• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-110
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and eating behaviors of middle school students in Kwangju area about food and nutrition section of Home Economics course. The subjects were 480 middle school students. The major results were as follows： On the perception f food and nutrition section, the 1st graders learned ‘how to settle the problems related to food and nutrition and food choices’. The 2nd graders learned ‘the knowledge and principle of food and nutrition for improving dietary life’. The 3rd graders learned ‘actual dietary life functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’. Consequently, there was a significant difference in each grade and all boy and girl students have the highest response to the item ‘they learn how to settle the nutrition problem and foods choices’. On the interests in food and nutrition section, lower graders and girl students have higher interest than hgiher graders and boy students. The area which was considered as most interesting in food and nutrition sections was ‘cooking’ in all students. The perception of the concern on dietary life after learning food and nutrition section was higher in the 1st graders. On the perception of the area where was a great change in their own dietary life after learning food and nutrition section, the 1st graders responded there was a great change in ‘balanced dietary life’, the 2nd graders in ‘eating habit and nutrition of adolescence’and the 3rd graders in ‘cooking’. Especially, girl students showed more changes. On the perception of degree which food and nutrition section gives a help to actual life, students over 50% responded that it was helpful to their actual life. This showed that the lower the grades, the more help it gave to those students. On the perception of mother’s job, the students with working mother considered that they learned ‘actual dietary life functions like functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’from the food and nutrition section. In addition, they had high interests in the area of ‘cooking’. It was recognized that as the family size was greater, the food and nutrition section gave more helps to actual life. On eating behaviors of breakfast, the higher the grade, the more frequent they don’t have breakfast, boy students have more frequencies of having breakfast than girl students and the primary reason of not having breakfast is poor appetite. On whether going without a meal affects study or not, most of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd graders whether they are boys and girls or not responded it affected their study. On eating behaviors of lunch, most of boy and girl students in the 1st, 2nd 3rd grade have lunch box. On eating behaviors of supper, eating time is usually between 7：00 and 8：00 p.m and eating hour is mostly 10 or 15 minutes. On eating behaviors between meals, frequency of eating between meals is mostly once or twice a day and girl students have more frequencies of eating between meals, and the cause was hunger commonly in boy and girl students and ‘killing time’in girl students. The focus in getting the foods is ‘taste’and favorite food is fruit regardless of the grade.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2002

The vision disturbances of school-age children has been recognized as and important school health problem. The purpose of this study is to describe the current status of the visual health and to explore the related factors for the decrease in visual acuity in the elementary school age children. The study subjects were 697 children (Boys: 338, Girls: 359) of 4th to 6th grade in two school in urban area. The visual acuity data of the school health examination in 1999 and 2000 were utilized for analysis. The questionnaire for children and parents was used for survey. The findings were as follows. 1. The prevalance rate of the children with the visual acuity less than 0.7 on the left eye were 26.84％ ( Grade 4), 31.30％ (Grade 5), and 38.39％ (Grade 6). The rate on the right eye were 28.31％ (Grade4), 30.37％ (Grade 5), and 37.92％ (Grade 6). There was a significant difference in the rate of the visual acuity less than 0.7 according to grade (p<.01). 2.The rate of visual acuity decrease was 40.12％. 3. The factors related to the decrease in the visual acuity were grade, sex, genetic factor, posture, and the awareness of the visual acuity. There was more decrease in the visual acuity when the children were in higher grade (O.R= 1.06), girls (O.R=2.29). Children having parents with better vision (Father: O.R=1.26; Mother O.R= 1.25) showed better vision. On the other hand, when the children have siblings with glasses, there was more decrease in the visual acuity (O.R=2.31). Students with good posture during study (sitting on the chair) and watching TV to the lower direction showed less decrease in the visual acuity. Also, when the students know their visual acuity, the rate of decrease were lower. The variables which odds ratio were statistically significant were sex (p<.01), siblings with glasses (p <.01), and awareness of visual acuity (p<.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.196-206
