• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 1997

Cytogenetic observations of loss of the distal portion of the Y chromosome long arm were found to be associated with disrupted spermatogenesis. The existence of a gene involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis, the azoospermia factor (AZF), was postulated. In this study, we screened the AZF region including DAZ and DAZH genes and observed the expression pattern of DAZ and DAZH transcript in infertile men with azoospermia and oligospermia by using a sequence-tagged site (STS)-based PCR method. PCR primers were synthesized for 11 STSs that span Yq interval 6, SRY, DAZ, and DAZH, functional DAZ homologue on chromosome 3. Microdeletions were detected in 4/32 (12.5%) azoospermic men and 1/11 (9%) severe oligospermic men. Only 2 of 5 patients had microdeletions of Yq that contained the DAZ gene, whereas the other 3 patients had deletions extending from intervals 5L-6F proximal to the DAZ gene on Yq. Testis biopsies of the azoospermic patients revealed a variety from Sertoli cell-only syndrome to testicular maturation arrest. Of 4 men with clinical data available, average testis size was R: 13.8 cc, L: 13.8 cc, serum T was $4.0{\pm}1.25$ ng/ml, LH was $3.63{\pm}1.90$ mIU/ml, and FSH was $8.85{\pm}5.13$ mIU/ml. These values did not differ significantly from the remainder of the patients tested. We could not observed the DAZ transcript in 2 patients, who have no mature spermatozoa. In 11.6% of patients microdeletions of the AZF could be detected. These deletions in the AZF region seem to be involved causing spermatogenic failure. But the frequency of microdeletions proximal to DAZ suggests that DAZ is not the only gene associated with spermatogenic failure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.1334-1341
• /
• 2007

This study identified hepatic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) affecting the marbling of muscle. Most dietary nutrients bypass the liver and produce plasma lipoproteins. These plasma lipoproteins transport free fatty acids to the target tissue, adipose tissue and muscle. We examined hepatic genes differentially expressed in a differential-display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddRT-PCR) analysis comparing high- and low-marbled Hanwoo steers. Using 60 arbitrary primers, we found 13 candidate genes that were upregulated and five candidate genes that were downregulated in the livers of high-marbled Hanwoo steers compared to low-marbled individuals. A BLAST search for the 18 DEGs revealed that 14 were well characterized, while four were not annotated. We examined four DEGs: ATP synthase F0, complement component CD, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP). Of these, only two genes (complement component CD and IGFBP3) were differentially expressed at p<0.05 between the livers of high- and low-marbled individuals. The mean mRNA levels of the PEBP and ATP synthase F0 genes did not differ significantly between the livers of high- and low-marbled individuals. Moreover, these DEGs showed very high inter-individual variation in expression. These informative DEGs were assigned to the bovine chromosome in a BLAST search of MS marker subsets and the bovine genome sequence. Genes related to energy metabolism (ATP synthase F0, ketohexokinase, electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase and NADH hydrogenase) were assigned to BTA 1, 11, 17, and 22, respectively. Syntaxin, IGFBP3, decorin, the bax inhibitor gene and the PEBP gene were assigned to BTA 3, 4, 5, 5, and 17, respectively. In this study, the in silico physical maps provided information on the specific location of candidate genes associated with economic traits in cattle.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권9호
• /
• pp.3667-3671
• /
• 2015

