• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.640-648
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• 2022

CD133, also known as prominin-1, was first identified as a biomarker of mammalian cancer and neural stem cells. Previous studies have shown that the prominin-like (promL) gene, an orthologue of mammalian CD133 in Drosophila, plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism, body growth, and longevity. Because locomotion is required for food sourcing and ultimately the regulation of metabolism, we examined the function of promL in Drosophila locomotion. Both promL mutants and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies displayed reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. As dopamine is known to modulate locomotion, we also examined the effects of promL inhibition on the dopamine concentration and mRNA expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DOPA decarboxylase (Ddc), the enzymes responsible for dopamine biosynthesis, in the heads of flies. Compared with those in control flies, the levels of dopamine and the mRNAs encoding TH and Ddc were lower in promL mutant and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies. In addition, an immunostaining analysis revealed that, compared with control flies, promL mutant and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies had lower levels of the TH protein in protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) neurons, a subset of dopaminergic neurons. Inhibition of promL in these PAM neurons reduced the locomotor activity of the flies. Overall, these findings indicate that promL expressed in PAM dopaminergic neurons regulates locomotion by controlling dopamine synthesis in Drosophila.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1999

In this paper the forming simulations of ellipse bulge have been researched by using $PAM-STAMP_{TM}$ to estimate the sheet metal forming and the plastic deformation characteristic of ellipse bulge. Thin elliptical diaphragms of brass, copper, aluminum, and mild steel are bulged in elliptical dies having aspect ratios of 1.33 and 2. In order to compare the simulation results with the experiment and ellipse bulge's theory derived by using Johnson and Duncan's theory, the relations of hydraulic pressure and polar height, polar thickness strain and polar height, were compared. According to this study, the results of simulation and ellipse bulge's theory derived by using Johnson and Duncan's theory, and the bursting pressure and the bursting polar height are good agreement to the experiment. So, the results of simulation by using $PAM-STAMP_{TM}$ and the ellipse bulge's theory will give engineers good information to make assessment the formability and plastic deformation characteristic of hydraulic ellipse bulge test.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2003

폴리아닐린 분말과 고분자 계면활성제, cyclohexanone용매를 micro-milling장치내에서 분산시켜 (m입자 크기를 갖는 가공용이한 분산액을 제조하였다. 분산액을 백금 전극 위에 코팅하여 얻은 분산박막의 전기화학적 특성들은 순환전압전류법(CV)을 이용하여 조사하였다. CV의 결과에 의하면 폴리아닐린 분산박막이 순수한 폴리아닐린 박막과 유사한 전기화학적 특성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. $3wt.\%$ NaCl용액에서 수행한 분극실험과 열린회로전위 측정 실험에서는 PANI분산액을 철표면에 코팅하면 부식전위가 증가하였다. 분산박막/철 전극의 열린회로전위값(OCP, Voc)이 분산액의 제조 조건에 따라 변화가 있음을 관찰하였다. 이러한 결과들은 본 연구에서 사용한 전도성 고분자 분산액이 철의 부식방지코팅물질로서 유용성을 갖고 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2013