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze perfectism, interpersonal characteristic between the gifted & talented students and the general. The subject of this study were 112 the gifted students and 120 the general. They answered the questions about perfectism and interpersonal characteristic. To compare the gifted and general students' tendency, collected data was classified by their gender and grade. And correlation analysis was done in oder to analyze the relation between the gifted students' perfectism and interpersonal characteristic. The important results of this study were as follows. First, the grade gap of perfectism was not meaningful in both groups. Otherwise, the gender gap of perfectism was meaningful in both groups. Female's perfectism was higher than male's. And the gifted students' perfectism was higher than the general students'. Second, Differently, the gender gap of interpersonal characteristic was meaningful in the same group. Female had higher positive social-relationship, expression tendency than male. But female had lower competition-aggressiveness propensity than male. In the general group, the 6th grade students showed more positive role, social-relationship than 5th grade. And male showed more competition-aggressiveness propensity than female. Comparing the gifted and the general, the gifted had more dominant-superior, exhibitionistic-narcissistic propensity. It could be a reason of the gifted students' social problem. Third, among self-oriented perfectism and dominant-superior, independent-responsible propensity had meaningful correlation. Also socially-prescribed perfectism had influenced on dominant-superior, sociability-friendliness, exhibitionistic-narcissistic propensity.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.467-482
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• 2012

In this research, the TRIZ program was developed for the growth of creativity of elementary school students. As for the TRIZ program that was developed in this research, it reconfigured the 40 of principles of the TRIZ within current curriculum, so that it would be possible for all elementary school students to receive their education in school for the growth of creativity. In order to adopt the 4-stages-class model that was developed, I made sample kit for utilizing TRIZ, and developed lesson plans along with materials 13-worksheet for lower-grade students, as well as lesson plans along with materials 12-worksheet, for higher-grade students. This program was applied to 2nd grade students of Y elementary school and 6th grade students of J elementary school, and according to the DESK theory, I subdivided the creativity into fluency, flexibility, originality, and exquisiteness, and it was shown that all of fluency, flexibility, originality, and exquisiteness were developed in elementary students who participated in TRIZ program compared with non-participated students. In conclusion, it was possible to understand that TRIZ program was effective for the growth of creativity of elementary school students.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to observe the children's perception for divorce remarriage and resilience according to their gender and school grades so that the relation between children's resilience and the perception for parents' divorce and remarriage could be established theoretically, practically and educationally. The subjects were 537 elementary school students who were in 4, 5, 6 grades, The data was collected by a self-administered socio-demographics and children's perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience. The data from this research were analyzed by using SAS program. The results were as following: 1. The female students had the positive perceptions about divorce even if there was no statistical significant differences in the perception between male and female students, and the more optimistic ideas towards divorce also apply to the higher grade students rather than the lower grade ones. 2. The female students showed more positive perceptions for remarriage more than the male did. There was no statistical significant difference in the general idea about remarriage according to the school grades, but in terms of the absence of children and the financial status, the statistical significant differences existed. 3. The students' resilience was higher in the females rather than in the males and became lower with the grade. 4. There were no relations between divorce remarriage and children's resilience degrees. As mentioned above, the students' perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience expressed differently according to genders and school grades. The result of this study can be used for the counseling and developing the programs for the families which experience divorce and remarriage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study was to analyze and identify factors related to changes in visual acuity of primary school students over one year period. The data for this study were collected from 980 students in the first to fifth grades of one elementary school located in Koyang City, Kyungki Province. The visual acuity tests of students and self reported questionnaires for the students and their parents were administered in 1995 and 1996. The data were analyzed by using SAS PC. The results of the study were as follows. 1. Visual acuity in both eyes is significantly lower in girls than in boys. 2. Overall visual acuity of the students decreased over the one year. Notably, decreases in visual acuity were statistically significant during the transition from the first to the second grade and from the third to the fourth grade. 3. Students with visual acuity ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 and those above 1.0 in 1995 showed a significantly lower acuity in 1996 than other students. 4. Students who needed glasses in 1995 showed significantly lower visual acuity in 1996 than those without glasses. 5. Other factors related to visual acuity are lights in the classroom, difficulty reading a blackboard, posture of children while watching TV, and distance from the TV set. Some of these factors may be the result of students' already poor visual acuity rather than causes of the decrease. In conclusion, many elementary school children experience significant decrease in visual acuity and need special intervention to maintain or improve their visual acuity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-207
