• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.187-194
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• 1980

To estimate the amount of daily salt intake by source of food and urinary sodium excretion, a dietary survey was conducted from August 27th to September 3, 1980. The salt concentration of six kinds of food was measured. The families of 25 womens' club leaders and 25 families of hypertensive patients were studied after they had been given a short course of education on lowsalt diet. The results were as follows: 1. The average amount of high-salt foods eaten daily by the study group were as follows: 4.5 Gm. in the form of table salt 16.8 ml of home-made soy sauce 6.20 ml of commercial soy sauce 11.9 Gm. of home-made red-pepper bean paste 12.0 Gm. of home-made soy-bean paste 120.7 Gm. of Kimchi 2. The average NaCl concentration of each food was as follows: 99.5% in table salt, 22.5% in home made soy sauce, 11.9% in Commercial soy sauce, 6.8 Gm% in home made red pepper bean paste, 9.2 Gm% in home-made soy-bean paste and the average concentration of various kinds of Kimchi was 2.7 Gm%. 3. The total amount of daily salt intake per adult was calculated as 14.3 Gm. By sources of food 4.5 Gm from table salt, 3.9 Gm from home-made soy sauce and 3. 3 Gm from Kimchi were taken daily Three other kinds of food were also minor sources of salt intake.4. The average amounts of individual daily salt intake were not significantly different between the hypertensive group and the normotensive group: the median of the normotensive group (11.7Gm.) was significantly lower than that of the hypertensive group (14.9Gm.). Therefore the womens' club leaders appeared to respond more quickly than the hypertensive group after low-salt diet education. 5. The average amount of sodium excretion in the 24 hour urine specimen was 234.7 mEq. From this finding the daily NaCl intake was estimated to be 15.8Gm.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2012

eLoran (enhanced Long Range Navigation)의 구축을 위해서는 로란시스템 설비업그레이드, 시스템 정보데이터 채널추가, dLoran (differential Loran) 사이트, ASF(Additional Secondary Factor) 데이터베이스 등이 필요하다. 특히 eLoran 송신국들의 정확한 UTC (세계협 정시, Coordinated Universal Time) 동기는 eLoran 시스템의 항법성능 향상을 위해 필수적이다. 따라서 송신국들의 정확한 UTC 동기를 위해서는 송신국의 절대 지연시간 측정 및 모니터링이 필요하며, 측정된 송신국 지연시간의 변화량을 보정정보로 이용자에게 제공하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 포항 LORAN-C 송신국(9930M)을 대상으로 수신지점에서의 TOA(Time of Arrival) 산출을 위한 송신신호의 기준시점을 측정하는 방법을 제시하였고 지연측정 시스템 및 송출신호 위상 모니터링 시스템을 개발하여 포항 송신국의 기준시점을 평가하였다. 측정결과 포항 송신국의 기준점 오프셋은 $-2.23{\mu}s$로 측정되었으며 송신 로란펄스의 위상을 관측한 결과 1 개월간에 약 $0.3{\mu}s$ 정도 흐르는 것이 관측되어 로란의 PNT(Positioning, Navigation and Timing) 활용을 위해 위상 모니터링과 보상이 필수적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

본 연구는 장애인의 장애특성, 환경, 활동 영역 및 보조기구를 고려하여 기존의 공적급여 전달체계를 개선함으로써 보다 질적으로 향상된 장애인보조기구 서비스를 제공하였다. 이에 정부주도의 장애인보조기구의 대여, 개조, 맞춤제작을 통한 보조공학 전달체계 서비스의 주요한 부분들을 파악하였고, 이를 개선함으로써 효율적인 서비스를 제공하게 되었다. 사례 연구로 2명의 장애인을 대상으로 개선된 절차 하에 보조공학 서비스를 제공하였고, 그들이 가지고 있는 어려움의 장벽들을 해소하기 위해 기존의 보조기구 무상교부의 절차와 다른 보다 전문적인 상담, 평가 및 회의 등의 과정을 통해 대상자의 요구를 충족시킨 후 그들의 활동 영역의 변화를 살펴보았다. 그 과정에는 상용화된 보조기구를 지원하기 전에 전문기관의 여러 가지 보조기구를 대여하여 사용하게 한 후 대상자의 환경에 가장 적합한 제품을 지원되게 함으로써 활용성을 높였다. 그리고 연구대상자의 특성 및 환경을 고려한 보조기구를 제작하여 제공하였다. 그 결과 장애에 적합한 보조기구의 사용은 보조기구의 보다 적극적으로 사용함으로써 활동범위는 증가하였고, 신체적 피로 및 보호자의 의존도를 경감하는 효과를 얻게 되었다. 하지만 연구대상자가 제한적이어서 과학적으로 효과를 검증하기에는 어려움이 있었다. 향후 전문기관의 보조기구 서비스 전달체계를 통해 더욱 다양한 사례의 수집으로 그 효과를 보다 명확하게 파악할 필요가 있으며 이러한 일련의 과정을 통해서 서비스 대상자의 문제점들을 해결하고 지속적인 사후관리가 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 1998

