• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of knowledge and information delivery modes related to preconception care (PCC) among adolescent girls and women. Methods: A scoping review was performed on studies selected from five electronic databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL/EBSCO, and ProQuest), published between 2012 and 2022, with predetermined keywords and criteria. We included English-language research articles available in full text and excluded irrelevant articles. Results: This study included eight articles, comprising seven quantitative studies and one qualitative study conducted among adolescent girls and women. Five were from low- and middle-income countries and three were from high-income countries. The synthesized themes generated from the data were PCC knowledge and PCC information delivery modes and effectiveness. In general, adolescent girls and women were found to have basic PCC knowledge, including risk prevention and management and a healthy lifestyle, although more extensive knowledge was found in higher-income countries than in lower-income countries. The delivery modes of PCC information have grown from individual face-to-face conventional methods, which are used predominantly in lower-income countries, to more effective digital mass media. Conclusion: Globally, many women still have insufficient knowledge regarding PCC, as not all of them receive access to PCC information and support. PCC promotion efforts should be initiated earlier by involving a wider group of reproductive-age women and combining individual, in-group, face-to-face, and electronic delivery modes.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2005

This study analyzed the physical indices, food habits and nutrient intakes of patients with hypertension, to provide better research data for the prevention and the cure for disease as well as basic data for nutrition education. The subjects were 44 patients who visited the general hospital, located in Daegu, to receive hypertension treatment The lifestyle, food habit, nutrient intakes, anthropometric measurements, body fat and blood pressure were measured as main indices. By the BMI, $72.8\%$ of the patients were over weight or obesity $(>23\;kg/m^2)$. In the male group, the WHR tended to increase according to the BMI (p<0.05). In the female group, the body fat tended to increase according to the BMI (p<0.05). The group with more monthly income showed lower systolic blood pressure than the group with smaller monthly income (p<0.05). The scores about food habits concerning balanced diet and preference for salt were low, which implied that food habits of subjects were not desirable. The intakes of riboflavin and calcium didn't meet the RDA requirements. Especially, the lack of calcium was more ap~nt in the female patients than the male ones. Despite this, they had more than enough protein, vitamin C, and iron. The physical indices according to blood pressure revealed that the group of higher blood pressure showed greater WHR (p<0.001). The male group with higher systolic blood pressure showed greater BMI than one with lower systolic blood pressure (p<0.05). As for nutrient intakes according to blood pressure, the group with higher blood pressure had more sodium and iron than one with lower blood pressure (p<0.05). The patients with hypertension tended to be more overweight or obese, preferred salty foods, and were in an unbalanced state of nutrient intakes. Thus more systematic and ongoing measures should be pursued to take care of patients with hypertension.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to a develop a preventive tailored early intervention program and to investigate the effects of the program on the quality of parenting for low income families. The subjects were eighty five infants, aged 13 to 32 months, and their mothers. Of the 85 mother-infant dyads, 42 dyads were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 43 dyads to the control group. To prevent the risks of the adverse development of infants from low income families a tailored intervention program was created based upon the transactional model. This emphasized the quality of the home environment and of the daily mother-infant interaction. The risk factors were assessed and progress monitoring was undertaken for the preventive tailored intervention treatment. In order to assess the effects of the program, HOME, the NCAST Teaching Scale and the Parenting Stress Index/Short From were used. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, and the McNemar test. The experimental group showed a significant increase in performance and higher scores than the control group on the scores from HOME, and the NCAST Teaching Scale and significant decrease and lower scores in the Parenting Stress Index(SF).