The objective of the research was to describe the effect of straw mat cover and soil amendments on the reduction of runoff and non-point source load from steep sloped highland agricultural fields. Four $5{\times}30$ m plots on sandy loam soil with 28 % slope were prepared. Experimental treatments were bare (control), rice straw mat cover (3,000 kg/ha) (S), PAM (5 kg/ha)+Gypsum (1 ton/ha) (PG) and rice straw mat cover+PAM+Gypsum (SPG). A variety of lettuce was cultivated and runoff was monitored during a growing season in 2011. Natural monitoring was conducted to three times. Runoff rate of S, PG and SPG plots were significantly lower than those of control plot. Especially, the runoff rate is zero in SPG plot at a first rainfall events. The reduction rate of runoff from the S, PG and SPG plots was 30.8 %, 29.0 % and 81.8 % compared to control plots, respectively. The reduction rate of NPS pollution load of S, PG and SPG was ranged of 50~90 %, 30~70 % and 90~100 %, respectively. Yield of lettuce from S, PG and SPG plots was respectively 400 (567 kg/ha), 320 (453 kg/ha) and 760 (1,067 kg/ha) that of compared to control plots greater than that from control plots (140 kg/ha). We speculated that the experimental treated plots could hold more nutrients and moisture than the control and helped the crop grow healthier. When analyzing the above results, in terms of reduction of runoff and NPS pollution load and crop yields, SPG experimental treatment had the best effect. It was concluded that the use of rice straw mats cover and soil amendments on soil surface could not only reduce the NPS pollution loads in receiving waters but also help increase the crop yield.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate toxicity of insecticide carbofuran and compensatory effects of phenobarbital sodium (PB) in vivo and in vitro. Sprague Dawley male rats were used as experimental animals and divided into carbofuran only administered group and simultaneous application group of carbofuran and PB. At 30 rain and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hrs after each treatment, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Kidney were immediately removed, immersed in fixatives, and processed with routine method for light microscopic study. Paraffin sections were stained with H-E, PAM and PAS. $5.0\times 10^4$ cell/ml of NIH 3T3 fibroblast in each well of 24 multidish were cultured: After 24 hours, the cells were treated with solution of six groups; control group cultured in media only, carbofuran $MTT_50$ or $NR_50$ group cultured in the media containing carbofuran $MTT_50$ or $NR_50$ and four experimental groups cultured in the media containing carbofuran $NR_50$ plus various concentratins of PB. After the NIH 3T3 fibroblast of all groups were cultured in same condition for 48 hours, Tetrazolium MTT (MTT) and NR (neutral red) assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cell organelles. Under the light microscope, atrophic change of renal corpuscles were frequently observed in 1 and 2 days after carbofuran treatment. The increase of the mesangium was apparent in 1 and 2 days after carbofuran treatment. Necrotic changes of the epithelium and loss of brush border of proximal tubules were most severe at 2 and 3 days after carbofuran treatment, respectively. In contrast, there were no evidences of the toxic effects on renal tissues at 48hrs in carbofuran-PB treated groups. Carbofuran $MTT_50$ and $NR_50$ were 78$\mu M$, 82.5$\mu M$ respectively. MTT and NR quantities were significantly increased in carbofuran-PB 100$\mu M$ treatment group and carbofuran-PB 100$\mu M$ treatment group. On the basis of these results, it is obvious that PB has compensatory effects against carbofuran toxicity.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2015

Because of acute or chronic intoxication by carbon disulfide, viscose rayon industry is strictly subjected to environment regulatory approval. Recently, non-wood fibers are frequently considered as a raw materials for the manufacture of specialty paper for the higher physical strength and functionality. Among the non-wood fibers, hemp bast fiber is one of the most widely used materials in viscose rayon yarn industries. In this study, the handsheet for manufacturing the viscose rayon yarn was prepared with wood pulp fibers and hemp bast fibers. The proper mixing ratio of wood fibers and hemp bast fibers with dry-strength agent and nano-celluloses was analysed in terms of physical and mechanical strength of sheet for viscose rayon yarn. The papermaking conditions for high mechanical strength of sheet were obtained by mixing the SwBKP and HwBKP fibers with freeness level of 200 mL CSF. The dual polymer system by controlling the addition ratio of PVAm and anionic PAM was also important. The addition of nano-cellulose into wet-end furnishes increased the physical strength of sheet, and improved the paper structure for the production of viscose rayon yarn.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.525-532
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• 2014

Since mine wastes were merely dumped in the mine waste dump, they have produced acid mine drainage (AMD). Therefore, main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of coal combustion products (CCPs) on heavy metal stabilization and detoxification for mine wastes. Total six treatments for incubation test were conducted depending on mixing method (completely mixing and layered). Also, lysimeter experiment was conducted to examine efficiency of polyacrylamide (PAM) on reduction of mine wastes erosion. Result of incubation test showed that concentrations of soluble aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) in leachate decreased compared to control. The lowest soluble Al and Fe in leachate was observed in 50% mixed treatment (14.2 and $1.03mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Al and Fe respectively) compared to control treatment (253.0 for Al and $52.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Fe). The pH of mine wastes (MW) and leachate increased compared to control after mixing with CCPs and ordered as control (MW 6.4, leachate 6.3) < 10% (MW 7.7, leachate 7.1) < 20% (MW 9.0, leachate 7.8) < 30% (MW 9.5, leachate 8.3) < 40% (MW 9.9, leachate 8.5) < 50% (MW 10.5, leachate 8.6). Application of PAM, both in liquid and granular type, dramatically decreased the suspended solid (SS) concentration of CCPs treatments. Reduction of SS loss was ordered as MW70CR30L ($24.4mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30LPL ($6.7mg\;L^{-1}$) > NT ($3.1mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30M ($1.6mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30MPL ($1.1mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30PGM ($0.7mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30LPG ($0.5mg\;L^{-1}$) > MW70CR30MPG ($0.4mg\;L^{-1}$). Overall, application of CCPs can be environmental friendly and cost-effective way to remediate coal mine wastes contaminated with heavy metals. In addition, use of PAM could help to prevent the erosion coal mine wastes in mine waste disposal area.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.312-317
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• 2005

