Subjects were interviewed using a general questionnaire, 24-hour recall method for dietary intake and diet quality. The average age of the subjects were 22.7 years for non-smoker, 23.5 years for light-smoker, and 23.4 years for heavy-smoker. Also the results showed that the heavy-smoker was significantly more often to drink coffee and alcohol compared with the other two groups (p<0.001, p<0.05). The mean daily energy intake was 2278.1 kcal in non-smoker, 2148.3 kcal in light-smoker, and 2144.4 kcal in heavy-smoker. The heavy-smoker consumed significantly lower intakes of vitamin C (p<0.001), calcium (p<0.01), animal calcium (p<0.01), and potassium (p<0.05) compared to the non-smoker and light-smoker. Also NAR (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio), ND (Nutrient Density), and INQ (Index of Nutritional Quality) of these nutrients in heavy-smoker were lower than the other two groups. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.78 in non-smoker, 0.78 in light-smoker, and 0.74 in heavy smoker (p<0.05). The heavy-smoker consumed significantly lower intakes of fruits (p<0.001) compared to the non-smoker and light-smoker. The DVS (Dietary Variety Score) of heavy-smoker (26.8) was significantly lower than that 30.4 of non-smoker and 31.5 of light-smoker (p<0.01). In conclusion, heavy-smoker man have low intake status of vitamin C, calcium and potassium, and partly low diet quality. Therefore it was needed that well planed diet to replace the nutrients supplied from excluded food groups in heavy- smoker.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol intake on nutritional intake status among the college students. The subjects were divided three groups; no-alcohol group(n=78), alcohol group(n=113), and high-alcohol group(n=82) according to intake and frequency of alcohol. And they were observed characteristics of alcohol drinking, dietary behavior and attitude, and nutrient intakes using questionnaires. The frequency of skipping meals in breakfast in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were no significant differences in frequency of skipping meals of lunch and supper, reason why skipped meals, and total score of dietary attitude among three groups. However, the score of dietary attitude about no heavy drinking and smoking in high-alcohol group was higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were significant difference in vitamin B2 intake, alcohol intake, and energy intakes from carbohydrate, lipid, and alcohol among three groups(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05). Compared energy intake of high-alcohol group with other two groups, intake from carbohydrate was low and intakes from lipid and alcohol were high. In the nutrient density, plant protein and carbohydrate in no-alcohol group, lipid and vitamin B2 in alcohol group, and animal lipid in high-alcohol group were highest among three groups. NAR and MAR were not significant difference among three groups except that NAR of P in alcohol group is highest among three groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, students high consuming alcohol have unhealty dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of skipping breakfast, undesirable dietary attitude of alcohol drinking and smoking, and low energy inake from diet. Therefore, this results should be considered in meal management and nutritional education for student of high alcohol consumption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2001

This research was conduced to 1) examine the influence of milk group intake on the dietary, considering dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy, 2) identify which foods truly contribute to the intake of specific nutrients 3) point out the dietary problems of this age group. The subjects were 664(male 357, female 307) healthy toddlers of the ages of 12-36 months, who had neither been taking any medicine-type supplements nor had any diseases that affect the dietary intakes, chosen among the outpatients of university and private hospitals in Seoul and Kyonggi province during Mach-August, 1999. The 24 hour recall method and CAN Pro(food analysis program) were used to analyze the amount of nutrient intake. The grouping of the subjects for the analysis by monthly age was based on the 98 Korean Child growth standard. The results that the milk group intake showed significant negative correlations with the grain group(r=-0.194, p<0.01), the vegetable group(r=-0.115, p<0.01) and the fruit group(r=-0.125, p<0.01). It also showed that the more the milk group intake, the lower the Dietary Diversity Score(r=-0.131, p<0.01), and the more the intake of raw milk, the more dificient the intake of iron(r=-0.211, p<0.01), vitamin A(r=-0.169,p<0.01), vitamin B$_1$(r=-0.078, p<0.05) and vitamin C(r=-0.187, p<0.01). Foods contributory to nutrient intake for of 12-14 months of were mostly infant formula, and the contribution ratio was high. In the age of 15-17 months, the subjects obtained most of the nutrients from raw milk., liquid-type yoghurt, soybean milk, cooked rice, etc. As for iron intake, the age of 21-23 month obtained the most from ionic drinks, and 24-29 months from raw milk, chocolate cakes, ionic drinks, etc. Though the NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) generally tended to increase accordingly with the DDs, as for nutrients Ca, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, and vitamin C the NAR marked the highest when the DDS marked the lowest(due to infant formula). And for iron, even when the DDS was 5 the NAR value was low. Im conclusion, the more the milk group intake, the lower was the dietary diversity. High dependency on infant formula and others from milk group over the age of 12 months proved to result in a decrease of nutritious solid food intake, iron deficiency and a low dietary diversity score, which can lead to an unbalanced diet. Therefore, nutrition education towards mothers/caretakers of toddler is of urgent need, in order to reduce the fluid milk group intake of low nutritional density and to provide various solid foods the children. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1):30-38, 2001)

