• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.251-256
• /
• 2013

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of Hh-Ag1.5, a small-molecule chemical agonist of SMOothened receptor, on the in vitro maturation and development of in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos in pigs. Oocytes or fertilized embryos were cultured in a maturation or embryo culture medium supplemented with 0 (control), 25, 50 or 100 nM of Hh-Ag1.5, respectively. Although the maturation rate were not different among treatment groups, the blastocyst formation rate in the group treated with 25 nM Hh-Ag1.5 was significantly increased compared to other groups (P<0.05). While the highest dose of Hh-Ag1.5 (100 nM) did negatively affect to the embryo development and cell number in blastocysts compared to other groups (P<0.05), the apoptotic cell index in blastocysts was significantly lower in 25 and 50 nM groups than in control and 100 nM groups (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of the proapoptotic gene Bax and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-XL decreased in among treatment groups compared to control (P<0.05). The embryo quality related genes, Tert and Zfp42, were significantly decreased in 50 and 100 nM groups compared with control and 25 nM groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 25 nM Hh-Ag1.5 to in vitro maturation and culture medium can enhance the developmental potential as well as quality of IVF embryos in pig.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.3.1-3.13
• /
• 2023

Background: Zinc (Zn) is an essential cofactor for physiological homeostasis in the body. Zn oxide (ZnO), an inorganic compound that supplies Zn, exists in various sizes, and its bioavailability may vary depending on the size in vivo. However, comparative studies on the nutritional effects of micro-sized ZnO (M-ZnO) and nano-sized ZnO (N-ZnO) supplementation on Zn deficiency (ZnD) animal models have not been reported. Objectives: This study investigated the nutritional bioavailability of N-ZnO and M-ZnO particles in dietary-induced ZnD mice. Methods: Animals were divided into six experimental groups: normal group, ZnD control group, and four ZnO treatment groups (Nano-Low, Nano-High, Micro-Low, and MicroHigh). After ZnD induction, N-ZnO or M-ZnO was administered orally every day for 4 weeks. Results: ZnD-associated clinical signs almost disappeared 7 days after N-ZnO or M-ZnO administration. Serum Zn concentrations were higher in the Nano-High group than in the ZnD and M-ZnO groups on day 7 of ZnO treatment. In the liver and testis, Nano-Low and Nano-High groups showed significantly higher Zn concentrations than the other groups after 14-day treatment. ZnO supplementation increased Mt-1 mRNA expression in the liver and testis and Mt-2 mRNA expression in the liver. Based on hematoxylin-and-eosin staining results, N-ZnO supplementation alleviated histological damage induced by ZnD in the testis and liver. Conclusions: This study suggested that N-ZnO can be utilized faster than M-ZnO for nutritional restoration at the early stage of ZnD condition and presented Mt-1 as an indicator of Zn status in the serum, liver, and testis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.170-177
• /
• 1989

In order to seek the molecular basis of higher insecticidal activity of the carbamates with two methyl groups, m-xylyl-N-methylcarbamate(MXNMC) than the corresponding unsubstituted phenyl N-methylcarbamate(PNMC), these two derivatives have been studied by molecular orbital(MO) theoretically using extended $H\ddot{u}ckel$ theory(EHT), and analysis of regression and linear free energy relationship(LFER). The most stable stereo structure(Z, Z) shows that the phenyl group occupies vertical(${\theta}=90^{\circ}$) position on the plane of the N-methylcarbamyl group. Regression analysis shows that especially good correlation exists between the $pI_{50}$ values and the calculated MO quantities when the hydrogen atomic charge of metaposition and of m-methyl groups, and LUMO energy are taken as variables. The LFER analysis on the carbamylation indicates that field(F) effect(60%) is slightly larger than resonance(R) effect(40%) in PNMC(E>R), whereas, in case of MXNMC, R effect(98.6%) is much larger than F effect(1.4%)($R{\gg}F$). From the basis on the findings, the enhancement of insecticidal activity of MXNMC may be the result of hyperconjugation by m-methyl groups.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.20 no.1_2
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2006

Two infinite classes of special finite groups considered (The group G is special, if G' and Z(G) coincide). Using certain sequences of numbers we give explicit formulas for the Fibonacci lenghts of these classes which involve the well-known Wall numbers k(n).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2005