Invasion and metastasis is the major cause of tumor recurrence, difficulty for cure and low survival rate. Excavating key transcription factors, which can regulate tumor invasion and metastasis, are crucial to the development of therapeutic strategies for cancers. PU.1 is a master hematopoietic transcription factor and a vital regulator in life. Here, we report that, compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues, expression of PU.1 mRNA in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not primary HCC, was significantly down-regulated. In addition, levels of PU.1 mRNA in metastatic hepatoma cell lines MHCC97L and MHCC97H were much lower than in non-metastatic Hep3B cells. Transwell invasion assays after PU.1 siRNA transfection showed that the invasion of hepatoma cell lines was increased markedly by PU.1 knockdown. Oppositely, overexpression of PU.1 suppressed the invasion of these cells. However, knockdown and overexpression of PU.1 did not influence proliferation. Finally, we tried to explore the potential mechanism of PU.1 suppressing hepatoma cell invasion. ChIP-qPCR analysis showed that PU.1 exhibited a high binding capacity with miR-615-5p promoter sequence. Overexpression of PU.1 caused a dramatic increase of pri-, pre- and mature miR-615-5p, as well as a marked decrease of miR-615-5p target gene IGF2. These data indicate that PU.1 inhibits invasion of human HCC through promoting miR-615-5p and suppressing IGF2. These findings improve our understanding of PU.1 regulatory roles and provided a potential target for metastatic HCC diagnosis and therapy.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.80-89
• /
• 1996

본 연구에서는 인간에게 유용한 여러 생리적 기능을 갖는 Human lactoferrin (hLf)을 대량생산할 목적으로 동물 세포의 단백질을 안정하게 생산 및 분비할 수 있는 진핵생물인 효모 sacduraromyces diastaticus YIY345에 hLf 유전자를 도입하여 hLf의 발현 및 분비를 시도하였다. 1. hLf의 발현 및 분비를 위하여 STA1 (S. diasticus glucoamylase) 유전자의 promoter 및 분비 신호와 hLf 전사 종결을 위한 GAL7(galactose utilizing gene) transcriptional terminator하에 재조합 plasmid pYEGLf를 제작하였다. 2. 제작한 plasmid를 선별하고 증폭하기 위하여 대장균에 형질 전환하였고 대장균 형질전환체로부터 plasmid를 분리하여 적당한 제한 효소로 처리하고 크기를 확인하였다. 최종적으로 선별된 plasmid는 효모 S. diastaticus YIY345에 형질 전환시켜 효모 형질전환체를 얻었다. 3. 효모 형질전환체를 Western hybridization으로 단백질 수준에서 분석한 결과 pYEGLf가 도입된 형질전환체에서 hLf가 생산되어 세포외로 분비되었다. 4. hLf가 발현된 효모 형질전환체의 배양상등액을 paper disc법을 이용하여 E.coli에 대한 항균 효과를 측정하였으나 관찰할 수 없었다. E.coli에 대한 hLf의 MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration)는 약 $3000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에 비해 효모에서 분비하는 hLf의 양은 상당히 적으므로 항균효과를 측정하기 불가능하다. 그러므로 정제 단계를 거쳐 더 높은 농도로 처리해야 할 것이다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1976

It is believed that geological survey, drilling and geophysical survey which was carried out on Tertiary deposits in Pohang is a valuable but through the studying of many Tertiary sediments in Japan discovered many questions on analysis of final report prepared by National geological survey. The main reason is: 1. The seismic sound velocity which have regulated in the final report prepared by geological survey for Tertiary deposits in Pohang was 1,500-2,000m/sec in spite of oil bearing sediments of same age in Japan are 2,000-3,800m/sec. These may means the requirement of reconsideration of seismic velocity for Tertiary deposits in Pohang and required to have a dipper drilling. 2. Stratigraphically, geophysically, and paleontologically, the Tertiary deposits in Pahang land area is similar with that of Nishiyama-Hunakawa formations of Akita oil field in Japan. Nishiyama-Hunakawa formation is the main oil bearing formation in Japan. 3. Those valcanic rock including andestitic rock and liparitic rock which have extensively distributed over either at land area or at sea bottom, assumed by geological survey as the base of Tertiary sediments. But in case of Japan many oil bearing deposits are in over laid by these kind of volcanic rock. Therefore a possible of same condition with Japan is presumable on Tertiary sediments in Pohang. 4. It is believed that the Tertiary sediments of land area in Pohang is the extension of offshore basin but is wandering that the final report submitted by geologic survey have not remain any word on report of ECAFE discribed so much problematics as followed: A. Although it was assumed that no great thickness exceeding 1,000 meters, or major structures would be encountered in the Tertiary offshore sequence, it was hoped that shallow hydrocarbon deposits might be found, because these sediment are lithologically similar to those of the same age in the producing area of the northwest Honshu region of Japan where hydrocarbon are extracted from depths of only 500 to 600 meters. B. Four possible hydrocarbon trap conditions are represented in the survey area: anticlinal folds, faults, pinch outs, along the igneous basement and lateral facies changes. C. Most of the prime possible reservoir area are beyond the 50 meter water depth mark, except for the structures in Yonil Bay. D. Despite the shallowness of the offshore basin, sufficient trap condition exist in the area to warrant further exploration for hydrocarbon. 5. All of the problems mentioned above have gave us a strong reasons to have us hesitating to make a final conclusion on Tertiary problems in Pohang, before to have a drill to a depth to 3,000 meters or more whatever it is the Tertiary or a Mesozoics below 1,000 meters.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.286-293
• /
• 2012

