• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.657-670
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• 2021

This paper presents a designing method for enhancing fire resistance of steel box bridge girders (closed steel box bridge girder supporting a thin concrete slab) through taking into account such parameters namely; fire severity, type of longitudinal stiffeners (I, L, and T shaped), and number of longitudinal stiffeners. A validated 3-D finite element model, developed through the computer program ANSYS, is utilized to go over the fire response of a typical steel box bridge girder using the transient thermo-structural analysis method. Results from the numerical analysis show that fire severity and type of longitudinal stiffeners welded on bottom flange have significant influence on fire resistance of steel box bridge girders. T shaped longitudinal stiffeners applied on bottom flange can highly prevent collapse of steel box bridge girders towards the end of fire exposure. Increase of longitudinal stiffeners on bottom flange and web can slightly enhance fire resistance of steel box bridge girders. Rate of deflection-based criterion can be reliable to evaluate fire resistance of steel box bridge girders in most fire exposure cases. Thus, T shaped longitudinal stiffeners on bottom flange incorporated into bridge fire-resistance design can significantly enhance fire resistance of steel box bridge girders.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.419-430
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• 2023

This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of multiple longitudinal stiffeners on the patch loading resistance of slender steel plate girders. Firstly, a numerical study is conducted through geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections included (GMNIA), the model is validated with experimental results taken from the literature. The structural responses of girders with multiple longitudinal stiffeners are compared to the one of girders with a single longitudinal stiffener. Thereafter, a patch loading resistance model is developed through machine learning (ML) using symbolic regression (SR). An extensive numerical dataset covering a wide range of bridge girder geometries is employed to fit the resistance model using SR. Finally, the performance of the SR prediction model is evaluated by comparison of the resistances predicted using available formulae from the literature.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.509-525
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• 2020

Steel-concrete composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting are widely used in the execution of floors in steel and composite buildings. The rapid construction process, the elimination of conventional replaceable shuttering and the reduction of temporary support are, in general, considered the main advantages of this structural system. In slabs with the spans currently used, the longitudinal shear resistance commonly provided by the embossments along the steel sheet tends to be the governing design mode. This paper presents an innovative reinforcing system that increases the longitudinal shear capacity of composite slabs. The system is constituted by a set of transversal reinforcing bars crossing longitudinal stiffeners executed along the upper flanges of the steel sheet profiles. This type of reinforcement takes advantage of the high bending resistance of the composite slabs and increases the slab's ductility. Two experimental programmes were carried out: a small-scale test programme - to study the resistance provided by the reinforcing system in detail - and a full-scale test programme to test simply supported and continuous composite slabs - to assess the efficacy of the proposed reinforcing system on the global behaviour of the slabs. Based on the results of the small-scale tests, an equation to predict the resistance provided by the proposed reinforcing system was established. The present study concludes that the resistance and the ductility of composite slabs using the reinforcing system proposed here are significantly increased.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권6호
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• pp.641-649
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• 2020

The determination of midtower longitudinal stiffness has become an essential component in the preliminary design of multi-tower suspension bridges. For a specific multi-tower suspension bridge, the midtower longitudinal stiffness must be controlled within a certain range to meet the requirements of sliding resistance coefficient and deflection-to-span ratio. This study presents a numerical method to divide different types of midtower and determine rational range of longitudinal stiffness for rigid midtower. In this method, influence curves of midtower longitudinal stiffness on sliding resistance coefficient and maximum vertical deflection-to-span ratio are first obtained from the finite element analysis. Then, different types of midtower are divided based on the regression analysis of influence curves. Finally, rational range for longitudinal stiffness of rigid midtower is derived. The Oujiang River North Estuary Bridge which is a three-tower four-span suspension bridge with two main spans of 800m under construction in China is selected as the subject of this study. This will be the first three-tower four-span suspension bridge with steel truss girders and concrete midtower in the world. The proposed method provides an effective and feasible tool for engineers to design midtower of multi-tower suspension bridges.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2013

It is evident that torsional resistance of a reinforced concrete (RC) member is attributed to both concrete and steel reinforcement. However, recent structural design codes neglect the contribution of concrete because of cracking. This paper reports on the results of an experimental and numerical investigation into the torsional capacity of concrete beams reinforced only by longitudinal rebars without transverse reinforcement. The experimental investigation involves six specimens tested under pure torsion. Each specimen was made using a cast-in-place concrete with different amounts of longitudinal reinforcements. To create the torsional moment, an eccentric load was applied at the end of the beam whereas the other end was fixed against twist, vertical, and transverse displacement. The experimental results were also compared with the results obtained from the nonlinear finite element analysis performed in ANSYS. The outcomes showed a good agreement between experimental and numerical investigation, indicating the capability of numerical analysis in predicting the torsional capacity of RC beams. Both experimental and numerical results showed a considerable torsional post-cracking resistance in high twist angle in test specimen. This post-cracking resistance is neglected in torsional design of RC members. This strength could be considered in the design of RC members subjected to torsion forces, leading to a more economical and precise design.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2016

