• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2002

A difference based current transformer (CT) saturation detection algorithm uses the third difference of a secondary current to detect the instants of the beginning/end of saturation. The third difference of a secondary current contains high frequency components when a CT is saturated. Thus, an effect of an anti-aliasing lowpass filter implemented in digital protection relays on the detection algorithm should be studied. This paper describes performance analysis of a lowpass filter on the CT saturation detection algorithm. The cutoff frequency of the lowpass filter is normally set to be half of a sampling frequency. In this Paper, two sampling frequencies of 3,840 (Hz) corresponding to 64 sample/cycle (s/c) and 1,920 (Hz) corresponding to 32 (s/c) are studied; the cutoff frequencies of the lowpass filters are set to be 1,920 (Hz), 960 (Hz) and 960(Hz), 480(Hz), respectively. And the proposed algorithm is verified by experiment. A 2nd order Butterworth filter is designed as a lowpass filter. The test results and experiment results clearly indicate that the saturation detection algorithm successfully detects the instants of the beginning/end of saturation even though a secondary current is filtered by the designed lowpass filters.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.644-652
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 급전면의 개방스터브와 접지면의 슬롯으로 구성되어 있는 초광대역의 저지대역을 갖는 저역통과 여파기 단위 구조를 캐스캐이드한 저역통과 여파기를 설계하였다. 초광대역의 저지대역을 갖는 저역통과 여파기 단위 구조는 급전면 개방 스터브에 의해 통과대역 특성을 결정하는 여파기 구조와 이러한 여파기의 dual 구조로 접지면 슬롯에 의해 통과대역 특성을 결정하는 여파기 구조가 있으며, 각각의 단위구조를 캐스캐이드함으로써 단일 여파기보다 더욱 향상된 저지대역과 skirt 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 개방 스터브에 의해 통과대역 특성이 결정되는 구조와 dual 구조의 캐스캐이드 여파기는 각각 1.035㎓와 1.286㎓에서 -3㏈ 차단 주파수를 가지며 저지대역은 두 구조 모두 -20㏈ 기준으로 20㎓ 이상의 광대역을 이루었다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권10호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1996

In this paper, a very efficient CAD algorithm is proposedd where rhodes formulae combined with distributed lowpass prototype filter in order to design the corrugated waveguide harmonic rejection filters accurately. The proposed algorithm resolves effectively the problem of proximity effect without any optimiation or iterative design process by using the internally convexed corrugated structure. A 13-section tapered corrugated lowpass filter has been designed by the proposed algorithm and fabricated. The experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated results.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.48-58
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• 1997

Using high quality high-$T_c$ superconducting (HTS) YBCO thin films, we designed and fabricated 3-pole, 5-pole, and 7-pole lowpass filters consisting of microstrip transmission lines and open-stub lines. We measured the microwave response of the filters in the temperature range of T=85 K to 27 K. AtT=30 K, the observed inband insertion loss was 0.14dB and 0.02dB for the 5-pole and 7-pole filters, respectively. The cut-off frequency was 4.7 GHz for the 5-pole filter and 7.9GHz for the 7-pole filter. To the authors' knowledge, the measured inband insertion losses are the best values reported so far for the open-stub line type HTS multipole lowpass filters. The skirt property of the 5-pole filter showed a large improvement over that of the 3-pole filter as predicted from the simulation. We found that, to obtain a stable performance, the HTS multipole lowpass filters should be operated at the temperatures between 60% and 70% of $T_c$.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.324-326
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• 2009

We present the design of a compact microstrip lowpass filter with a wide stopband which is up to ten times the cutoff frequency. The filter is based on a coupled-line configuration and shunt open stubs. The open stubs create additional transmission zeros, which are used to extend the stopband of the filter without any additional components or cascaded units. A prototype lowpass filter with a 3 dB cutoff frequency of 0.428 GHz and a 15 dB stopband extended up to 4.77 GHz is fabricated to validate the theoretical predictions.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제32B권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1995

In this paper, we propose a postprocessing method that neatly removes blocking effect but retains visually important image details and edges. The iterative thresholded lowpass filter is basically a low pass filter whose ouput depends on three variable elements. I.e. iteration number, threshold value and passband width. The threshold value restricts the difference between the output of the proposed filter and the original input independent of the iteration number. With this property, the iterative thresholded lowpass filter can retain most of the image details while smoothing the block boundaries. The other two variable elements, i.e. iteration number and passband width, can determine the convergence speed of the proposed filter. In this paper, we also propose several adaptive filtering techniques based on the iterative thresholded lowpass filter with their simulation results.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.663-671
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• 1988