수평 전기로에서 $AgGaS_2$ 다결정을 합성하여 HWE 방법으로 $AgGaS_2$ 단결정 박막을 성장하였다. $AgGaS_2$ 단결정 박막을 성잘할 때 증발원과 기판의 온도를 각각 $590^{\circ}C$, $440^{\circ}C$로 성장하였을 때 이중결정 X-선 요동곡선(double crystal X-ray diffraction rocking curve, DCRC)의 반폭치(FWHM)값이 124 arcsec로 가장 작아 최적 성장조건이었다. 상온에서 $AgGaS_2$ 단결정 박막의 광흡수 특성으로부터 에너지 띠간격이 2.61cV였다. Band edge에 해당하는 광전도도 peak의 온도 의존성은 Varshni 관계식으로 설명되었으며, Vaeshni 관계식의 상수값은 Eg(0) = 2.7284eV, $\alpha$= 8.695$\times$10-4 eV/K, $\beta$= 332K 로 주어졌다. 광발광 봉우리는 20K에서 414.3nm(2.9926eV)와 414.1nm(2.7249eV)는 free exciton(Ex)의 upper polariton과 lower polariton인 {{{{{E}`_{x} ^{u} }}}}와 {{{{{E}`_{x} ^{L} }}}}, 423.6nm(2.9269eV)는 bound exciton emission에 의한 I로 관측되었다. 또한 455nm(2.7249eV)의 peak는 donor-acceptor pair(DAP)에 기인하는 광발광 봉우리로 관측되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1483-1489
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• 2010