In this study, using the stamping, analysis program, PAM STAMP, applied to the drawing result of springback analysis and draw analysis with applying on the best design planning as many times simulations from the initial stage of the die developing of automotive panels. Especially, after inspecting the design method with stamping analysis and springback analysis, write about the die development examples, using CADCEUS which is the software revising the amount of springback.

• 환경생물
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.18-29
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• 2016

김 양식을 하고 있는 해역의 물리 화학적인 해양환경 특성, 식물플랑크톤 색소 조성과 농도, 식물플랑크톤 및 방사무늬김의 일차 생산력을 2014년 3월에 김 양식이 이루어지고 있는 만호해역에서 조사를 하였다. 수온은 $9.1{\sim}9.6^{\circ}C$, 염분은 32.5~33.1이었고, 투명도는 높은 탁도로 인하여 유광층이 낮아져 0.7~1.5 m를 보였다. 수층의 용존 무기질소, 용존 무기인 및 규산 규소 각각의 농도는 $3.59{\sim}5.73{\mu}M$, $0.16{\sim}0.41{\mu}M$, $12.41{\sim}13.94{\mu}M$이었다. 클로로필 a 농도는 $0.51{\sim}1.25{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$이었고, $0.7{\sim}20{\mu}m$ 범위의 nanoplankton의 클로로필 a 농도가 58%를 차지하였다. 규조류의 marker 색소인 fucoxanthin의 농도는 $0.51{\sim}1.25{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$로서 전 정점에서 높은 값이었고, $20{\sim}200{\mu}m$ 범위의 fucoxanthin이 64%를 차지하였다. 식물플랑크톤에 의한 일차 생산력은 $57.72{\pm}4.67(51.05{\sim}66.71)mg\;C\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$이었고, $0.7{\sim}20{\mu}m$ 범위의 nanoplankton이 76.9%를 차지하였으며, 면적을 고려한 일차 생산력은 $11,337kg\;C\;d^{-1}$이었다. 방사무늬김에 의한 평균 일차 생산력은 $1,926{\pm}192(1,102{\sim}2,597)mg\;C\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$이었고, 면적을 고려한 일차 생산력은 $39,295kg\;C\;d^{-1}$이었다. 식물플랑크톤과 방사무늬김에 의한 일차 생산력을 토대로 계산된 만호해역의 일차 생산력은 $50,632kg\;C\;d^{-1}$로 나타났다. 만호해역의 식물플랑크톤에 의한 일차 생산력이 다른 해역보다 낮고, 김의 일차 생산력이 식물플랑크톤의 일차 생산력보다 약 3.5배 높았다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2021

스트레처블 에너지 저장 장치 경량화를 위해 금속 집전체를 대체할 경량 물질 개발에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전도성 고분자인 PEDOT:PSS를 전기방사법으로 제조한 나노 섬유를 리튬이온전지용 집전체로 사용하였다. 나노 섬유는 도펀트인 DMSO를 사용해 향상된 전기 전도성을 나타냈으며, 신축성 평가결과로 부터 30% 이상의 신축률을 보여주었다. 또한, 나노 섬유 집전체를 사용함으로써 액체 전해질의 침투가 용이하며, 나노 섬유 네트워크를 통해 전자전도성을 높이는 효과를 나타났었다. DMSO 도핑 PEDOT:PSS@PAM 나노 섬유 필름 집전체를 사용한 리튬이온전지는 135mAh g^-1의 높은 방전용량을 보여주었으며, 1000 사이클 이후 73.5%의 높은 용량 유지율을 나타내었다. 따라서, 전도성 나노 섬유의 우수한 전기화학적 안정성과 기계적 특성은 신축성 에너지 저장 장치의 경량 집전체로서의 활용이 가능함을 보여주었다.