콘크리트 교량 상에 고속철도의 자갈 궤도가 시공될 경우 장대 레일의 종방향 변위가 고정된 반면 교량 바닥판 슬래브의 종방향 변위가 고정되지 않고, 온도 하중과 외부 하중에 의해 교량과 레일의 상대 변위가 발생한다. 현재 장대 레일 자갈 궤도에 대한 종방향 저항력(KR C-08080, UIC code 774-3)은 교량의 종방향 변위와 자갈 궤도와 콘크리트 슬래브 사이의 마찰력을 고려하고 있지 않다. 또한 종방향 저항력 값은 다소 보수적이어서 철도교의 장경간 및 연속화에 불리한 요소로 작용하고 있다. 따라서 실제의 거동을 보다 효과적으로 반영하기 위해 장대 레일의 종저항력은 콘크리트 슬래브와 궤도 사이의 추가적인 강성을 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 바닥판과 도상 궤도를 모사한 실대형 실험체(mock-up test specimen)를 제작하여, 교량 상에 설치된 도상 궤도의 종저항력을 측정하였고, 또한 차륜 하중의 재하 유무에 대해서도 그 거동을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 최대 종저항력은 현재의 코드와 유사한 경향을 보였으나, 한계 변위까지의 강성은 현재의 코드보다 실험 결과가 작게 측정되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2019

This paper presents results from experimental and numerical studies on the response of steel-concrete composite box bridge girders under certain localized fire exposure conditions. Two composite box bridge girders, a simply supported girder and a continuous girder respectively, were tested under simultaneous loading and fire exposure. The simply supported girder was exposed to fire over 40% of its span length in the middle zone, and the two-span continuous girder was exposed to fire over 38% of its length of the first span and full length of the second span. A measurement method based on comparative rate of deflection was provided to predict the failure time in the hogging moment zone of continuous composite box bridge girders under certain localized fire exposure condition. Parameters including transverse and longitudinal stiffeners and fire scenarios were introduced to investigate fire resistance of the composite box bridge girders. Test results show that failure of the simply supported girder is governed by the deflection limit state, whereas failure of the continuous girder occurs through bending buckling of the web and bottom slab in the hogging moment zone. Deflection based criterion may not be reliable in evaluating failure of continuous composite box bridge girder under certain fire exposure condition. The fire resistance (failure time) of the continuous girder is higher than that of the simply supported girder. Data from fire tests is successfully utilized to validate a finite element based numerical model for further investigating the response of composite box bridge girders exposed to localized fire. Results from numerical analysis show that fire resistance of composite box bridge girders can be highly influenced by the spacing of longitudinal stiffeners and fire severity. The continuous composite box bridge girder with closer longitudinal stiffeners has better fire resistance than the simply composite box bridge girder. It is concluded that the fire resistance of continuous composite box bridge girders can be significantly enhanced by preventing the hogging moment zone from exposure to fire. Longitudinal stiffeners with closer spacing can enhance fire resistance of composite box bridge girders. The increase of transverse stiffeners has no significant effect on fire resistance of composite box bridge girders.

• 한국도시철도학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.327-337
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• 2018

무도상 판형교는 교량 바닥판과 도상 없이 주거더에 궤도가 직접 연결되어 있는 구조로 열차 통과로 인하여 발생한 충격이 교량 주부재에 직접 전달되어 높은 수준의 소음 진동 뿐 아니라 교량의 잦은 손상을 유발하는 특성이 있다. 레일 장대화는 무도상 판형교의 이러한 구조적인 문제를 경감할 수 있으며, 이를 위해서는 차량-궤도 또는 궤도-교량 상호작용에 영향을 미치는 인자의 특성에 대한 명확한 이해가 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 레일체결장치, 침목고정장치 및 궤광을 포함한 실제 무도상 판형교에 설치되어 있는 궤도의 종방향 저항력 특성을 실험을 통하여 검토하였다. 실험은 유도상화 시공을 위하여 철거된 실제 교량을 실험실로 이송하여 수행하였다. 실험 결과 목침목용 레일체결장치의 종방향저항력은 KRS TR 0014-15의 성능합격기준을 만족하며, 교량침목고정장치의 종방향 저항력은 구형과 신형 모두 기존 연구보다 높은 값으로 나타났다. 또한 하중 비재하 시 무도상 궤도의 종방향 저항력은 자갈궤도와 콘크리트궤도 사이의 값으로 나타났다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

Where the track is continuously welded over the bridge, the longitudinal forces will be distributed interactively between the track and the sub-structure by the rail-bridge interaction mechanism. The ratio between the longitudinal forces transmitted in each elements depends on the magnitude of the ballast resistance and the stiffness of the sub-structures. In this paper, the main factors affect on the longitudinal rail force are discussed and the parametric study for the behavior of CWR(Continuous Welded Rail) track was executed. It is concluded that the horizontal ballast resistance and the stiffness of the bridge sub-structure are the significant parameters affecting the stability of the continuous welded rail track.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.744-754
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• 2016

아스팔트콘크리트 궤도는 아스팔트콘크리트 도상 위에 광폭침목 및 콘크리트 패널이 직결되는 궤도 형식으로서 각종 종 횡방향 외력에 대한 저항력이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 광폭침목형 및 콘크리트 패널형 아스팔트콘크리트 궤도에 대해 종 횡방향 저항력 실험을 수행하고 궤도변위 저항 장치에 요구되는 필요 전단 저항력을 산정하였다. 또한 궤도변위 저항 장치로서 콘크리트 블록형 앵커 및 강관형 앵커를 개발하고 각각의 앵커 실험체에 대한 수평전단 실험을 수행하여 앵커 종류별 전단 저항력을 도출하였다. 그리고 아스팔트콘크리트 궤도에 궤도변위 저항 장치 적용 시, 전단 저항 성능 및 경제성 등을 고려하여 궤도변위 저항 장치 적정 개수 및 배치 설계(안)을 제시하였다.