실험동물은 생후 5주령의 Sprague Dawely계 수컷 흰쥐로 운동+단백질식이군(11마리), 운동군(11마리), 단백질식이군(11마리), 대조군(11마리)으로 총 44마리로 구분하였다. 운동은 총 4주간 트레드밀운동으로 주 5회, 1일 20분, 점진적으로 운동강도를 높여 실시하였고, 식이는 단백질 40%를 섭취시켜 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 면역글로불린에서 IgG은 단백질식이군이 운동군과 대조군보다 높았다. 항산화효소에서 SOD는 운동+단백질식이군과 단백질식이군이 대조군보다 유의하게 높았고, GPx는 운동+단백질식이군, 운동군, 단백질식이군이 대조군보다 유의하게 높았으며, CAT는 운동+단백질식이군이 단백질식이군과 대조군보다 유의하게 높았다. 이상의 결과를 통해 트레드밀운동과 단백질식이가 면역글로불린 및 항산화 효소에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 생각되며, 향후 운동강도와 단백질식이와 관련하여 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects and define the educational strategies of the cyber education offered to students for Bachelor of Science degree program(RN-BSN). The participants in this study were 67 students in two courses, Growth and Development, and Nursing Process. The main components of the cyber classes were the electronic board and on-line discussion board. The study was conducted from March 4, 2001 to July 23, 2001 at Y University in Seoul, Korea. To examine the effects of the cyber education, learning motivation, and learning satisfaction were measured by questionnaires to the students before the initial class and after completing the class. Learning achievement was measured by the grades for each course. The data were analyzed using frequencies, t-test, and paired t-test. The specific results of the course evaluation were compared and analysis was done to examine differences between traditional classroom teaching and cyber teaching. The study results are as follows: 1. There were no significant differences on total scores for learning motivation between pre-cyber education and post-cyber education. However, there were significant decreases in the post test compared to the pre test for the items, ' I'd like to get as high a score as possible compared to other students (t=-2.20, p=.03)' and ' I'm sure to acquire good grades(t=-5.22, p=.00) '. 2. The average score for learning satisfaction using cyber education was high at 3.52. 3. To define learning achievement using cyber education, grades for students taking cyber classes this year were compared to student grades for a class using traditional lassroom teaching last year. The score was significantly higher for classroom students in the 'Growth and Development' course (t=-3.5, p<.001), and the score was significantly higher for the cyber education students in the 'Nursing Process' course (t=4.3, p<.000). 4. The average of post scores on computer competency was significantly higher on six items, general knowledge about computers, data management and data research, ability to communicate using computer, and internet surfing. On the basis of the above findings, this study suggests that cyber education in nursing courses is effective and readily available. However, it is recommended that consideration be given to characteristics of the course when developing cyber education programs for nursing courses.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.27-39
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to prove the factors affecting the fluctuation of daily visitors in five mountainous national park(Kayasan, kyeryongsan, Naejangsan, Soraksan, Songnisan), and to analyze the relationship between these factors and daily visitors in Korea. "Three Factors and Nine Categories"(Aoki, K. & Aoki, Y. : 1974, 1979) has been applied to this study, and statistical analysis method was carried out by computer program SAS and SPSS. The number of daily visitors is calculated based on the data of "Daily entrance ticket sale report" by administration office in each national park. The scope of time period is during the last 5years(1982∼1986: 1825days) and the results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences in the number of daily visitors of each national park among months, days of a week and weather-the same as the previous study of urban park case. But it wold be better for their category classification to be adjusted according to the fluctuation pattern of each national park. 2) The peak of monthly visitors comes in May(Kayasan, Soraksan, Songnisan) or October(Kyeryongsan, Naejangsan). These months are specified as group tour season. On the basis of monthly fluctuation pattern, Each national park were classified into seasonal type, that is, kayasan, Soraksan were proved to be three-season type(Spring, Summer, Autumn), Songnisan to be two-season type(Spring, Autumn), and Naejangsan to be one-season type(Autumn). 3) The weekly pattern differs from three category (weekday, weekend, holiday: Eom, Choi 1986) in the case of urban park study. And there is no significant difference in daily fluctuation pattern by weather (fine, cloudy and rainy day), but significant difference between snowy and the others. This result is due to the characteristics of visitors, which is, the major visits of national park are planned in a advance of the tour, therefore it is difficult to change the plan by the weather. 4) the result of correlation analysis showed that the most influential factor on national park use in Kayasan, Naejangsan, Soraksan and Songnisan is ′Monthly characters (M)′, on the contrary ′Day of week(D)′ in Kyeryongsan only. From the result, The more parks are resource-based, the more ′Monthly characters′-factor is supposed to affect the number of daily visitors rather than ′Day of the week′-factor. This means that kayasan, naejangsan, Sorakson and Songnisan are classified into resource-based type, but on the other hand Kyeryongsan should be classified into intermediate type.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권1C호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 이차원 이산 웨이블릿 변환을 이용한 실시간 영상 압축 및 복원 프로세서의 구조를 제안하고 ASIC(Application specific integrated circuit) 라이브러리를 이용하여 최소의 하드웨어로 구현하였다. 구현된 하드웨어에서 데이터 패스부는 웨이블릿 변환과 역변환을 수행하는 DWT 커널(Kernel)부, 양자화기 및 역양자화기, 허프만 엔코더 및 디코더, 웨이블릿 역변환 시 계수의 덧셈을 수행하는 덧셈기 및 버퍼, 그리고 입출력을 위한 인터페이스와 버퍼로 구성하였다. 제어부는 프로그래밍 레지스터와 명령어를 디코딩하여 제어 신호를 생성하는 주 제어부, 그리고 상태를 외부로 알리는 상태 레지스터로 구성된다. 프로그래밍 조건에 따라서 영상을 압축할 때의 출력은 웨이블릿 계수, 양자화 계수 혹은 양자화 인덱스, 그리고 허프만 코드 중에서 선택하여 발생할 수 있고 영상을 복원할 때의 출력은 허프만 디코딩 결과, 복원된 양자화 계수 그리고 복원된 웨이블릿 계수 중에서 선택하여 발생할 수 있다. 프로그래밍 레지스터는 총 16개로 구성되어 있는데 각각이 한번의 수직 혹은 수평 방향의 웨이블릿 변환을 수행할 수 있고 각각의 레지스터들이 차례대로 동작하기 때문에 4 레벨의 웨이브릿 변환을 한번의 프로그래밍으로 수행가능하다. 구현된 하드웨어는 Hynix 0.35m CMOS 공정의 합성 라이브러리를 가지고 Synopsys 합성툴을 이용하여 게이트 레벨의 네트리스트(Netlist)를 추출하였고 이 네트리스트로부터 Vela 툴을 이용하여 타이밍정보를 추출하였다. 추출된 네트리스트와 타이밍정보(sdf 파일)를 입력으로 하여 NC-Verilog를 이용하여 타이밍 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 구현된 회로를 검증하였다. 또한 Apollo 툴을 이용하여 PNR(Place and route) 및 레이아웃을 수행하였다. 구현된 회로는 약 5만 게이트의 적은 하드웨어 자원을 가지고 최대 80MHz에서 동작 가능하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.17
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• pp.175-178
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• 2004

