• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1237-1242
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• 2010

1993년에 한국에서 재출현한 삼일열 말라리아는 현재 매년 2000여명의 환자를 발생시키고 있는 전염병이다. 질병관리본부의 2006-2008년 환자 자료를 이용하여 장 단기 잠복기의 평균과 분산을 구하고, 각각을 감마분포 모델과 정규분포 모델과 비교 하였다. 말라리아 비위험지역 거주자 중 국내 말라리아 위험지역으로 30일 이내의 여행을 통해 감염된 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 해외여행을 다녀왔거나 예방약을 복용한 사람은 제외하였다. 여행 기간의 중간 날짜를 모기에 물린 날로 가정하고, 발병일과의 차이를 계산하여 이를 잠복기로 추정하였다. 그 결과 단기잠복기와 장기잠복기의 두 가지 패턴이 나타났으며, 각각의 평균은 25.42일, 328.6일이었다. 장기잠복기를 대수정규분포 모델로 표현한 결과 추정된 평균은 5.78509, 표준편차는 0.140988 이었다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to make a mid- and long-term development plan on the business incubator center after interviewing five startups that currently being occupied in or already left the center and reviewing benchmark on business incubator centers in developed countries such as USA, Sweden, and Israel. For the interview, the three startups currently being occupied in the center and the two companies already left the center were participated. The main strengths of the center from all of these five companies were easy accessibility to the equipment and space and at the same time trustworthy from the outside vendors and/or government, etc. USA is a leading country who has long history for the startups but mostly the private companies/organizations/individuals have supported the startups in terms of funding or consulting. Also, there are countless local governments nationwide who provide funding, education, and/or space for the small businesses. Mainly based on the interview and the benchmarking, the mid- and long-term development plan for the business incubator center was made. All six themes such as consortium for investment or a local network plan were derived for the development plan which was described in this study.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2017

현재 국내 하수처리장 방류수 질소 수질 기준 개정의 필요성에 대한 의견들이 지속적으로 제안되고 있다. 하지만, 명확한 근거 없이 기준이 강화될 경우 국내 하수처리장에 혼란을 야기할 것이 자명하다. 본 연구에서는 장기 배양법을 기반으로 용량 및 산업단지 연계 처리에 따른 국내 하수의 질소 성상을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 하수처리장에서 처리되기 어려운 질소 성분인 NBDDON는 1.0 ~ 1.9 mg/L 범위를 보였으며, 하수처리장 용량이 적을수록 DON 농도 & NBDDON/DON가 증가하였다. 또한 도시하수를 처리하는 하수처리장보다 산업단지 하수처리장의 NBDDON/DON 비가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향 후 국내 하수처리장 방류수 수질 기준 개선을 위한 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 것이라 전망한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.204-210
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 GTH I과 II의 분비조절기구을 밝히기 위하여 T을 경구투여한 미성숙 무지개 송어의 뇌하수체 세포배양계를 이용하여, activin에 의한 GTH I과 II의 분비량을 RIA로 조사하였다. 그 결과, T의 positive feedback에 의해 뇌하수체내 GTH II 함량이 증가하였으나, 뇌하수체내 GTH I 함량는 T에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 이러한 뇌하수체를 이용한 세포배양 실험에서, 장시간 (3 일간)의 activin 처리에 의해 GTH II 분비량은 증가하였지만, 단시간 (24시간)의 activin 처리에 의해 GTH II 분비량은 영향을 받지 않았다. 또한 activin의 자극에 의해서 분비된 GTH II 분비량은 DA에 의해 부분적으로 억제되었지만, sG-nRH의 자극에 의해서 분비된 GTH II는 DA에 의해 완전히 억제되었다. activin의 자극에 의해서 분비된 GTH II는 부분적으로 억제되었다. 그러나 activin으로 전처리에 의해 방출된 GTH II 분비량은 sGnRH 자극에 의한 증폭현상은 나타나지 않았다. 한편 GTH I 분비는 본 실험에서 사용된 호르몬에 의해서 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해보면, GTH I과 II는 서로 다른 합성기구에 의해 조절되며, T에 의해 GnRH, activin 그리고 DA 수용체의 감수성이 발현되어 GTH II 분비를 조절하였다. 그러나 GTH I의 분비조절 기구는 차후 계속해서 연구되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.487-500
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• 2014

A new method to calculate the transmittable prevalence of an epidemic disease is proposed based on a back-calculation formula. We calculated the probabilities of reactivation and of parasitemia as well as transmittable prevalence (the number of persons with parasitemia in the incubation period) of malaria in South Korea using incidence of 12 years(2001-2012). For this computation, a new probability function of transmittable condition is obtained. The probability of reactivation is estimated by the least squares method for the back-calculated longterm incubation period. The probability of parasitemia is calculated by a convolution of the survival function of the short-term incubation function and the probability of reactivation. Transmittable prevalence is computed by a convolution of the infected numbers and the probabilities of transmission. Confidence intervals are calculated using the parametric bootstrap method. The method proposed is applicable to other epidemic diseases in other countries where incidence and a long incubation period are available. We found the estimated transmittable prevalence in South Korea was concentrated in the summer with 276 cases on a peak at the $31^{st}$ week and with about a 60% reduction in the peak from the naive prevalence. The statistics of transmittable prevalence can be used for malaria prevention programs and to select blood transfusion donors.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2003