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of cognitive developmental stages on library behaviors, reading tendency and perception on the library of the elementary students. For this study, a cognitive development tests and a questionnaire survey was conducted with students in their fourth and sixth grades in three elementary schools in Seoul and statistical analysis was carried out with the survey data. As a result, sixth grade students with the higher cognitive development had more requests for library information services than fourth grade students did. However, sixth grade students use library less and preferred to focus on the books for fun and personal interests, comparing with the fourth grade students. Their high level of cognitive development did not always have a positive effect on library behaviors and reading tendency. In addition, perception on the library of sixth grade students was lower than that of fourth grade students and it was influenced by library behaviors and reading tendency. It was also influenced positively by frequent use of library, active support by librarians and reading curriculum-related books. Based on the analysis, it is suggested that school library service should be provided based on the development stage of the upper grades of elementary students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the sexuality awareness of elementary school students according to viewing internet obscenity. Methods: The subject of this study was total 594 students of 6th grade at 3 primary schools in Gyunggi-do. The data were collected through a self-reporting questionnaire from December, 11 to December, 18, 2006. Results: 1. 19.2°% of respondents viewed internet obscenity. As for the first time they viewed it, 41.2% of respondents was when they were 6th grade students. Fifty percents of respondents viewed intemet obscenity accid ntly while surfing through the internet. As for the places where they viewed internet obscenity, 59.6% of respondents was at their house. Fifty percents of respondents answered that they felt no feeling after they viewed internet obscenity. There was a significant difference in viewing intemet obscenity according to gender. 2. The mean score of sexuality awareness was 46.4. There were significant differences in sexuality awareness according to gender, school record, and understanding about prohibition of the teenagers' viewing internet obscenity. Conclusion: We should provide lower grade students health education on internet obscenity preventive program at the home and school.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.406-416
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated sexual knowledge, its related factors, and the needs of sex education among elementary, middle, and high school students in order to develop a sex education program. Method: The participants comprised 721 students in grades 5 through 12, from Seoul and the Kyeonggi-do area, in South Korea. Data was collected from the end of August through the end of September 2014, using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used for the descriptive analysis, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regressions. Results: Higher-grade students had a higher level of sexual knowledge than lower-grade students, but the overall level of sexual knowledge was low. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, grade, school record, and experiences of sex education from family and school were significant predictors of sexual knowledge among adolescents. Coping skills related to sexual crisis situations was the most wanted content of sex education. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that it is important to develop a sex education program that considers the needs of sex education among adolescents. Also, it is important to periodically perform a survey to identify the need of sex education among elementary, middle, and high school students.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.36-49
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of appearance management behaviors on career decision level among female college students. Based on previous studies on appearance management behaviors and career decision level, the items for a questionnaire were developed. For the study, we conducted a questionnaire survey among 292 students from women's university in Seoul. Factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS statistics 23. Results of this study are as follows. First, the factor structure of appearance management behavior had three factors: 'fashion & hair,' 'skin & plastic surgery,' and 'body shape.' The reliability and validity of the factor structure were proved. Second, a significant correlation was found between sub-factors in appearance management behaviors. Career decision level showed a significant correlation only with body management factor. Third, the appearance management behavior of female college students was found to have a partially significant effect on career decision level. For higher grade students, fashion & hair factor and body shape factor had positive effects on career decision level. For lower grade students, body shape factor had a positive effect on career decision level while skin & plastic surgery factor had a negative effect on career decision level. Therefore, to increase career decision level, managing appearance through keeping fit body shape is crucial. This study also suggests that as one elevates to a higher grade, the importance of management and keeping interest toward fashion is important.