• 아동학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2016

Objective: This two-wave study examined stability in kindergarteners' friendship patterns over 5 months. Methods: Participants were 501 five-year-old children (262 girls and 239 boys) attending kindergartens in Seoul, Incheon, and Kyounggi provinces in Korea. Each child nominated three individuals as his/her friends in July, and again in December of 2013. Depending on the presence/absence of friendships and the mutuality of identifying friends, the children's friendship patterns were categorized into five groups: stable, fluid, loss, gain, and friendless. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and chi-square tests. Results: Results revealed stability, as well as changes in friendship patterns, among kindergarteners over the 5-month period. The stable friendships, those that maintained the same friend(s) in both waves, was 43.7%, the fluid friendships, those that changed friends over the 5 month period was 18%, the gain friendships, those who had newly developed friends in wave 2 was 17%, and the loss friendships, those who had friends at wave 1 but lost friends at wave 2, was 9.8%. The friendless, those that had no friends in both waves, was 11.5%. Conclusion: Results showed that kindergarteners were capable of maintaining and making new friends over a 5-month period.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.567-587
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• 2016

The present investigation is to study the plane wave propagation and reflection of plane waves in a homogeneous transversely isotropic magnetothermoelastic medium with two temperature and rotation in the context of GN Type-II and Type-III (1993) theory of thermoelasticity. It is found that, for two dimensional assumed model, there exist three types of coupled longitudinal waves, namely quasi-longitudinal wave (QL), quasi-transverse wave (QTS) and quasi-thermal waves (QT). The different characteristics of waves like phase velocity, attenuation coefficients, specific loss and penetration depth are computed numerically and depicted graphically. The phenomenon of reflection coefficients due to quasi-waves at a plane stress free with thermally insulated boundary is investigated. The ratios of the linear algebraic equations. These amplitude ratios are used further to calculate the shares of different scattered waves in the energy of incident wave. The modulus of the amplitude and energy ratios with the angle of incidence are computed for a particular numerical model. The conservation of energy at the free surface is verified. The effect of energy dissipation and two temperatures on the energy ratios are depicted graphically and discussed. Some special cases of interest are also discussed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2022

The existing researches on the dynamics of the fluid-conveying pipes only focus on stability and vibration problems, and there is no literature report on the wave propagation of the fluid-conveying pipes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the propagation characteristics of longitudinal and flexural waves in the fluid-conveying pipes. First, it is assumed that the material properties of the fluid-conveying pipes vary based on a power function of the thickness. In addition, it is assumed that the material properties of both the fluid and the pipes are closely depended on temperature. Using the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation and based on the linear theory, the motion equations considering the thermal-mechanical-fluid coupling is derived. Then, the exact expressions of phase velocity and group velocity of longitudinal waves and bending waves in the fluid-conveying pipes are obtained by using the eigenvalue method. In addition, we also studied the free vibration frequency characteristics of the fluid-conveying pipes. In the numerical analysis, we successively studied the influence of temperature, functional gradient index and liquid velocity on the wave propagation and vibration problems. It is found that the temperature and functional gradient exponent decrease the phase and group velocities, on the contrary, the liquid flow velocity increases the phase and group velocities. However, for vibration problems, temperature, functional gradient exponent parameter, and fluid velocity all reduce the natural frequency.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.512-519
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• 2013

보강재를 가진 평판 구조로 이루어진 많은 구조물의 진동 현상을 해석하기 위해서는 평판 요소에 대한 진동 특성을 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 폭이 유한하고 길이가 무한한 띠 평판의 진동 특성을 이론 해석과 수치 해석을 통해 알아보고자 한다. 수치 해석 기법으로는 단면의 형상이 길이 방향으로 일정한 도파관 구조물의 진동 해석에 효과적인 도파관유한요소법(waveguide finite element method)을 사용한다. 도파관유한요소법은 구조물의 2차원 단면만을 유한요소 모델링하고, 길이 방향으로는 파동이 조화 진동하면서 전파한다고 가정한다. 이 논문에서는 먼저 띠 평판의 분산 선도와 가진점 모빌리티에 대한 수치 해석 결과를 이론 해석 결과와 비교하여 수치 해법의 타당성을 검증한다. 그리고 수치 해석을 이용해 보강재가 부착된 평판에 대한 분산 선도와 가진점 모빌리티를 구하고, 보강재가 띠 평판의 파동 전파 및 진동에 미치는 영향을 검토한다. 마지막으로 보강재가 부착된 이중 평판(double plate)에 대해 분산 선도를 구하고, 이로부터 파동 전파 특성을 살펴본다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권5A호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2012

