• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.532-538
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• 1996

In cancer chemotherapy, it is necessary to control the phamacokinetic behavior of an antitumor drug for effective treatment. Therefore, two 5-fluorouracil derivatives synthesize d with N-a-cyloxycarbonyl derivatives {1-(N-t-butyloxycarbonyl)leucyloxymethyl-5-FU(BLFU) and 1-(N-t-carbobenzyloxymethyl)leucyloxymethyl-5-FU(CLFU)}. prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil, antitumor agent, were loaded into liposome of different lipid compositions. After liposomal drugs were injected intramuscularly, their pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution were assessed. The $AUC_{0{\to}{\infty}$ values were 1.29, 72.50, 85.57, 66.40 and 103.60${\mu}$g.hr/ml for 5-FU, BLFU, CLFU, BLFU- and CLFU-loaded liposome, respectively. 5-FU was distributed to spleen and liver with a maximal concentration after 1 hr and eliminated after 24 hr. But both prodrugs and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposome entrapped prodrugs were distributed to spleen and liver at a lower concentration but maintained for a long time with a relatively high concentration in lung. Especially, liposome-entrapped CLFU was distributed to lung with a maximal concentration after 1 hr and redistributed to spleen increasingly, while the concentration of liposome-entrapped BLFU in lung reached a maximal level after 12 hr.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.407-411
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• 1998

Aspergillosis, caused by infection with Aspergillus fumigatus and less commonly by other Aspergillus species, is a prevalent and costly respiratory disease of poultry, In a flock of chicks, the number of birds, 4∼5 months old, had become gradually emaciated and subsequently died. Gross necropsy revealed multiple granulomatous masses on the abdominal serosa. The masses, 4∼15 mm in size, were attached on mainly intestinal wall. Also, the smaller masses in size were on mesentery and pancreas. However, only a few small white nodules were scattered throughout liver and lung in few samples. Microscopically, the mass were granulomatous with a central area of necrosis containing numerous septate, branched fungal hypae consistent with Aspergillus sp. These were surrounded by macrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes and fibrous tissues. Nodular lesions of liver and lung were seemed to spread hemotogenously from intestine and the possible route of infection was speculated by oral. This report is a Aspergillus-induced granuloma limited to the serosa of abdominal cavity, especially of intestinal wall.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2013

Although significant advances in the treatment of intrahepatic lesions, it is reported that the prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have extrahepatic metastasis remains poor. We report a patient with lung, liver, brain, bone and subcutaneous metastasis from HCC who has survived more than 7 years maintaining relatively good performance status as a result of repeated therapies. A 55-year-old male patient with HCC underwent right lobectomy of the liver and cholecystectomy in September 2006. He received wedge resection for lung metastasis twice (July 2009, January 2011) and Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis (April 2011). Over the last 3 years, he has developed metastasis in subcutaneous tissues, muscle, and bone with pain. He has undergone 7 courses of radiotherapies for subcutaneous tissues, muscle, and bone metastasis and been prescribed sorafenib and he is still capable of all self-care.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.118-131
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• 1995

According to the oriental medicine study on G.B.S, we obtained the result as follows : 1. G.B.S was inclined in flacid paralysis and pain and numbness(痺) in oriental medicine. 2. Etiology factors of G.B.S was classified exogenous and endogenous pathogenic factors. The formers was warmth and heat(濕熱), summer heat and dampness(暑濕), dampness and heat(濕熱), and cool and dampness(寒濕), the latter was the deficiency in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency of Yin(vital essence) in both the liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛) the factor of dampness and heat(濕熱) was most numerous. 3. Pathological mechanism of G.B.S was close connected with the five viscera - the spleen(脾), the stomach(胃), the liver(肝), the kidney(腎), the lung(肺) 4. Differentiation of Symptom-Complexes(辨症) in the G.B.S was consumption type of nutrient fluid due to heat symptom in the lung(肺熱傷津), fullness type of dampness and heat(濕熱侵淫), defiency type in both the spleen and the kidney(脾腎不足), deficiency type in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency type in the liver and the kidney(肝腎兩虛) 5. Acupuncture treatment for G.B.S was mainly Yangmoung channels of both the hand and the foot.(手足陽明經)