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2004

치과위생사의 전문직 자아개념의 중요성을 인식하게 하고, 전문직 자아개념 정립과 치위생직 전문직 발전에 도움이 되기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 전라북도 전주시 치과진료기관에 종사하는 110명의 치과위생사를 대상으로 2002년 3월 11일부터 3월 25일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 일반적 특성에 따른 전문직 자아개념 분석결과 종교(p<.05)와 최종학력(p<.01)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 2. 일반적 특성에 따른 업무수행 분석결과 종교에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 3. 전문직 자아개념과 업무수행과의 상관관계는 순상관성(F=.663, p<.001)을 보여 자아개념이 높을수록 업무수행 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 1) 전문직 자아개념은 업무수행 영역의 독자적업무(F=.683, p<.001), 대인관계업무(F=.648, p<.001), 일반관리업무(F=.573, p<.001), 협동적업무(F=.478, p<.001)순으로 모두 높은 상관성을 보였다. 2) 업무수행은 전문직 자아개념 영역의 전문적 실무(F=.637, p<.001)와 만족감(F=.337, p=.000)에서 높은 상관성을 보였다. 이상의 연구결과를 근거로 하여 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 치과위생사의 전문직 자아개념과 업무수행 정도를 높이기 위해 전문성 신장을 위한 교육의 기회가 확대, 유지되어야한다. 둘째, 치과위생사의 전문직 자아개념과 업무수행에 영향을 주는 요인을 규명하기 위한 계속적인 연구가 이루어져야한다. 연구의 제한점으로는 전주시 치과의료기관에 국한된 것이므로 연구결과를 확대 해석하는데 신중을 기해야 하고 설문도구 작성에 있어 주로 간호사를 중심으로 개발된 문항을 사용하였기 때문에 치과위생사에 적합한 표준문항이 없어 타당도에 문제가 있을 수 있다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2021

본 연구는 대학생의 라이프케어에서 시력 차이가 균형 및 보행능력에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 본 연구는 G 광역시에 소재의 H 대학교에 재학 중인 45명을 대상으로 안경과 콘택트렌즈를 착용하지 않는 대조군(n=22)과 안경과 콘택트렌즈를 착용하는 실험군(n=23)으로 나누어 실시하였다. 대상자는 안경과 콘택트렌즈를 착용하지 않은 상태에서 logMAR 차트로 시력을 측정하고, BIOrescue로 균형능력을 평가하였으며, G-Walk로 보행능력을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 시력 측정에서 대조군보다 실험군은 통계적으로 유의하게 시력이 낮았다(p<.01). 정적 균형능력은 오른발의 무게중심 이동이 대조군보다 실험군이 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<.05), 동적 균형능력은 대조군보다 실험군에서 안정성 한계가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 보행능력은 한발짝 거리와 한걸음 거리는 대조군보다 실험군의 오른발에서 통계적으로 유의하게 짧았으며(p<.05), 흔듦기는 대조군보다 실험군의 오른발에서 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 보면, 대학생의 라이프케어에서 시력 차이는 균형과 보행능력의 감소시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 대학생의 라이프케어에서 시력이 낮은 대학생의 넘어짐과 부딪침을 예방하기 위해 안경 및 콘택트렌즈를 통한 시력 교정이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1985

During a period from February 1st to November 30th in 1983, measurements were made twice a month on dustfalls and concentrations of various cations ana anions in their filtrates in an urban (Heuksuk-dong, Seoul) and in a rural (Ansung) districts. Standard British Deposit Gauge method was applied for collection of dustfalls and ion chromatographic method using Ion Chromatograph 10 (Dionex, U.S.A.) for determination of cation and anion concentrations. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Annual mean values of dustfalls were $8.30{\pm}5.09tons/km^2/month$ in an urban and $6.20{\pm}0.82tons/km^2/month$ in a rural districts. And annual mean values of pH of filtrates of the collected samples were $5.3{\pm}0.76$ in an urban and $6.0{\pm}0.82$ in a rural districts. 2. Annual mean concentrations of common cations and anions in their filtrates were as follows: urban rural (unit: ppm) $$Na^{+}\;1.7{\pm}1.30\;1.9{\pm}1.86$$ $$NH^{+}_{4}\;2.4{\pm}1.60\;1.3{\pm}1.59$$ $$K^{+}\;0.7{\pm}0.47\;1.5{\pm}3.79$$ $$Ca^{++}\;5.3{\pm}0.95\;3.4{\pm}2.58$$ $$Mg^{++}\;0.7{\pm}0.89\;0.5{\pm}0.83$$ $$Cl^{-}\;2.0{\pm}1.31\;4.0{\pm}2.35$$ $$NO^{-}_{3}\;4.0{\pm}2.35\;2.7{\pm}1.31$$ $$So^{--}_{4}\;16.9{\pm}17.40\;6.8{\pm}8.00$$ Some of anions such as $Br^{-},\;{PO_4}^{-3}\;and\;{NO_2}^{-}$ were scarecely detected and $F^{-}$ was measured at very low concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm in Feb., Oct. and Nov. in an urban and in Feb. in a rural districts. 3. By two-way analysis of variance with 4 replications for dustfalls, pH and concentrations of various ion by district and month of a year, statistically significant differences were noted in dustfalls (p<0.01), pH (p<0.01) and concentrations of various ion (p<0.01) by month of a year, and in dustfalls (p<0.05) and concentrations of various ion such as ${NH_4}^{+},\;Ca^{++},\;{NO_{3}}^{-}\;and\;{SO_4}^{--}$ (p<0.01) by district. 4. There were statistically significant differences pH in Spring (Feb., Mar and Apr.) (p<0.01) and in ${SO_4}^{--}$ in Autumn (Aug., Sept., Oct. and Nov.) (p<0.05) between the two districts.