본 연구는 부착식 PSC 텐던의 응력파 속도를 계측하여 텐던에 도입된 긴장응력을 추정 할 수 있는 실험식을 제안한다. 실용적 실험식의 도출을 위하여 도입 긴장력이 다른 다수의 PSC시험체가 제작되었으며, 다양한 조건에서 종진동 실험이 반복 수행되었다. 도입 응력과 응력파 속도 사이의 관계에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 온도, 길이 및 텐던의 개수 등이 영향인자로 고려되었으며, 상사의 법칙을 적용하여 무차원 실험식이 도출 되었다. 제안 기법의 현장 적용성 검증은 실제 발전소 격납건물에 설치된 수직텐던에 대하여 수행되었다. 제안식을 이용하여 추정된 긴장응력은 텐던의 설계응력과 유사하다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제20권4E호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2001

This paper examines the dispersion relation governing the wave propagation on cylindrical shells. The assumption of thin shells allows the dispersion relation to be separated into three relations related to the propagation of flexural waves and two types of membrane waves. Those relations are used to identify the characteristics of the wave number curves. The dispersion relation provides two and three closed wave number curves below and above the ring frequency. Above the ring frequency three wave number curves are clearly identified to be those of flexural, shear and longitudinal waves, respectively. Below the ring frequency, the characteristics of two wave number curves are identified with dependence of the direction of wave propagation.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.232-239
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• 2006

Guided wave techniques have been used for pipeline inspection because of the long range inspection capability of guided waves. One of main concerns of these technique is how ones decide the axial interval of sensors when they are utilized for pipeline inspection. This question is related to the characteristic of cylindrical guided wave propagation, especially wave attenuation. Thus, attenuation of fundamental longitudinal guided wave propagating liquid-filled steel pipes is numerically investigated in the paper. Several liquids such as water, diesel oil, castor oil etc. are considered for the filing materials in the pipes. Sink is considered for numerical models for abandoning standing wave modes; hence, the attenuation dispersion curves become much simpler. Those attenuation calculations can be utilized for guided-wave-based nondestructive testing of pipelines when one inspects pipelines, using monitoring sensors, which are installed outside pipes.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2019

For the first time, longitudinal and transverse wave propagation of triclinic nanobeam is investigated via a size-dependent shear deformation theory including stretching effect. Furthermore, the influence of initial stress is studied. To consider the size-dependent effects, the nonlocal strain gradient theory is used in which two small scale parameters predict the behavior of wave propagation more accurately. The Hamiltonian principle is adopted to obtain the governing equations of wave motion, then an analytic technique is applied to solve the problem. It is demonstrated that the wave characteristics of the nanobeam rely on the wave number, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, initial stress, and elastic foundation. From this paper, it is concluded that the results of wave dispersion in isotropic and anisotropic nanobeams are almost the same in the presented case study. So, in this case, triclinic nanobeam can be approximated with isotropic model.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 나노스케일 금속박막 내에서 체적종파가 전파하는 특성을 연구하였다. 실리콘(100) 기판 위에 150 nm 두께의 크로뮴 혹은 알루미늄 박막을 적층하여 시편을 제작하였으며, 펨토초 레이저 시스템으로 구성된 시간영역 열반사율 기법(time-domain theromoreflectance technique)을 이용하여 박막 표면으로부터 여기된 탄성파가 박막과 기판의 계면에서 반향될 때 발생하는 신호를 검출하였다. 체적종파의 거동을 모사하는 열탄성 방정식을 수치해석적으로 풀어 측정값과 곡선맞춤함으로써 박막의 체적종파 속도와 탄성계수를 평가할 수 있었으며, 결과를 문헌값과 비교하여 그 타당성을 검증하였다. 본 연구로부터 확립된 레이저 계측법은 나노재료의 특성평가에 적합함을 보여주며, 이는 기존의 접촉식 파괴식 검사법의 한계를 뛰어넘을 대안을 제시한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2006

One of the fascinating prospects is the possibility of new hydrodynamics technology on micro-scale system since oscillations of micro-droplets are of practical and scientific importance. It has been widely conceived that the lowest oscillation mode of a pendant droplet is the longitudinal vibration, i.e. periodic elongation and contraction along the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear and forced oscillations of supported viscous droplet were focused in the present study. The droplet has a free contact line with solid plate and inviscid fluid. Natural frequencies of a pendant droplet have been investigated experimentally by imposing the acoustic wave while the frequency is being increased at a fixed amplitude. It is found that a pendant droplet shows the resonant behaviors at each mode similar to the theoretical analysis. The rotation of the droplet about the longitudinal axis is the oscillation mode of the lowest resonance frequency. This rotational mode can be invoked by periodic acoustic forcing and is analogous to the pendulum rotation. It is also found that the natural frequency of a pendant droplet is independent of the drop density and surface tension but inversely proportional to the square root of the droplet size.