In this paper, in order to reduce the blocking effect of block coded images, we propose the method considering the lowpass and bandpass components of Granrath's human visual model. This method consists of two-stage enhancement procedure. The first step is lowpass filtering which smooths out the blocking effect, and the second step is a high frequency enhancement procedure to increase the contrast decreased by the lowpass filtering in the first step. In the first step, the one-dimensional Gaussian filter which aligthns parallel to the edge direction is considered to preserve the edge in the block and the two-dimensional Gaussian filter is used to smooth out the blocking effect near the block boundaries. In the second step, the lowpass and bandpass components of the Granrath's model are considered to increase contrast in a restored image. The performance comparison of the proposed method and the existing mehtods is made by a computer simulation with several block coded images. We can see that the enhancement in the subjective quality of images of the proposed method is more significant than the enhancement in the subjective quality of images of the proposed method is more significant than the existing methods, though the proposed method does not show better performance on the PSNR gain, the poor measure of picture quality for block coded images.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 접지면의 슬롯과 급전면의 병렬 개방 스터브를 이용하여 초광대역의 저지대역과 우수한 cutoff 특성을 갖는 저역통과 여파기를 제안하였다. 슬롯과 병렬개방 스터브로 형성된 저지대역을 중첩 시켜 매우 넓은 저지대역을 얻을 수 있었으며 접지면에 형성된 두 슬롯 사이의 커플링을 이용하여 기존의 저역통과 여파기보다 우수한 cutoff특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 제안한 여파기는 20.1 mm ${\times}$ 18.7 mm의 크기로 통과대역 삽입손실은 1 ㎓까지 -0.4 ㏈ 이하이고 1.187 ㎓에서 -3 ㏈ 차단 주파수를 갖는다. 저지대역은 -20 ㏈ 기준으로 1.33 ㎓에서 20 ㎓ 이상의 광대역을 이루어 이상적인 여파기에 가까운 우수한 특성을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권3C호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2005

POCS에 근거한 후처리 방식은 블록 결함 제거에 좋은 결과를 보여 주었지만, POCS는 반복적인 과정에 많은 연산을 요구하여 실시간 제약이 있는 실제적인 후처리를 위해서는 구현되기가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 반복적인 기존의 POCS와 거의 비슷한 성능을 보이면서 계산 양을 획기적으로 감축한 DCT 영역에서의 POCS 방식을 제안한다. DCT 영역에서의 POCS 방식에서는 저역 통과 필터링을 DCT 영역에서 수행하여 역방향 DCT와 순방향 DCT 모듈을 제거하였다. 반복적인 POCS에서의 저역 통과 필터링을 분석하여, k번째 반복 과정에서의 필터링과 동일한 효과를 갖는 k차 저역 통과 필터링을 정의하고, 여기에 해당하는 k차 DCT 영역 POCS를 정의한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 반복적 과정이 없는 k차 DCT 영역 POCS는 k번 반복적 과정을 거친 기존의 POCS 방식에 비하여 PSNR과 주관적 화질 면에서 거의 비슷한 성능을 보여 주면서, 훨씬 작은 계산 양을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 DCT 영역에서의 POCS 방식은 실제적인 실시간 동작을 필요로 하는 후처리 구현을 위해서 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2010

In this paper, the front-end of a digital receiver with a 25 kHz carrier frequency, 5 kHz symbol rate, and any excess-bandwidth is designed using two basic facts. The first is known as the uniform sampling theorem, which states that the sampled sequence might not suffer from aliasing even if its sampling rate is lower than the Nyquist sampling rate if the analog signal is a bandpass one. The other fact is that if the sampling rate is 4 times the center frequency of the sampled sequence, the front-end processing complexity can be dramatically reduced due to the half of the sampled sequence to be multiplied by zero in the demixing process. Furthermore, the designed front-end is simplified by introducing sub-filters and sub-sampling sequences. The designed front-end is composed of an A/D converter, which takes samples of a bandpass filtered signal at a 20 kHz rate; a serial-to-parallel converter, which converts a sampled bandpass sequence to 4 parallel sub-sample sequences; 4 sub-filter blocks, which act as a frequency shifter and lowpass filter for a complex sequence; 4 synchronized switches; and 2 adders. The designed front-end dramatically reduces the computational complexity by more than 50% for frequency shifting and lowpass filtering operations since a conventional front-end requires a frequency shifting and two lowpass filtering operations to get one lowpass complex sample, while the proposed front-end requires only four filtering operation to get four lowpass complex samples, which is equivalent to one filtering operation for one sample.