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.125-143
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of households with a negative cash flow. The Household Budget Survey conducted in 2000, 2005, and 2010 by the Bureau of Statistics in South Korea were used for this study. The households used in this study were divided into four groups according to their income levels; they were categorized the lowest, low, middle, and high income groups. This study made several findings regarding households with a negative/positive cash flow. Firstly, the demographic and economic characteristics were different between those who have a negative cash flow and those with a positive cash flow. A female household head, a household head age 65 and older, a household head with a lower educational attainment, an unemployed household head, and the presence of a child/children in schools were related with the household deficit. Secondly, the households with a positive cash flow had a higher income level compared to the households with a negative cash flow, while the households with a negative cash flow had a much higher consumption level compared to the households with a positive cash flow. Thirdly, the household deficit to total income ratio of the lowest income group was higher when compared to any other income group. Lastly, the multivariate statistics showed that households including a child/children in schools are more likely to be a household with a negative cash flow. Especially, the expenditures on education and transportation were related with the likelihood of a household deficit.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 제7기 (2018년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 65세 이상 노인의 가구소득수준에 따른 식생활, 건강생활특성 및 영양섭취실태를 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 연구 대상자 수는 전체 1,355명이었으며, 남자 노인 41.5% (558명), 여자 노인 58.5% (797명)로 소득수준별로 저소득군 48.3%, 중소득군 40.9%, 고소득군이 10.5%로 나타났다. 연령, 거주지역, 교육수준, 가구 유형에서 남녀 노인 모두 소득수준별로 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 경제활동여부는 남자 노인에서만 소득수준의 차이가 있었다. 식생활 실태에서는 남녀 노인 모두 소득수준이 높을수록 외식 횟수가 많았으며 점심, 저녁 식사의 동반자가 있는 비율이 높게 나타났다. 소득수준과 주관적 건강상태를 살펴보면 남자 노인의 경우 소득이 높을수록 건강이 좋다고 느끼는 비율이 유의하게 높았으며, 저작 불편 여부에서도 소득이 낮을수록 불편을 느끼는 노인의 비율이 높았다. 비만, 당뇨병, 고콜레스테롤혈증 및 고중성지방혈증 유병률은 노인의 가구소득수준별로 차이가 없었으며 여자 노인의 경우 고소득군보다 저소득군에서 고혈압 유병률이 높게 나타났다. 영양소 섭취량은 남녀 모두 소득이 높아질수록 에너지섭취량이 증가하였으며 탄수화물의 섭취량은 남녀 모두 소득수준별로 차이가 없었다. 그러나, 단백질과 지질의 섭취량은 소득수준별 차이가 유의하게 나타나 남녀 노인 모두 소득수준이 높을수록 단백질, 지질 섭취량이 증가하였다. 남자 노인의 경우 인, 칼륨, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 비타민 C의 섭취량이 유의하게 차이를 보여 소득수준이 높을수록 섭취량이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 여자 노인은 칼슘, 인, 철, 비타민 A, 리보플라빈, 니아신의 섭취량에서 소득수준별 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 리보플라빈의 경우 남녀 노인 모두에서 소득수준별로 매우 유의한 차이를 보였다. 남녀 노인의 총 식품섭취량은 소득이 높아질수록 비례해서 섭취량도 많아지는 것으로 나타났다. 남자 노인의 경우 과일류 (p < 0.001), 해조류 (p < 0.05), 계란류 (p < 0.05)에서 유의적인 차이를 보이며 소득이 높아질수록 많이 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 여자 노인의 경우에는 당류 (p < 0.001), 계란류 (p < 0.001), 음료류 (p < 0.001)에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났으며 소득이 높아질수록 섭취량이 증가하는 것으로 파악되었다. 전체적으로 우리나라 남녀 노인의 소득수준에 따른 영양 및 식품섭취량에 차이가 있으며 소득수준이 높을수록 에너지섭취량, 특히 단백질과 지질 섭취량이 많았고 미량영양소에서도 남자와 여자노인에 따라 섭취량에 차이가 있었다. 따라서, 남녀 노인의 소득수준에 따른 사회경제적 요인과 가구 유형, 사회환경 등이 식생활 및 영양섭취에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 노인 대상 영양지원 또는 교육 프로그램 설계 시 노인의 성별, 소득수준별로 세분화된 내용구성이 필요하며, 건강한 식생활과 생활습관으로 변화시킬 수 있는 다양하고 체계적인 영양교육 및 영양지원 프로그램이 설계되어 제공되어야 하겠다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study assessed household food security status and determined its association with diet quality and weight status among indigenous women from the Mah Meri tribe in Peninsular Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity Instrument and the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI) were used to assess household food security status and diet quality, respectively. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected through face-to-face interview, and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained from 222 women. RESULTS: Majority of households (82.9%) experienced different levels of food insecurity: 29.3% household food insecurity, 23.4% individual food insecurity, and 30.2% fell into the child hunger group. The food-secure group had significantly fewer children and smaller household sizes than the food-insecure groups (P < 0.05). The mean household income, income per capita, and food expenditure significantly decreased as food insecurity worsened (P < 0.001). The food-secure group had significantly higher Malaysian HEI scores for grains and cereals (P < 0.01), as well as for meat, poultry, and eggs (P < 0.001), than the food-insecure groups. The child-hunger group had significantly higher fat (P < 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.001) scores than the food-secure and household food-insecure groups. Compared to the individual food-insecure and child-hunger groups, multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the food-secure group was significantly associated with a higher Malaysian HEI score while the household food-insecure group was significantly associated with a higher BMI after controlling for age (P < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of indigenous households faced food insecurity. Food insecurity at the individual and child levels was associated with lower quality of diet, while food insecurity at the household level was associated with higher body weight. Therefore, a substantial effort by all stakeholders is warranted to improve food insecurity among poorer households. The results suggest a pressing need for nutritional interventions to improve dietary intake among low income households.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2002