The locomotor responses of human peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes were measured by the change from spherical to polarized shapes in the presence of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) of enteric pathogens: S. dysenteriae type 1, V. cholerae Inaba 569B, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae. We reported earlier that these endotoxins are chemotactic factors for the neutrophils since they stimulated cell polarization within a few minutes of incubation. Endotoxins had an inhibitory effect upon neutrophil phagocytosis of opsonized yeast and the cells engulfed fewer yeasts. Interestingly, endotoxins increased neutrophil adhesion to clean glass surfaces, but stimulated the cells to exhibit increased random locomotion (chemokinesis) through cellulose nitrate filters and show an enhanced ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye. Unlike neutrophils, lymphocytes direct from blood do not show polarized morphology towards chemotactic factors but the cells acquire locomotor capacity during 24-72 h culture with mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), phorbol myristate acetate or concanavalin A. Stimulation of blood lymphocytes with endotoxins did not induce cell polarization in short-term but long-term culture resulted in an increase in the proportion of polarized cells that acquired locomotor morphologies. The majority of these cells were identified as esterase negative B-lymphocytes that migrated through filters. Despite the optimum time of incubation for each of these cell types being different, we found that lymphocytes respond to much lower concentrations of endotoxins than the neutrophils. These findings suggest that endotoxins of enteric pathogens modulate the functions of human blood neutrophils and lymphocytes.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Phosphorous remains as one of the most limiting nutrients to plant growth, second only to nitrogen. Research on use of biochar as a soil amendment for available phosphorus in temperate calcareous soils has limited studies compared with to tropical acidic soils. An incubation experiment to assess phosphorous availability in a biochar amended calcareous soil under inorganic (Fused superphosphate, FSP) and organic fertilizer (bone meal, BM) and respectively, at the dose of 40, 80 and $120mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ was carried out. Soil was incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 70 days. Results show that the rate of increase in available P was proportional to the fertilizer application rate with or without biochar amendment. Biochar did not have a significant effect on soils amended with either fertilizeron the values of available P. However, time had a significant effect (p<0.001) on the amount of available P during the incubation period. Inorganic fertilizer treatments had recorded high amount of available P with time compared to organic fertilizer treatments. Organic fertilizer treatment sample were significantly not different from control and for most of the incubation time biochar acted as a soil conditioner. Further research is required to understand the holistic and long-term effect of biochar.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2013

The purpose of this work was to investigate the several functional characteristics of Lactobacillus sakei JK-17 isolated from long-term fermented kimchi, Muk Eun Ji. Initially, phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify the isolate JK-17, and the strain could be assigned to Lactobacillus sakei and designated as L. sakei JK-17. The strain was registered in GenBank as [JX841311]. The changes of bacterial growth and residual organic acids were monitored and HPLC was used to measure quantitatively two organic acids, lactic acid and acetic acid, produced in the culture during 84 hours of incubation. During the incubation period, several functional characteristics of L. sakei JK-17 were examined. L. sakei JK-17 culture depleted nitrite concentration 94.75%. Antioxidant activity of cultural supernatants of L. sakei JK-17 was approx. 53.8%, and ${\beta}$-galactosidase activities were 0.243 units/mL at pH 7.0 and 0.387 units/mL at pH 4.1, respectively. The antibacterial activities against food-poisoning causing bacteria were examined with 20-fold concentrated culture supernatants from L. sakei JK-17 and the antibacterial effects were clearly observed against all bacteria tested in this work.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.373-380
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• 1997

순환 여과 시스템에서 나일틸라피아의 종묘생산성을 향상시키기 위한 연구의 일환으로 암컷 친어의 크기, 친어 방양 관리 방법에 따른 생산성과 생산된 난의 인공부화 성공률을 조사하였다. 암컷 친어의 크기가 작고 (평균 어체중 : 340.0g) 방양 밀도가 낮을 때(1.2 kg m 상(-2))의 종묘 생산량이 크기가 크고 (평균 어체중: 611.5g) 방양 밀도가 높을 때 (2.1kg m 상(-2) 보다 유의하게 많은 것으로 조사되었다(P<0.05). 대량 종묘 생산에 있어서 구중 부화 중인 난과 난황 자어의 제거후 인공 부화를 통한 인공부화법 (clutch removal method)은 유영 자어의 수집에 의한 자연부화법 (natural mouthbrooding method)에 비해 총생산량, 단위 면적당 생산량, 암컷 마리당 생산량 및 암컷 단위 어체중당 생산량에서 유의하게 높은 것으로 조사되었다(P<0.05). 암컷 친어의 구강으로부터 제거한 알의 발생 단계별 인공 부화 실시 결과 55.7%-91.6%의 부화율을 보였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2021

Since 1993, vivax malaria has been recognized as a public health burden in Korea. Despite of pan-governmental malaria-control efforts and the dramatic reduction in the burden of this disease over the last 10 years, vivax malaria has not been well controlled and has remained continuously endemic. We focused interviewed and examined the charts of 28 confirmed vivax malaria patients given malarial therapy for whom daily records were kept from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do of Korea. Various epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria, including the incubation period, medication used, and recurrence, and an evaluation of the parasitic characteristics from the focused interviews of patients from this region are described here. Most of the participants indicated the 3 most common symptoms of malaria (headache, chills and fever). Of the 28 cases, 2 experienced a second attack and there were 17 and 11 cases with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively, yielding a short-term to long-term ratio of 1.5. Based on the parasitemia stages, most of the participants were tested at 5 to 7 days (11 cases) and 7 to 15 days (11 cases) after initial wave of asexual parasites. In conclusion, public health authorities should consider developing management measures to decrease the time lag for diagnosis and drafting unified and robust guidelines for drug use for malaria and drawing up unified and robust guidelines on the use of medication for malaria. It also suggests that routine monitoring, surveillance, and precise medical surveys in high-risk vivax malaria endemic areas are pivotal to controlling this persistent public disease and finally eliminating it from Korea.