고추에 있어서 Tobamovirus 저항성은 고추 염색체 11번 긴 팔 끝부분에 위치한 L 유전자좌의 다섯 개 대립유전자($L^0$, $L^1$, $L^2$, $L^3$, and $L^4$)에 의해 조절된다고 알려져 있다. 표현형 분석 없이 L 대립유전자를 구분할 수 있는 분자표지를 개발하기 위해서 다섯 개의 고추 판별 계통{Capsicum annuum Early California Wonder(ECW, $L^0L^0$), C. annuum Tisana($L^1L^1$), C. annuum Criollo de Morelos 334(CM334,$L^2L^2$), Capsicum chinense PI 159236($L^3L^3$), and Capsicum chacoense PI 260429($L^4L^4$)}을 식물재료로 사용하였다. 대립유전자 특이적 분자표지는 고추 판별 계통에 대해 $L^3$ 연관 분자표지(189D23M, A339, and 253A1R)와 BAC 염기서열(FJ597539 and FJ597541)의 PCR 증폭산물 염기서열을 비교 분석하여 개발되었다. 총 53개의 상용 고추 품종 중 48개에서 분자표지에 의한 추정 유전자형과 Tobamovirus{Tobacco mosaic virus(pathotype 0, $P_0$), Tomato mosaicvirus($P_1$), and Pepper mild mottle virus($P_{1,2}$)} 접종 표현형과 일치했다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 개발된 분자표지는 고추 육종에 있어서 TMV 저항성 도입에 필요한 선발마커로 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 1992년도 추계학술대회논문집; 반도아카데미, 20 Nov. 1992
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 1992

