• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1237-1244
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• 2022

Horse breeders suffer massive economic losses due to dystocia, abortion, and stillbirths. In Thoroughbred mares, breeders often miss the foaling process because approximately 86% of the foaling events occur from 19:00 to 7:00; consequently, breeders cannot assist mares experiencing dystocia. To solve this problem, various foaling alarm systems have been developed. However, there is a need to develop a new system to overcome the shortcomings of the existing devices and improve their accuracy. To this end, the present study aimed to (1) develop a novel foaling alarm system and (2) compare its accuracy with that of the existing Foalert^TM system. Specifically, eighteen Thoroughbred mares (11.9 ± 4.0 years old) were included. An accelerometer was used to analyze specific foaling behaviors. Behavioral data were transmitted to a data server every second. Depending on the acceleration value, behaviors were automatically classified by the server as categorized behaviors 1 (behaviors without change in body rotation), 2 (behaviors with sudden change in body rotation, such as rolling over), and 3 (behaviors with long-term change in body rotation, such as lying down laterally). The system was designed to alarm when the duration of categorized behaviors 2 and 3 was 12.9% and that of categorized behavior 3 was 1% during 10 min. The system measured the duration of each categorized behavior every 10 min and transmitted an alarm to the breeders when foaling was detected. To confirm its accuracy, the foaling detection time of the novel system was compared with that of Foalert^TM. The novel foaling alarm system and Foalert^TM alarmed foaling onset respectively 32.6 ± 17.9 and 8.6 ± 1.0 min prior to foal discharge, and the foaling detection rate of both systems was 94.4%. Therefore, the novel foaling alarm system equipped with an accelerometer can precisely detect and alert foaling onset.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aims to secure basic data required to enhance the organizational efficiency as increasing the organizational citizenship behavior of nurses through identifying the influence of leader-member exchange and organizational commitment en organizational citizenship behaviors in nursing organization. Method: The subjects of this study were 352 nurses. Data was collected using structured questionnaires for 15 days from 10 to 24 April 2003. Result: According to the analysis on the influence of leader-member exchange, organizational commitment and general characteristics on organizational citizenship behaviors, the organizational commitment, leader-member exchange and tenure of office had significant influences, as 23.0%, 30.2% and 31.3%, respectively. Conclusion: It is required to increase the organizational commitment and to enhance leader-member exchanges for the purpose of inducing the organizational citizenship behaviors. Furthermore, it is also necessary to develop the strategies through development of medical environment and clinical carrier experiences for self-development of member based en long-term tenure of nursing organization

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to assess the effects of a self-help intervention on clinical, lifestyle and psycho-social outcomes in patients with Type II diabetes. Methods: Eligible adults with Type II diabetes were randomly assigned to either the intervention group receiving the diabetes self-help or the control group receiving usual care. Of the 36 patients who completed the study, 15 were in the intervention group and 21 were in the control group. The self-help group consisted of six weekly sessions covering aspects of diabetes self-care and using continuing education, discussion, and structured social activities. Outcomes included changes in glycemic control, knowledge, self-management behaviors, diabetes-related self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life. Analysis of covariance was used to compare outcomes between the groups, adjusting for baseline measures. Results: After the six week intervention, significant improvements from the baseline were observed in the measurements of self-management behaviors, diabetes-related self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life for the intervention group. Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary evidence that a diabetes self-help group intervention can benefit diabetes patients in self-management behaviors, diabetes-related self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life. However, larger longitudinal studies are needed to determine the most efficacious self-management methods to sustain long-term glycemic control and psychological well-being.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2014

Studies have demonstrated that electromagnetic waves, as the one of the most important physical factors, may alter cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors, depending on the frequency and energy. Moreover, non-ionizing radiation of low energy waves e.g. very low frequency waves could alter this phenomenon via alterations in neurotransmitters and neurohormones. In this study, short, medium, and long-term exposure to the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) (1 and 5 Hz radiation) on behavioral, hormonal, and metabolic changes in male Wistar rats (250 g) were studied. In addition, changes in plasma concentrations for two main stress hormones, noradrenaline and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were evaluated. ELF-EMF exposure did not alter body weight, and food and water intake. Plasma glucose level was increased and decreased in the groups which exposed to the 5 and 1Hz wave, respectively. Plasma ACTH concentration increased in both using frequencies, whereas noradrenaline concentration showed overall reduction. At last, numbers of rearing, sniffing, locomotor activity was increased in group receiving 5 Hz wave over the time. In conclusions, these data showed that the effects of 1 and 5 Hz on the hormonal, metabolic and stress-like behaviors may be different. Moreover, the influence of waves on stress system is depending on time of exposure.

