• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-199
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• 1997

Thyroid carcinoma ranks low in incidence and as a cause of death when compared to carcinomas arising in the other site. With adequate surgical treatment, the prognosis of operable thyroid carcinoma is good. However, the extent of surgical resection in treatment of thyroid cancer remains still controversy. The aim of this study was to assess the results of thyroid cancer patients treated surgically and to analyze the prognostic factors affecting survival and to improve the survival rate. We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of a total of 278 thyroid cancer patients treated surgically at Inje University Paik Hospital from 1980 to 1995 and followed for 1 to 16 years. There were man in 47 and woman in 231 patients with age range of 14 to 79 years(mean 42 years). Histopathologic findings were papillary carcinoma in 233, follicular carcinoma in 33, mixed carcinoma in 7, medullary carcinoma in 2, and undifferentiated carcinoma in 3 patients, respectively. Operative procedures were unilateral lobectomy in 111, subtotal thyroidectomy in 100, and total thyroidectomy in 67 patients. Central node dissection was performed in 92, modified neck disseciton in 62, radical neck dissection in 28, and no node dissection in 96 patients. Thyroid hormone was administered for the period of 3 to 5 years to suppress endogenous TSH production. Overall 5-year survival rate according to Kaplan-Meier method was 91.1%. Independently, significant factors affecting the prognosis were age at diagnosis, tumor size, pathologic type, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, angioinvasion, extrathyroidal extension, and 'risk' group category. but, the prognosis were not influenced by sex and capsular invasion. Patients at low risk or with small size carcinomas had long survival over 5 years with only lobectomy. Lymph node dissection was carried out with a limited type in no jugular metastasis, radical neck dissection was performed only therapeutically in proved jugular node metastasis. Fifteen patients were dead of tumor recurrence after surviving for three months to two and half years, and the cause of death was local recurrence in nine, bone metastasis in four and lung metastasis in two patients. In conclusion, more extensive surgery including total thyroidecotmy and systematic compartment-oriented dissection of the lymph node metastases in patient at high-risk group will results in better survival and lower recurrence rate.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2003

The study area, Kwangneung Experiment Forest (KEF) is located on the west-central portion of Korean peninsula and belongs to a cool-temperate broadleaved forest Bone. At the old-growth deciduous forest near Soribong-peak (533.1 m) in KEF, we have established a 1 ha permanent plot ($100m{\times}100m$) and a flux tower, and the site was registered as a KLTER(Korean long-term ecological research network) and DK site of KoFlux. In this site, we made a stemmap of trees and analyzed forest stand structure and physical and chemical soil characteristics, and estimated carbon budgets by forest components (tree biomass, soils, litter and so on). Dominant tree species were Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora, and accompanied by Q. aliena, Carpinus cordata, and so on. As a result of a field survey of the plot, density of the trees larger than 2 cm in DBH was 1,473 trees per ha, total biomass 261.2 tons/ha, and basal area $28.0m^2$/ha. Parent rock type is granite gneiss. Soil type is brown forest soil (alfisols in USDA system), and the depth is from 38 to 66 cm. Soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and its pH was f개m 4.2 to 5.0 in the surface layer, and from 4.8 to 5.2 in the subsurface layer. Seasonal changes in LAI were measured by hemispherical photography at the 1.2 m height, and the maximum was 3.65. And the spatial distributions of volumetric soil moisture contents and LAIs of the plot were measured. The carbon pool in living tree biomass including below ground biomass was 136 tons C/ha, and 5.6 tons C/ha is stored in the litter layer, and about 92.0 tons C/ha in the soil to the 30 cm in depth. Totally more than about 233.6 tons C/ha was stored in DK site. These ground survey and monitoring data will give some important parameters and validation data for the forest dynamics models or biogeochemical dynamics models to predict or interpolate spatially the changes in forest ecosystem structure and function.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.224-235
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• 2013

임플란트의 장기적인 성공을 위해 고정체의 형태, 외과적 술식, 골조직의 조건, 보철물 적합성, 주기적인 검사, 환자의 구강 위생 등에 많은 주의가 필요하다. 많은 연구에서 임플란트 지지 보철물의 적합도에 따른 임플란트의 예후에 관해 보고되었다. 보철물이 수동 적합되어야 임플란트의 상부구조및 하부구조에 해로운 응력을 야기하지 않는다고 보고되고 있으나 현재의 임플란트 보철물의 제작과정으로 진정한 수동 적합을 얻는 수 없다고 인정된다. 임상과정과 기공과정을 포함하여 임플란트 치료의 전 과정에서 오차가 발생하며, 이는 보철물을 변형을 야기하고 이는 임플란트 상부 보철물과 지대주 사이의 오차를 발생시킨다. 이러한 오차는 보철물 장착 후 보철물의 파절, 나사의 헐거움(screw loosening), 골소실, 골유착 실패와 같은 문제를 야기한다. 이런 오차에 의한 문제점은 cantilever의 존재, 과도한 교합력이 존재할 경우 더욱 증가된다고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ITI 임플란트를 하악골의 견치후방의 무치악부에 3개를 식립하고 4-unit 캔틸레버 고정성 국소의치를 다양한 위치의 $100{\mu}m$ gap을 생성한 후 제작하고 gap을 생성하지 않은 고정성 국소의치와 30 lb의 하중하에서 광탄성 응력분석을 시행하여 응력분포 양상과상대적인 응력의 크기를 비교분석하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.383-387
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• 2000