터빈 블레이드와 같이 회전하는 구조물의 파단은 공진 근처에서 진동이 발 생할 때에 이에 기인하는 피로에 의하여 발생한다. 그러므로 이와 같은 파단 을 피하기 위해서는 설계 단계에서 이론적인 계산에 의하여 구조물의 고유 진동수를 결정하는 것이 상당히 중요하다. 판이 회전을 받게 되면 원심력에 의하여 판의 강성이 증가하므로 고유진동수가 회전하지 않는 판의 고유진동 수보다는 상당히 증가하게 된다. 이에 대한 연구가 국내외에서 상당수 행하 여졌지만, 연구의 대부분이 회전의 영향을 고려하지 않은 정지판(stationary plate)에 대한 것이며 뢰전을 고려한 연구는 극히 제한되어 있다. 또한 회전 의 영향을 고려한 연구의 대부분이 해석 대상을 보로서 단순화 시켰고 해법 으로는 유한요소법과 Ritz법 등을 사용하였다. 이는 블레이드가 지니고 있는 기하학적인 형상과 진동 특성이 해석적인 방법으로 해결하는 데에는 상당한 어려움이 있기 때문이다. 실제적으로는 터빈 블레이드와 같은 회전체의 진동 특성이 설치각이나 비틀림각, 판의 형상비, 회전속도 등의 변화에 의하여 영 향을 받기 때문에 보와 같은 진동 거동을 보이기보다는 판이나 셀과 같은 진동 거동을 보이므로 보다 정확한 해석을 수행하기 위해서는 해석 대상을 판이나 셀로서 취급하는 것이 타당하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 위와 같은 이 유 때문에 해석 대상을 등방성 사각판과 직교이방성 복합재료 사각판으로 선택하였으며, 구조물의 고유진동수에 영향을 미치는 다음과 같은 인자들을 해석에 고려하였다. 1. 회전속도 (rotational speed) 2. 설치각 (setting angle) 3. 허브의 반경 (hub radius) 4. 판의 형상비 (aspect ratio) 5. 적층순서 (stacking sequence)구조물에 대한 동적실험(dynamic test)을 통하여 단기간에 동적특성을 결정하고 SDM(structure dynamic modification)이나 FRS(force response simulation)를 수행하여 임의의 좌표 공간에 대한 진동수준을 해석적으로 예측할 뿐만 아니라 구조물의 진동제어 를 위한 동적인자를 변경시킬 수 있는 정보를 제공하며 장비를 방진할 경우 신뢰성 있는 전달률을 결정할 수 있다. 실험적으로 철교, 교량이나 건물의 철골구조 및 2층 바닥 등 대,중형의 복잡한 구조물에 대항 동특성을 나타내 는 모빌리티를 결정할 경우 충격 가진 실험이 사용되는 실험장비 측면에서 나 실험을 수행하는 과정이 대체적으로 간편하다. 그러나 이 경우 대상 구조 물을 충분히 가진시킬수 있는 용량의 대형 충격기(large impact hammer)가 필요하게 된다. 이러한 동적실험은 약 길이 61m, 폭 16m의 4경간 교량에 대 하여 동적실험을 수행하여 가능성을 확인하였다. 여기서는 실험실 수준의 평 판모델을 제작하고 실제 현장에서 이루어질 수 있는 진동제어 구조물에 대 한 동적실험 및 FRS를 수행하는 과정과 동일하게 따름으로써 실제 발생할 수 있는 오차나 error를 실험실내의 차원에서 파악하여 진동원을 있는 구조 물에 대한 진동제어기술을 보유하고자 한다. 이용한 해마의 부피측정은 해마경화증 환자의 진단에 있어 육안적인 MR 진단이 어려운 제한된 경우에만 실제적 도움을 줄 수 있는 보조적인 방법으로 생각된다.ofile whereas relaxivity at high field is not affected by τS. On the other hand, the change in τV does not affect low field profile but stron