• 노인간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2018

Purpose: Korea is one of the most rapidly aging countries, accompanied by an increasing number of older adults with dementia. Certified-care-assistants are the primary care workers for these older adults. This cross-sectional descriptive study compared the factors influencing care behaviors among Korean and non-Korean certified-care-assistants in Korea. Methods: Participants, 113 Korean certified-care-assistants and 71 non-Korean certified-care-assistants, completed a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to assess dementia knowledge, attitude and care behaviors toward older adults with dementia. To determine the differences in these two groups, t-test was used. A stepwise multiple regression was performed to identify factors related to care behavior. Results: Significant differences in dementia knowledge, attitude and care behavior toward older adults with dementia emerged between Korean and non-Korean certified-care-assistants. Factors influencing care behavior varied by group. Dementia knowledge and education level were the significant factors of care behaviors in Korean certified-care-assistants, whereas attitude toward older adults with dementia was the significant factor in non-Korean certified-care-assistants. Conclusion: Findings indicate that different factors influence the care behavior of two groups. These findings can be utilized to develop certified-care-assistants' training curriculum that needs to be tailored by nationality to improve the quality of care for older adults with dementia.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2015

This paper considers the problem of estimation of the Hurst parameter H ${\in}$ (1/2, 1) from longitudinal data with the error term of a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H that gives the amount of the long memory of its increment. We provide a new estimator of Hurst parameter H using a two scale sampling method based on $A{\ddot{i}}t$-Sahalia and Jacod (2009). Asymptotic behaviors (consistent and central limit theorem) of the proposed estimator will be investigated. For the proof of a central limit theorem, we use recent results on necessary and sufficient conditions for multi-dimensional vectors of multiple stochastic integrals to converges in distribution to multivariate normal distribution studied by Nourdin et al. (2010), Nualart and Ortiz-Latorre (2008), and Peccati and Tudor (2005).

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.61-86
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• 2006

Based on a previous literature about hospital capital structure(Shyam- Sunder & Myers, 1999), this study attempted comparison and analysis on whether the forecast of trade-off and pecking order theory could be validated in hospital's capital structure. First, this study analyzed whether hospitals follow the priority for each capital source as suggested by pecking order theory under lack of capital running in hospital. Next, it analyzed whether debt level is regressed on the average to target debt level so as to verify the validity of trade-off theory. Finally, it also analyzed possible associations between debt level and determinants of capital structure as adopted in static trade-off theory, so as to verify relative advantages of these two theories about hospital capital structure. The analysis over whole period showed that both trade-off theory and pecking order theory isn't supported particularly. This mean that each hospital's financing behaviors is different and that has not dominant financing behaviors. In the midst of separation of dispensary from medical practice, medical institutions in Korea first finances funds required using retained earnings and then use liabilities. however pecking order theory is supported, the preference of long-term liabilities and short-term liabilities is not clear. In addition, considering that debt level is in no average regression to target debt ratio, it is found that hospital capital structure following trade-off theory turns into that subject to pecking order theory via the separation of dispensary from medical practice.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive health promotion program for North Korean young adult defectors in South Korea. Methods: The comprehensive health promotion program consisted of nutrition, mental healthcare, physical activity and sexual behavior was developed on the basis of need assessment results. For the evaluation of the program, 70 North Korean young adults who were attending two alternative schools for North Korean defectors were recruited. The program had taken place once a week for 13 or 19 weeks. Effectiveness of the health promotion program was evaluated using anthropometric measurement, 3-day food records and a questionnaires that comprised the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Short Form with 36 questions (SF-36) and health behaviors. The surveys were proceeded at the beginning and after the program. Results: After health promotion program, participants' height was significantly increased (p=0.004) and body fat mass (0=0.004) and percentage of body fat mass (p=0.003) were significantly decreased. The number of subjects who ate breakfast alone was decreased whereas the number of subjects who ate breakfast with friends was increased (p<0.001). There were no significant changes in dietary intakes, mental health status and quality of life. North Korean young adult defectors' willingness to participate and interests in the health promotion program were high, however the practice rate was low. Conclusion: The health promotion program could induce interests and willingness to participate, but bring about limited effects on the health behaviors. These results imply that a health promotion program for North Korean young adult defectors should have a long-term strategy as well as short-term plan. Furthermore, it should be based on their health problems, health related behaviors, academic performance and daily life matters.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2013

철근콘크리트(reinforced concrete) 구조부재에서 철근의 부식으로 인한 문제점을 개선하고자 섬유보강 복합재료(FRP) 보강근(rebar)을 사용하는 것에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 진행되어져 오고 있다. 하지만 이러한 FRP 보강근을 사용한 콘크리트 부재의 환경에 대한 장기거동에 대한 연구가 아직도 미흡한 수준이다. 이 연구는 GFRP(glass fiber reinforced polymer) 보강근을 사용한 콘크리트 부재를 온도 약 $46^{\circ}C$와 습도가 80%인 인위적인 실험실에서 최대 300일까지 노출시킨 후의 장기 거동에 대한 실험적 연구를 제시하였다. 비교를 위하여 두가지 서로 다른 GFRP 보강근과 철근을 보강한 콘크리트 보 시험체를 제작하였다. 실험 결과, 장기 노출환경에서도 GFRP 보강근을 보강한 콘크리트 보 시험체의 파괴형태는 철근 보강 콘크리트 보시험체와 매우 유사한 파괴형태를 나타내었으며, 노출 시간에 따른 하중저항 감소값은 철근이 보강된 경우가 GFRP 보강근이 보강된 경우보다 하중저항 감소값이 크게 일어났다. 또한 GFRP 보강근 보강 콘크리트 보 시험체를 설계할 시에는 철근 보강보다 취성파괴에 대한 충분한 대비가 요구됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 압축파괴에 대한 변형도 계수(deformability factor)는 모든 경우에서 노출시간에 관계없이 큰 변화가 없음을 알 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권sup1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

보호자와 의사관계에서 가장 중요한 것은 신뢰이며, 특히 소아청소년과 좋은 관계를 유지하며 원칙적이면서도 구체적인 방법을 같이 의논하여 결정한다. 보호자가 이미 알고 있는 단편적인 의학지식을 잘 엮어서 통합하여 주고, 신체활동과 함께 상담하여야 한다. 1. 에너지 소비와 섭취의 균형을 유지해야하는 원칙을 강조한다. 맛있는 음식이 있을 때 과식하는 것은 사실 당연하다. 많이 먹었을 때 많이 움직여야 한다는 것을 강조한다. TV시청시간과 컴퓨터사용시간을 2시간 이하로 제한하고, 신체활동은 1시간 이상 될 때까지 증가한다. 2. 치료의 목적은 건강한 식습관으로 개선하여 평생 건강하게 지내는 것이 목적이다. 단순히 절식하는 것이 아니며 평생 건강할 수 있도록 좋은 습관으로 개선하는 것이다. 3. 건강하게 음식을 선택하는 방법을 교육한다. 소아청소년 비만은 성인비만으로 연결되며, 결국에는 대사증후군으로 당뇨나 고혈압 등 합병증이 오게 되므로, 음식을 어떻게 선택하는 것이 건강한지 설명한다. 4. 야채와 과일 섭취를 권장한다. 5. 음료수도 음식과 같이 생각하여 달콤한 음료수를 먹지 않는다. 6. 칼슘섭취를 위하여 저지방이나 무지방우유를 권한다. 7. 가족과 함께 식습관을 개선하다. 아침 먹기, 밤늦게 먹지 않기, 모든 음식 천천히 먹기, 씹지 않고 물과 함께 삼키지 않는지 확인하고 개선한다. 가족과 함께 식사하는 횟수를 늘린다. 부모는 자녀의 모범이 되어야 한다.