지방색전증은 주로 근 골격계 외상 후 발생하는 호흡기계, 신경계 및 피부 출혈성 반점을 특징으로 하는 질환으로 정확한 병인기전은 잘 모르는 상태이나 대개는 위험요소를 가지고 있는 경우에 발생하며 진단방법으로 조직 검사 외에 폐포세척술이나 폐동맥카테터를 이용한 지방체의 존재 증명법 등이 연구되고 있다. 치료는 대부분 보존적 치료가 행해지고 있다. 연자들은 특별한 위험요소 없이 건강하게 지내던 중년의 성인여성에서 발생한 폐출혈을 동반한 지방색전증 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2009

Pure titanium and its alloys are drastically used in implant materials due to their excellent mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. However, the widely used Ti-6Al-4V is found to release toxic ions (Al and V) into the body, leading to undesirable long-term effects. Ti-6Al-4V has much higher elastic modulus than cortical bone. Therefore, titanium alloys with low elastic modulus have been developed as biomaterials to minimize stress shielding. For this reason, Ti-30Ta-xZr alloy systems have been studied in this study. The Ti-30Ta containing Zr(5, 10 and 15 wt%) were 10 times melted to improve chemical homogeneity by using a vacuum furnace and then homogenized for 24 hrs at $1000^{\circ}C$. The specimens were cut and polished for corrosion test and Ti coating and then coated with TiN, respectively, by using DC magnetron sputtering method. The analyses of coated surface were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM). The electrochemical characteristics were examined using potentiodynamic (- 1500 mV~+ 2000 mV) and AC impedance spectroscopy(100 kHz~10 mHz) in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The equiaxed structure was changed to needle-like structure with increasing Zr content. The surface defects and structures were covered with TiN/Ti coated layer. From the polarization behavior in 0.9% NaCl solution, The corrosion current density of Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys decreased as Zr content increased, whereas, the corrosion potential of Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys increased as Zr content increased. The corrosion resistance of TiN/Ti-coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys were higher than that of the TiN-coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys. From the AC impedance in 0.9% NaCl solution, polarization resistance($R_p$) value of TiN/Ti coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys showed higher than that of TiN-coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.866-873
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• 2006

When patients with cancers are treated with chemotherapeutic agents a long time, some of the cancer cells develop the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. MDR cancer cells are characterized by the overexpression of multidrug resistance1 (MDR1) gene which encodes P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a surface protein of tumor cells that functions to produce an excessive efflux and thereby an insufficient intracellular concentration of chemotherapeutic agents. A variety of studies have sought potent MDR modulators to decrease MDR1 gene expression in cancer cells. Our previous study has shown that curcumin exhibits characteristics of a MDR modulator in KB-V1 multidrug-resistant cells. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effect of curcumin on MDR1 gene expression in patient leukemic cells. The leukemic cells were collected from 78 childhood leukemia patients admitted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, in the period from July 2003 to February 2005. There were 61 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 14 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), and 3 cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). There were 47 males and 31 females ranging from 1 to 15 years old. Bone marrows were collected. The leukemic cells were separated and cultured in the presence or absence of $10{\mu}M$ curcumin for 48 hours. MDR1 mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. It was found that curcumin reduced MDR1 gene expression in the cells from 33 patients (42%). Curcumin affected the MDR1 gene expression in 5 of 11 relapsed cases (45%), 10 of 26 cases of drug maintenance (38%), 7 of 18 cases of completed treatment (39%), and 11 of 23 cases of new patients (48%). The expression levels of MDR1 gene in leukemic patient cells as compared to that of KB-V1 cells were classified as low level (1-20%) in 5 of 20 cases (25%), medium level (21-60%) in 14 of 32 cases (44%), and high level (61-100%) in 14 of 20 cases (70%). In summary, curcumin decreased MDR1 mRNA level in patient leukemic cells, especially in high level of MDR1 gene groups. Thus, curcumin treatment may provide a lead for clinical treatment of leukemia patients in the future.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2011

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are currently being evaluated as a novel strategy for tumor vaccination and immunotherapy. However, inducing long-term regression in established tumor-implanted mice is difficult. Here, we show that deoxypohophyllotoxin (DPT) induces maturation and activation of bone marrow-derived DCs via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation of MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$. Methods: The phenotypic and functional maturation of DPT-treated DCs was assessed by flow cytometric analysis and cytokine production, respectively. DPT-treated DCs was also used for mixed leukocyte reaction to evaluate T cell-priming capacity and for tumor regression against melanoma. Results: DPT promoted the activation of $CD8^+$ T cells and the Th1 immune response by inducing IL-12 production in DCs. In a B16F10 melanoma-implanted mouse model, we demonstrated that DPT-treated DCs (DPT-DCs) enhance immune priming and regression of an established tumor in vivo. Furthermore, migration of DPT-DCs to the draining lymph nodes was induced via CCR7 upregulation. Mice that received DPT-DCs displayed enhanced antitumor therapeutic efficacy, which was associated with increased IFN-${\gamma}$ production and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Conclusion: These findings strongly suggest that the adjuvant effect of DPT in DC vaccination is associated with the polarization of T effector cells toward a Th1 phenotype and provides a potential therapeutic antitumor immunity.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1122-1128
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• 2017

애호박의 부위 중 덩굴손 유래의 열수 추출물에 대한 세포 독성 및 염증제어활성 대하여 조사하였다. 애호박 덩굴손의 열수에 대한 세포의 독성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 0.313-2.5 mg/mL의 농도일 때 물 추출물은 세포의 생장에 영향을 미치지 않아 세포에 대한 독성이 없다고 판단되었다. BMDMs를 배양한 세포에 호박덩굴손 열수 추출물과 LPS와 함께 처리한 결과 염증성 사이토카인인 IL-6 및 TNF-${\alpha}$의 농도 의존적으로 감소함을 확인하였다. 호박 덩굴손 열수 추출물로부터 단리 정제된 rutin에 의한 염증성 사이토카인의 분비가 억제되었다. 국내에서 재배되고 있는 호박의 부위별로 조사해본 결과 호박부위 중 유일하게 덩굴손부분에서 염증억제 활성을 보였다. 쥬키니 호박, 애호박 및 늙은 호박의 덩굴손에서 유효성분인 rutin을 함유하고 있었고 향후 염증 억제 소재로서의 활용가능성을 시사하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.562-566
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• 2006

지방색전증후군은 외상 등의 원인으로 발생한 지방색전에 의해 유발되는 전신 질환으로 급성호흡부전 및 의식변화를 초래할 수 있다. 저자들은 평소 질병이 없던 22세 남자로 교통사고에 의한 대퇴골 간부 및 다발성 골절을 입고 개인병원에서 외부고정장치 수술 받은 후 다음 날부터 호흡곤란과 의식저하 보여 본원에 전원된 환자에서, 증상 발현 당시는 급성호흡부전증을 동반한 지방색전증후군으로 추정 진단하고, 증상 호전 후 시행한 기관지 폐포세척액에서 대식세포내 지방과립구를 확인하여 보고한다. 급성호흡부전증의 급성기에 기관지내시경을 시행하는 것은 호흡부전의 원인 감별에 도움이 되지만 때로 환자에게 위험을 초래할 수도 있으므로, 임상적으로 지방색전증후군이 추정되는 환자에서 회복기에 기관지폐포세척검사를 시행하는 것은 확진에 도움이 될 수 있으리라 추정된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2004

외고정장치를 이용한 골절 치료에서, 골절 부위에서의 절골편간 운동은 골절의 치유과정에 다양한 영향을 미친다고 알려져 있고, 이 미세 운동은 외고정장치-절골편 시스템의 강성과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 그렇기 때문에 최적의 골절 치유 과정을 부여하기 위하여 외고정장치 시스템의 구성 인자와 강성과의 연관성에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 장골 골절의 외고정술에 대한 유한요소 해석에서 외고정장치 시스템의 구성인자가 시스템 강성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여, 시스템 정렬, 재료 비선형성, 조인트 유연성 및 가골형성 등을 해석 인자로 선정하였다. 개발된 유한요소 모델은 실험 결과와 유사한 시스템 강성을 나타내었고, 조인트 유연성 및 재료 비선형성의 고려는 시스템 강성 결과를 더욱 정확하게 반영하였다. 시스템 비정렬상태, 조인트 유연성 및 재료 비선형성은 시스템 강성의 감소를, 그리고 골절 부위의 가골형성은 시스템 강성의 증가를 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과는 외고정술시 시스템 강성을 증가시키기 위한 프레임 구성이나 기구 설계 등의 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.