The stochiometric mixture of evaporating materials for the $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film was prepared from horizontal furnace. To obtain the $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film, $ZnIn_2S_4$ mixed crystal was deposited on throughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) in the Hot Wall Epitaxy(HWE) system. The source and substrate temperature were $610^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$, respectively and the growth rate of the $ZnIn_2S_4$ sing1e crystal thin film was about $0.5\;{\mu}m/hr$. The crystalline structure of $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film was investigated by photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction(DCXD) measurement. The carrier density and mobility of $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film measured from Hall effect by van der Pauw method are $8.51{\times}10^{17}\;cm^{-3}$, $291\;cm^2/V{\cdot}s$ at $293_{\circ}\;K$, respectively. From the photocurrent spectrum by illumination of perpendicular light on the c - axis of the $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film, we have found that the values of spin orbit splitting ${\Delta}S_O$ and the crystal field splitting ${\Delta}Cr$ were 0.0148 eV and 0.1678 eV at $10_{\circ}\; K$, respectively. From the photoluminescence measurement of $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film, we observed free excition $(E_X)$ typically observed only in high quality crystal and neutral donor bound exciton $(D^{o},X)$ having very strong peak intensity The full width at half maximum and binding energy of neutral donor bound excition were 9 meV and 26 meV, respectively, The activation energy of impurity measured by Haynes rule was 130 meV.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.515-524
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• 2001

Two experiments using growing and finishing pigs (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) were conducted to determine the effects of different levels of vitamins and trace minerals (VTM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, and to evaluate the suitability of vitamin-mineral levels commonly used in the swine industry in Korea. A total of 120 three crossbred (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) growing (Experiment I: 20.90 0.44 kg average initial body weight) and finishing (Experiment II: 53.55 0.97 kg average initial body weight) were used in 6 and 9 weeks feeding trials, respectively. Pigs were allotted on the basis of sex and weight to 5 treatments with 6 replications per treatment with 4 pigs per pen in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were: 1) control, 2) fat soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 3) water soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 4) trace mineral 50% vs. control, 5) trace mineral 200% vs. control. In experiment I, during the overall experimental period (0 to 6 weeks, 21 to 54 kg body weight), ADG of the 200% trace mineral supplemented group was significantly higher than that of the 50% trace mineral supplemented group. There were no significant differences among other the treatments. Digestibility of crude protein was lowest in mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Calcium digestibility was significantly higher in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than in the other treatments (p<0.05). In experiment II, during the overall experimental period (0 to 9 weeks, 54 to 106 kg body weight), growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. However, increasing level of water soluble vitamins at the level of 200% compared to control had a tendency to improve the overall growth performance. Overall carcass characteristics except for carcass length did not differ among pigs fed the dietary treatments. Loin eye area, pH, drip loss and shear force of meat were not affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. There was a trend for less fat content (%) in pork when the level of vitamin and trace mineral was increased, but the difference was not significant. Flavor score was the lowest in control and highest in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group (p<0.05). Juiciness of muscle was lower in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than other dietary treatments, except for trace mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Based on these results, it is suggested that "typical" commercial levels of vitamin and trace minerals used by feed companies in Korea are sufficient to meet requirement for the maximum growth of growing-finishing pigs. Our results suggests that a reduction in trace mineral levels in commercial diets could be considered to reduce feed cost and nutrient excretion with economic and environmental benefits.