The dietary effect of water extracts of Liriopis tuber(WELT) in the diabetic SD-rats on the level of blood sugar and serum cholesterol was investigated. The experimental plots divided into normal group(N), diabetic control(DC), 5% WELT-group(WELT-I) and 10% WELT-group (WELT-II). Each group was fed for 6 weeks, then continuously fed for 1 more week after streptozotocin injection. The loss of the body weight fed for one week after induction of the diabetes was 2.2～6.3% in the WELT-I and -II groups, but it was 18.6% in the DC-group. There was no significant difference in the feed intakes after diabetes induction between N-group and WELT-group, while it was significantly increased in DC-group. The feed efficiency ratios before diabetes induction were 1.70 in WELT-I group, 1.53～1.59 in the N, DC and WELT-II group, while the ratios after diabetes induction were 0.92 in DC-group, 1.51～1.83 in the N, WELT-I and -II group. While the amounts of water intakes for one week after diabetes induction was 625.4 mL in the DC-group, and it were 364.3～371.1 mL in the WELT-groups showing no significant difference with N-group. The excretion amounts of urine were 431.96 mL in DC-group for one week after diabetes induction, and it was 182～192.84 mL in WELT-groups. The ratios of liver weight against body weight were 2.74% in N-group, 2.93～2.96% in WELT-groups, but it was 4.01% in DC-group. The level of blood glucose in WELT-groups fed for one week after diabetes induction were 136.8～138.6 mg/dL showing no significant difference with N-group, but it was 357.8 mg/dL in DC-group. The level of serum triacylglycerol and serum total cholesterol were 93.8 and 68.7 mg/dL in N-group, 120.1 and 101.6 mg/dL in DC-group, 97.4～100.6 and 60.8～67.7 mg/dL in WELT-groups, respectively, showing no significant difference between N-group and WELT-groups. HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio were 0.63 in N-group, 0.57～0.67 in WELT -groups, which was significantly higher than that of DC-group(p<0.05). Atherogenic index were 0.58 in N-group, 0.49～0.74 in WELT-groups, but it was 1.32 in DC-group. The above results suggest that the WELT diets may have both preventive and curing effects against the diabetes.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.26 no.5_6
• /
• pp.945-959
• /
• 2008

n-ary $H_v$-structures is a generalisation of both n-ary structures and $H_v$-structures. A wide class of n-ary $P-H_v$-groups is the n-ary $P-H_v$-groups that is concidered in this paper. In this paper the notion of a normal subgroup of an n-ary $P-H_v$-groups is introduced and the isomorphism theorems for n-ary $P-H_v$-groups are stated and proved. Also some examples and related properties are investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.335-348
• /
• 2011

This study was designed to compare the dietary habits of women's university students according to residence type. The subjects were 140 females divided into four groups. The first group consisted of students residing at home with their parents (home, n=39), the second group consisted of students residing in a dormitory (dormitory, n=34), the third group consisted of students residing in a boarding house (boarding, n=36), and the fourth group consisted of self-boarding students (self-boarding, n=31). The average age was 21.9 years, and the BMI levels of the groups were $20.8kg/m^2$, $19.6kg/m^2$, $20.5kg/m^2$, and $19.7kg/m^2$, respectively. The 'home' group had higher dietary regularity than the other groups (P<0.05). The boarding group and self-boarding group were more likely to eat out and skip breakfast than the home and dormitory groups (P<0.05). All groups indicated that frequency of snacking was higher than 1 time per day, but there was no significant difference between the groups. The dormitory and boarding groups spent less time consuming meals than the other groups. In conclusion, women's university students show different dietary behaviors according to residence type. Especially, the dormitory, boarding, and self-boarding groups need to improve their dietary habits through high quality education and nutritional support at college cafeterias.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.61-74
• /
• 1997

Let $d$ be a positive integer with $d\not{\equiv}2$ mod 4, and let $K=\mathbb{Q}({\zeta}_{pd})$ for S an odd prime $p$ such that $p{\equiv}1$ mod $d$. Let $K_{\infty}={\bigcup}_{n{\geq}0}K_n$ be the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $K=K_0$. In this paper, explicit generators for the Tate cohomology group $\hat{H}^{-1}$($G_{m,n}$ are given when $d=qr$ is a product of two distinct primes, where $G_{m,n}$ is the Galois group Gal($K_m/K_n$) and $C_m$ is the group of cyclotomic units of $K_m$. This generalizes earlier results when $d=q$ is a prime.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.185-191
• /
• 2006

This paper observes that the induced homomorphisms on cohomology groups by a cyclic map are trivial. For a CW-complex X, we use the fact to obtain some conditions of X so that the n-th Gottlieb group $G_n(X)$ is trivial for an even positive integer n. As corollaries, for any positive integer m, we obtain $G_{2m}(S^{2m})\;=\;0\;and\;G_2(CP^m)\;=\;0$ which are due to D. H. Gottlieb and G. Lang respectively, where $S^{2m}$ is the 2m- dimensional sphere and $CP^m$ is the complex projective m-space. Moreover, we show that $G_4(HP^m)\;=\;0\;and\;G_8(II)\;=\;0,\;where\;HP^m$ is the quaternionic projective m-space for any positive integer m and II is the Cayley projective space.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.429-439
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrients intakes, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) according to body mass index (BMI) in female college students (n = 320). The study subjects were divided into 3 groups based on their body mass index, an underweight group (BMI < 18.5 kg/$m^2$, n = 55), a normal group (18.5 kg/$m^2$ ${\leq}$ < 23 kg/$m^2$, n = 231), and an overweight group (23 kg/$m^2$ ${\leq}$ BMI < 25 kg/$m^2$, n = 34). The food and nutrition intake data obtained by administering a 3-day food record and were analyzed by using Can pro 3.0 software. Anthropometric measurements were collected from each subject. Body weights and BMI of the underweight group were 45.9 kg, 17.6 kg/$m^2$, those of the normal group were 53.8 kg, 20.5 kg/$m^2$, and those of overweight group were 62.6 kg, 23.8 kg/$m^2$, respectively. The mean daily dietary GI of underweight, normal and overweight groups was 66.2, 65.8 and 66.5, respectively. These differences were statistically non-significant. The mean daily dietary GL of underweight, normal and overweight groups were 159.2, 149.4, and 148.9, respectively. The major food source of dietary GI and GL was rice in the three groups. Dietary GI and GL were not significantly correlated with obesity when adjusted for energy, carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake.