• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.125-136
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide the bakery franchise chains with practical suggestions through the analysis of the product quality that leads to customer trust and long-term reliance. For this study, I collected corresponding materials and made an inquiry survey with special emphasis on the covariance analysis to produce trustworthy results along with the analysis of factors. For the empirical analysis, among 350 copies of questionnaire distributed in the Seoul metropolitan area, 322 copies with 96% of usable response rate were used for the analyses using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Then, the covariance analysis was carried out for the verification of the hypotheses of the study. A summary of the results are as follows. First, texture, color and decoration, flavor and feel showed a positive effect on customer trust. Second, customer trust had a positive effect on the long-term orientation. Third, texture, color and decoration, flavor and feel showed a positive effect on the long-term orientation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.41-76
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• 2001

Rheumatoid arthritis is an incurable chronic inflammatory and destructive arthopathy that affects 1% of the population world-wide. It has substantial personal, social and economic costs. The long-term prognosis is poor: 80 percent of affected patients will become disabled within 20 years after onset of disease. Medical costs of rheumatoid arthritis average ∼$ 6000 (US) per patient (1), Current antirheumatic drugs have limited efficacy and many side effects and more importantly they do not improve the long-term prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (2). After a decade of few notable advances in therapy, several biological response modifiers that target pathophysiological processes in the disease have now emerged in the clinic. These new drugs are termed biological agents, and although information about their use in the clinic is still limited to short term treatment, they appear to have the ability to modify disease progress. In addition, COX-2 selective agents have now been approved that have comparable efficacy with standard NSAIDs, but fewer gastrointestinal side effects (3). Thus today many more therapeutic options are suddenly open to patients that even five years ago had little hope of relief from chronic pain and inflammation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1158-1167
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• 1995

In this study, the dynamic instabilities of a beam, subjected to periodic short impulsive loading, are investigated using simple 2-DoF beam model. The behaviors of beam model whose axial motions are constrained are studied for the case of elastic and elastic-plastic behavior. In the case of elastic behavior, the chaotic responses due to the periodic pulse are identified, and the characteristics of the behavior are analysed by investigating the fractal attractors in the Poincare map. The short-term and long-term responses of the beam are unpredictable because of the extreme sensitivities to parameters, a hallmark of chaotic response. In the case of elastic-plastic behavior, the responses are governed by the plastic strains which occur continuously and irregularly as time increases. Thus the characteristics of the response behavior change continuously due to the plastic strain increments, and are unpredictable as well as the elastic case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2009

Background and Objectives : Vocal nodule is common inflammatory vocal cord lesion which could be improved by voice rest or voice therapy. But some patients, who do not have any improvement after voice therapy, should take laryngomicorsurgery or additional long-term voice therapy. So we try to find prognostic factors which affect the results of voice therapy. Materials and Methods: There are 36 patients (response group) whose symptoms improved after initial voice therapy and 16 patients (no response group) whose symptoms did not improve at all. We compared clinical features (durations of symptoms, voice abuse, laryngopharyngeal reflux), GRBAS scale, acoustic analysis, aerodynamic analysis and voice handicap index between the two groups from January, 2006 to June, 2008. Results: Response group underwent voice therapy 4.5 times (ave.) and no response group underwent 6.7 times (ave.). No response group has longer duration of symptoms, higher GRBAS scale score, higher NIH ratio, and higher MFR than those of response group. Conclusion : This study found that the prognosis of voice therapy in patients who have longer duration of symptoms, high NIH ratio, and bad perceptional test result is not likely to be good. In those cases, we should recommend earlier surgery, voice therapy after surgery, and inform about the necessity of long-term voice rehabilitation or voice therapy in order to get favorable compliance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-93
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• 2022

Machine learning (ML) data-driven meta-model is proposed as a surrogate model to reduce the excessive computational cost of the physics-based model and facilitate the real-time prediction of a nuclear power plant's transient response. To forecast the transient response three machine learning (ML) meta-models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs); specifically, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and a sequence combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and LSTM are developed. The chosen accident scenario is a control element assembly withdrawal at power concurrent with the Loss Of Offsite Power (LOOP). The transient response was obtained using the best estimate thermal hydraulics code, MARS-KS, and cross-validated against the Design and control document (DCD). DAKOTA software is loosely coupled with MARS-KS code via a python interface to perform the Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty Quantification (BEPU) analysis and generate a time series database of the system response to train, test and validate the ML meta-models. Key uncertain parameters identified as required by the CASU methodology were propagated using the non-parametric Monte-Carlo (MC) random propagation and Latin Hypercube Sampling technique until a statistically significant database (181 samples) as required by Wilk's fifth order is achieved with 95% probability and 95% confidence level. The three ML RNN models were built and optimized with the help of the Talos tool and demonstrated excellent performance in forecasting the most probable NPP transient response. This research was guided by the Systems Engineering (SE) approach for the systematic and efficient planning and execution of the research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

This paper is to show the long-term roadmap by analyzing the development trend for the safety technology of facility disaster in the country and abroad, and it is designed to plan the long term and roadmap in response to change the disaster environment. Recently in the country, it is increasing the needs of the long term roadmap design of the facility disaster research development in the facility disaster, by the repidly of the social and the living and the related governments response's changing. The U.S. is going to develop the disaster responding research by planning the its master plans, including the NRF (National Responing Framwork), the NIMS (National Incident Management System), and its sinarios etc.. Japan is going to develop the research planning in the annual report of the disaster prevention, and we going to do the study projects about the facility disaster area with the NEMA (National Emergency Management Agency) and NDMI (National Disaster Management Institute). This paper is showed to design the long term roadmap of the facility disaster's study development, and to minimize the damage of the man and his property, and to set the study development system of the national facility disaster, and furthering to make the resilient planning in changing of the facility disaster's environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

This research has been shown the Research Plan for R&D Long-term Load-map Design in the Facility Disaster on response of the changing Disaster Environment, Showing the Strategy for the extending investment method of the technical development and related on that the advanced nation's technical level gap is minimized in the same area, Designing for the business' high-level, long-term load-map and the core driving strategy of the safety technology development business in the facility disaster, RFP Documentation on the core driving Business and the detailed driving Issue. This research has been resulted the three lists, trend analysis and Vision of the Technology Research Development (R&D) of the Safety Technology Area in domestic and foreign, the Responding Technology Predict and the Extended Research Strategy of the Next Generation Safety Technology in the facility Disaster, long-mid Term Road-Map of the Safety Technology in the facility Disaster, finally the Action Issue's RFP of the Safety Technology in the facility Disaster.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.747-756
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• 2020

Objective : To evaluate the effectiveness and long-term outcome predictors of percutaneous sacroplasty (PSP). Methods : This single-center study assessed 40 patients with sacral insufficiency fractures using the short-axis technique under C-arm flat-panel detector computed tomography (CT). Two radiologists reviewed the patients' magnetic resonance and CT images to obtain imaging findings before PSP and determine technical success, respectively. The short-term outcomes were visual analog scale score changes and opioid usage reductions. Long-term outcomes were determined using telephone interviews and the North American Spine Society (NASS) patient-satisfaction index at least one year after PSP. Results : Technical success was achieved without any significant complications in 39 patients (97.5%). Telephone interviews were possible with 12 patients and failed in 10 patients; death was confirmed in 18 patients. Fifteen patients (50%) re-visited the hospital and received conservative treatment, including spinal injections. Nine patients reported positive satisfaction (NASS patient-satisfaction index 1 or 2), while the negative satisfaction group (NASS patient-satisfaction index 3 or 4, n=3) showed a higher incidence of compression fractures at the thoracolumbar spine level (66.7% vs. 22.2%) and previous spinal injection history (66.7% vs. 33.3%). The poor response group also showed higher incidences of facet joint arthrosis (100% vs. 55.6%), central canal stenosis (100% vs. 22.2%), neural foraminal stenosis (33.3% vs. 22.2%), scoliosis (100% vs. 33.3%), and sagittal malalignment (100% vs. 44.4%). Conclusion : PSP was effective for sacral insufficiency fractures and showed good long-term outcomes. Combined compression fractures in the thoracolumbar spine and degenerative lumbar pathologies could be possible poor outcome predictors.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.49-68
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• 2017

This paper investigates the spillover effect of the U.S. Interest on Korea's interest rate as well as the role of exchange rate in the spillover effects, by utilizing a open macro model on the determinants of long-term interest rates. According to the cointegration estimation and the Impulse response function, it is found that, across both long-term and short-term, there exist the spillover effect of the U.S. Interest on Korea's interest rate. The fiscal deficit and expected exchange rate have significantly positive relationship with the Koreas's long-term interest rate. Further, foreign exchange market intervention in Korea did not have significant effect on the spillover effect. Thus, this study suggests that exchange rate flexibility would not be enough to restrain the spillover effects of the U.S. interest rate.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.247-258
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• 2008

This paper is concerned with the long-term performance of geo-textile (GT) composites in terms of creep deformation and frictional properties. Composites of PVA GT and HDPE GM were made to investigate the advanced properties of long-term performance related to waste landfill applications. The same experiments were also performed for typical polypropylene and polyester GT and compared to PVA GT/HDPE GM composites. We also develop high performance GT composites with GM by using PVA GT, which is capable of improving the frictional properties and thus enhances long-term performance of GT composites. Experimental study reveals that the friction coefficient of GT composites is relatively large compared with those of polyester and polypropylene non-woven GT as long as the friction media has similar size to the particles of domestic standard earth. In addition, the geo-composites bonded with geo-grid by a chemical process were investigated experimentally in terms of strain evaluation and creep response values. Geo-grid plays an important role as a reinforcing material. Three kinds of geo-grid were prepared as strong yarn polyester and they were woven type, non-woven type, and wrap knitted type. The sample geo-grids were then coated with PVC. The rib tensile strength tests were conducted to evaluate geo-grid products in terms of tensile strength with regard to single rib. The test was performed according to GRI-GGI. It was concluded again from the experiments that the tensile and creep strains of the geo-grid showed such stable values that the geo-grid prepared in this study could protect geo-textile partially in practical structures.