This study compared the financial status between the employed-elderly households and the unemployed-elderly households, focused on income adequacy, expenditure adequacy and net wealth adequacy. Using data from 1997 KHPS, the lower financial status of the unemployed elderly households were found. Nine measures of financial status were used : income, per capita income, income-to-needs ratio, expenditure, per capita expenditure, expenditure-to-needs ratio, net wealth, net wealth-to-income ratio and net wealth- to-expenditure ratio. The results of this study showed that unemployed elderly households had 68%~77% of income adequacy and 72%~83% of expenditure adequacy for employed elderly households. Holding for gender, age, education, earners in the household, living area and home ownership constant, although the gap was getting smaller, significant differences between the unemployed-elderly households and the employed-elderly households were persisted. The result of this study indicated that the unemployed-elderly households and the employed-elderly households can not be regarded ac homogeneous group when public policies are developed.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2017

This study investigated the latent groups depending on married working women's work-family spillover. The effects of factors that determine mental health subgroups and differences were also analyzed. Mixture modeling was applied to the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families to achieve the research objectives. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, there were four subgroups that could be defined according to the work-family spillover: mid-level spillover group (mid-positive and mid-negative spillover group), high-level spillover group (high-positive and high-negative spillover group), low-level spillover group (low-positive and low-negative spillover group), and high-negative and low-positive spillover group. Second, the results of mixture regression analysis to test the effect of eco-system variables showed that age, academic background, non-traditional family value, number of children, work hours, wage income, and availability of the maternity leave were significant determinants of the latent groups. The probability of classifying in the high-negative and low-positive spillover group increased when women showed a lower academic background and wage income, higher number of children and older age, and longer work hours than others. Third, the high-level spillover group, and the high-level spillover group showed the lowest stress and the lowest depression; however, the low-level spillover group reported the highest stress and the highest depression. Implications, limitations, and future directions were discussed based on the results.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were 1) to classify adult consumers according to their desired clothing benefits on natural-dyed clothes, 2) to identify the differences of life-style among the classified groups, and 3) to determine the interest in Korean traditional culture, interest in dyeing, and demographics among the groups. The survey subjects were 283 adults. The data were analyzed utilizing factor analysis, cluster analysis, $x^2$-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test and multiple regression analysis. Based on the 6 dimensions of clothing benefits that were identified by factor analysis, adult consumers were classified into three clusters: eco-friendly oriented group showing the highest scores in environment conservation and comfort in clothing benefits, individuality-oriented group showing the highest scores in individuality and quality, and indifference group showing lower scores in all of the desired clothing benefits. The eco-friendly group showed the highest scores in attitude toward Korean traditional culture, and tended to have the most interest in natural and traditional methods of dyeing. The group members appeared to have passive life-styles, be older and married, and have a higher income than the other groups. The more positive attitude they had in Korean traditional culture, the higher was the purchase intention shown in the eco-friendly group. The individuality-oriented group showed active life-styles. This group tended to be younger than the other group. The more affirmative attitude in Korean traditional culture and the greater interest in the natural dyeing, the higher was the consumers' purchase intention of natural dyeing apparels. The indifference group tended to be younger, unmarried, and have a lower income. This group was not interested in natural dyeing apparels. The study findings demonstrated that consumers with different clothing benefits sought have different buying patterns on natural dyeing apparels. Finally the marketing implications are discussed.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.77-109
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• 2005

한 사회가 가지고 있는 내재적 갈등의 정도는 전통적인 소득불평등이라기보다는 양극화지수로 보다 잘 표현될 수 있다. 현 연구에서는 Esteban-Ray류의 '집단내 동질성-집단간 이질성' 접근법에 근거하여 양극화 개념을 소개하고 그들이 개발한 지수를 이용하여 외환 위기 직전인 1997년도 이래 소득분포의 양극화가 어떻게 진행되어 왔는가를 분석하였다. 주요 발견 내용을 다음과 같다. 첫째, 총가구소득을 이용하여 분석할 경우, 지니 계수로 표현되는 전통적인 소득불평등 지수와 비교하여 양극화 지수는 훨씬 빠른 속도로 증가해왔다. 이는 소득을 기준으로 볼 때 한국 사회에 잠재해 있는 사회 갈등 수준이 지니 계수로 표현되는 것보다 훨씬 심각한 속도로 증가해 왔음을 의미한다. 둘째, 최근의 외환위기 이전과 비교하여 이후에 양극화 지수의 값이 전반적으로 증가해온 것은 일차적으로 저소득층과 고소득층 사이의 소득격차가 증가해왔기 때문이지만 집단 내 (특히 저소득 집단 내) 소득격차가 줄어들었기 때문이기도 하다. 셋째, 총가구소득의 양극화는 근로소득이라기보다는 주로 비근로소득의 양극화에 의해 주도되어왔다.