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2020

월출산국립공원 내 버섯류 자원의 서식지별 관리방안을 수립하고 생물다양성, 생태계다양성을 유지하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해서 2018년 4월부터 10월까지 7개월 동안 천황사지구, 경포대지구, 도갑사지구 등 26개 격자를 중심으로 29일에 걸쳐 임도, 계곡, 등산로, 자연관찰로 등을 대상으로 버섯조사를 실시하였다. 총 조사된 버섯은 2문, 9강, 24목, 71과 177속, 407분류군이 조사되었으며 9월에 197종으로 가장 많은 종이 출현하였고, 분류군별로 보면 주름버섯목이 187분류군으로 45.9%의 분포를 보였으며, 그물버섯목, 구멍장이버섯목이 뒤를 이어 다수 발생하는 종으로 확인되었다. 해발고도 100~200 m 사이에서 489점의 좌표가 확보되어 가장 많은 분포를 보였는데 이 중 경포대지구의 격자5, 격자15번지역, 천황사지구인 격자 7지역에서 가장 많은 버섯 종류가 조사되었다. 기후변화지표종 7종 중 큰갓버섯, 마귀광대버섯, 황소비단그물버섯 3종이 출현하였고, 기후변화지표종 후보종인 노란다발, 배젖버섯 2종이 출현하였다. 현재 국외반출승인대상종은 476종이 지정되어 있는데, 본 조사 시 164종이 출현하였다. 또한 형태적 분석과 DNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 표본 WC18158이 Craterellus parvogriseus 로 국내 미기록종으로 동정되었다(*Appendix 홈페이지에 업로드).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.1581-1590
• /
• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to clone alternative splicing isoforms of pig myoneurin (MYNN), predict the structure and function of coding protein, and study temporal and spatial expression characteristics of each transcript. Methods: Alternative splice isoforms of MYNN were identified using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and cloning techniques. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to detect expression patterns in 11 tissues of Large White (LW) and Mashen (MS) pigs, and to study developmental expression patterns in cerebellum (CE), stomach (ST), and longissimus dorsi (LD). Results: The results showed that MYNN had two alternatively spliced isoforms, MYNN-1 (GenBank accession number: KY470829) and MYNN-2 (GenBank accession number: KY670835). MYNN-1 coding sequence (CDS) is composed of 1,830 bp encoding 609 AA, whereas MYNN-2 CDS is composed of 1,746 bp encoding 581 AA. MYNN-2 was 84 bp less than MYNN-1 and lacked the sixth exon. MYNN-2 was found to have one $C_2H_2$ type zinc finger protein domain less than MYNN-1. Two variants were ubiquitously expressed in all pig tissues, and there were significant differences in expression of different tissues (p<0.05; p<0.01). The expression of MYNN-1 was significantly higher than that of MYNN-2 in almost tissues (p<0.05; p<0.01), which testified that MYNN-1 is the main variant. The expression of two isoforms decreased gradually with increase of age in ST and CE of MS pig, whereas increased gradually in LW pig. In LD, the expression of two isoforms increased first and then decreased with increase of age in MS pig, and decreased gradually in LW pig. Conclusion: Two transcripts of pig MYNN were successfully cloned and MYNN-1 was main variant. MYNN was highly expressed in ST, CE, and LD, and their expression was regular. We speculated that MYNN plays important roles in digestion/absorption and skeletal muscle growth, whereas the specific mechanisms require further elucidation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.1535-1541
• /
• 2018

Objective: In birds, three types of melatonin receptors (MTNR1A, MTNR1B, and MTNR1C) have been cloned. Previous researches have showed that three melatonin receptors played an essential role in reproduction and ovarian physiology. However, the association of polymorphisms of the three receptors with duck reproduction traits and egg quality traits is still unknown. In this test, we chose MTNR1A, MTNR1B, and MTNR1C as candidate genes to detect novel sequence polymorphism and analyze their association with egg production traits in Shaoxing duck, and detected their mRNA expression level in ovaries. Methods: In this study, a total of 785 duck blood samples were collected to investigate the association of melatonin receptor genes with egg production traits and egg quality traits using a direct sequencing method. And 6 ducks representing two groups (3 of each) according to the age at first eggs (at 128 days of age or after 150 days of age) were carefully selected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Seven novel polymorphisms (MTNR1A: g. 268C>T, MTNR1B: g. 41C>T, and g. 161T>C, MTNR1C: g. 10C>T, g. 24A>G, g. 108C>T, g. 363 T>C) were detected. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of MTNR1A (g. 268C>T) was significantly linked with the age at first egg (p<0.05). And a statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found between MTNR1C g.108 C>T and egg production traits: total egg numbers at 34 weeks old of age and age at first egg. In addition, the mRNA expression level of MTNR1A in ovary was significantly higher in late-mature group than in early-mature group, while MTNR1C showed a contrary tendency (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that identified SNPs in MTNR1A and MTNR1C may influence the age at first egg and could be considered as the candidate molecular marker for identify early maturely traits in duck selection and improvement.