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.247-251
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the applicability of the detection of central nervous system tissues (CNST) in beef by-products in retail market. Beef by-products including large intestine, brain, spinal cord, liver, lung, spleen and heart were purchased and tested for the presence of CNST using an ELISA method. The ELISA test was evaluated and showed a high correlation coefficient by a standard curve (R value = 0.999). Based on the analytical instruction, the positive indication of the CNST contamination of brain and spinal cord was detected above 0.1% but large intestine, liver, lung, spleen, and heart was negative. Result suggests that the ELISA method is applicable to a real meat system and may provide a method to ensure confidence for consumer against bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2009

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (size: 30 nm) were prepared by the supercritical synthesis method, Acute oral toxicity and tissue distribution of the nanoparticles were evaluated by a single administration in rats. Oral administration of the nanoparticles to the rats did not lead to death when the animals were treated by a dose of 5 g/kg (high dose) as well as 100 mg/kg (low dose). Abnormal clinical signs, changes in serum biochemistry and hematology were not observed in high-dose treated group compared to the vehicle control group. Lesions in liver, lung and kidney were not observed in high-dose treated group by histopathological examination. Tissue distribution analysis in liver, kidney, spleen, lung, testis and brain was performed on day 1, day 7 and day 14 after treatment. The average values of the accumulated cerium oxide nanoparticles were elevated in all tissues but statistical significance was only shown in lung. Low levels of tissue distributions after a single oral administration seem to be the low bioavailability of the nanoparticles.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2015

The case of a patient with a transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) to whom extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) had been applied is reported. A 55-year-old male injured with liver laceration (grade 3) without chest injury after car accident. He received lots of blood transfusion and underwent damage control abdominal surgery. In the immediate postoperative period, he suffered from severe hypoxia and respiratory acidosis despite of vigorous management such as 100% oxygen with mechanical ventilation, high PEEP and muscle relaxant. Finally, ECMO was applied to the patients as a last resort. Aggressive treatment with ECMO improved the oxygenation and reduced the acidosis. Unfortunately, the patient died of liver failure and infection. TRALI is a part of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The use of ECMO for TRALI induced severe hypoxemia might be a useful option for providing time to allow the injured lung to recover.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.729-735
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• 1999

Scopolia rhizome is mistaken as an atractylodes rhizome because of their similarities in shape. That is why atractylodes rhizome imported from China sometimes contain scopolia rhizome, which is very toxic. 8 persons were intoxicated atractylodes after taking imported atractylodes rhizome which is tainted. In kampo medicine prepared with such imported atractylodes rhizome, the level of tropane alkaloids ranged from 1.12∼4.34 mg/dose. In this study, we tried to investigate the tissue distribution of scopolia rhizome in rats. The extracts of scopolia was administered orally to rats (a single dose of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg and 7 days repeated dose of 10mg/kg). Their blood was collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 hrs, and liver, kidney, lung and spleen were collected after 6 hrs. The tissue homogenate was applied to solid phase extraction column for the determination of tropane alkaloids. After the oral administration of 20mg/kg scopolia extracts, l-hyoscyamine was detected in rat blood to 2 hrs after dosing. The concentration of tropane alkaloids was the highest in liver followed by lung, kidney and spleen. However, lung, kidney and spleen were similar in amount.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2006

The oral administration of extracts of young radishes cultivated with sulfur after intravenous tumor cell injection achieved a marked reduction of pulmonary colonization in mice. Treatment of the mice with extracts of young radish cultivated with sulfur did not show any increase in the number of CD8+ or NK T cells in the spleen, indicating no influence on host immunity. Sulforaphane, which could be a candidate for an active compound from young radishes cultivated with sulfur, inhibited cell growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells. In addition, extracts of the young radish cultivated with sulfur-fed group showed enhanced quinine reductase (QR) activities in the liver and lung and a slight increase of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver. These results suggested that the administration of extracts of young radishes cultivated with sulfur suppressed pulmonary tumorigenesis, possibly due to increased activity of detoxification enzymes in the liver and lung, and partly due to cell cytotoxicity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.442-448
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• 1996

Mitomycin C(MMC) has been used as an anticancer drug and behaves as an alkylating agent forming covalent cross-link between complementary strands of double strand DNA. The purpose of this research was to determine number of DNA adducts, formed in vivo by Mitomycin C, in mouse organs. DNAs from liver, lung, brain and pancreas were isolated and used for $^{32}P$-postlabelling. The labeled nucleotides were separated by 2D-TLC and subjected to autoradiography. Numbers of MMC-DNA adducts were 9,9,5,4 in liver, pancreas, lung and brain, respectively.