• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.101-103
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• 2021

With the rapid increase in the quantity of goods transported worldwide, companies are now started to show great interest in unmanned automated warehouses along with related research and development due to the increase of warehouse efficiency and reduction warehouse manpower. In a number of small warehouses, shuttle rack-based layouts that can handle inventory flow flexibly. However, the shuttle rack-based logistics center does not operate in case of emergency situations (faults, power outages, etc.), which seriously affects the efficiency and inventory management of the entire logistics center. Accordingly, in shuttle rack-based logistics center, we have classified various shuttle passages and RTV passages by layout and have analyzed its characteristics and types, along with derived reliability for each layout. The loading rate was also derived differently according to the number of passages, and have compared and analyzed reliability and loading rate for each layout.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2023

Garlic (Allium sativum)is a major crop in most Asian countries, and its consumption in Asia-Pacific countries exceeds 90% of the global consumption. It contains beneficial ingredients and numerous essential nutrients, such as manganese, vitamin B6, and vitamin B1. Garlic demand is rising not only in Asian countries but also around the world. Particularly, garlic demand has been steadily increasing in European countries, such as Spain, France, Italy, and the American continent. In South Korea, 331,671 tons and 387,671 tons of garlic was produced in 2018 and 2019, respectively, making the country the fifth ranking garlic producer in the world, and the production has been increasing every year. In this study, the study on temperature distribution in cold storage of Korean garlic in folding wire mesh pallet container using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis was performed and Computations were based a commercial simulation software (ANSYS Workbenh Ver. 18.0). Considering the respiration heat of garlic, the decreasing rate of temperature in the area in contact with the cold air was fast due to the inflow of cold air inside, while the decreasing rate of temperature in the center of the pallet was very low. In order to maintain a uniform temperature distribution inside the agricultural product storage pallet in a low-temperature warehouse, it is considered desirable to install an air passageway to allow low-temperature air to flow into the wire mesh pallet.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.541-549
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• 2024

Objective : Advancements in AVM surgical techniques for cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) underscore its efficacy. Our research aims to showcase the positive outcomes of treating low-grade AVMs surgically, focusing on safety and effectiveness. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 55 patients (36 males and 19 females; average age 37.4 years) with Spetzler-Martin (S-M) grade 1 and 2 AVMs who underwent surgical resection between January 2009 and December 2022. Results : In our study, 55 patients with S-M grade 1 and 2 AVMs underwent surgical resection, evenly divided between grades 1 (50.9%) and 2 (49.1%). Intracranial hemorrhage was the primary symptom in 74.5% of cases. Pre-operative Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores revealed 69.1% of patients scored above 13, with 18% below 8. Successful resection was achieved in 87.3%. Postoperatively, 95.5% of ruptured and 90.9% of unruptured AVM patients showed lower or same modified Rankin scale scores. Poorer outcomes were significantly linked to lower GCS scores and intranidal/flow-related aneurysms through multivariate logistic regression. Postoperative seizures noted in nine patients, were exclusive to the ruptured AVM group. Conclusion : Our findings indicate surgical resection as a beneficial treatment for low-grade AVMs, yielding high cure rates and positive functional outcomes in both ruptured and unruptured cases. Preoperative GCS scores and the presence of associated aneurysms are predictive of postoperative functional status. Additionally, managing postoperative seizures effectively is key to enhancing prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.263-273
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• 2015

We estimated the global inflow and stock of plastic marine debris. In South Korea, we estimated that the annual inflow of plastic marine debris (72,956 tons) was about 1.4% of annual plastics consumption (5.2 million tons) in 2012. By applying this 1.4% ratio to global plastics production from 1950 to 2013, we estimated that 4.2 million tons of plastic debris entered the ocean in 2013 and that there is a stock of 86 million tons of plastic marine debris as of the end of 2013, assuming zero outflow. In addition, with a logistic model, if 4% of petroleum is turned into plastics, the final stock of plastic marine debris shall be 199 million tons at the end. As the inflow and the stock are different units of measurement, better indicators to assess the effectiveness of inflow-reducing policies are needed. And, as the pollution from plastic marine debris is almost irreversible, countermeasures to prevent it should be valued more, and stronger preventive measures should be taken under the precautionary principle. As this is a preliminary study based on limited information, further research is needed to clarify the tendency of inflow and stock of plastic marine debris.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2419-2423
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• 2015

Background: There are few choices for treatment of advanced cancer patients who do not respond to or tolerate conventional anti-cancer treatments. Therefore this study aimed to deploy the benefits and clinical efficacy of continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions in such patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 381 infusions (from 67 advanced cases recruited) were included in this study. All patients underwent peripheral blood mononuclear cell apheresis for the following cellular therapy and dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells were expanded in vitro. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were quantified through flow cytometry to address the cellular immunity status. Clinical efficacy and physical activities were evaluated by RECIST criteria and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores respectively. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between cellular infusions and clinical benefits. Results: An average of $5.7{\pm}2.94{\times}10^9$ induced cells were infused each time and patients were exposed to 6 infusions. Cellular immunity was improved in that cytotoxic $CD8^+CD28^+$ T lymphocytes were increased by 74% and suppressive $CD8^+CD28^-$ T lymphocytes were elevated by 16% (p<0.05). Continuous infusion of dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells was associated with improvement of both patient status and cellular immunity. A median of six infusions were capable of reducing risk of progression by 70% (95%CI 0.10-0.91). Every elevation of one ECOG score corresponded to a 3.90-fold higher progression risk (p<0.05) and 1% increase of $CD8^+CD28^-$ T cell proportion reflecting a 5% higher risk of progression (p<0.05). Conclusions: In advanced cancer patients, continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions are capable of recovering cellular immunity, improving patient status and quality of life in those who are unresponsive to conventional cancer treatment.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.275-298
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• 2012

Terminal operators have provided special services such as loading, discharging, stowage of cargo to the owner, and carriers of the sea, which contribute the domestic and international logistics. For smooth flow of logistics, container terminal should reserve spaces for inbound and outbound logistics. However, if it is unable to provide the spaces, which can be caused by labour strikes or terminal lockouts and so on, national logistic system and financial management of terminal operators can be seriously affected. In order to minimize these kinds of problems, terminal operators impose high rate of charges ("overstorage charge") to the accumulated cargoes and/or containers, which are stipulated in terminal service agreement. Nevertheless, if there is no terminal service agreement with an owner of cargo and/or container, any kind of charge can cause legal problems (conflict ??) between the cargo and terminal operator. In this regard, I would like to study on the definition of overstorage charge and the legal issue of it based on the Busan district court's judgment. In particular, I will propose a special right of commercial lien and public auction for terminal operators to settle accumulated cargoes in container terminal.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2009

Prior bankruptcy studies have established that bankrupt firm's pre-filing financial ratios are different from those of healthy firms or of randomly selected going concerns. However, they may not be sufficiently different from the financial ratios of other firms in financial distress to allow the development of a ratio-based model that predicts bankruptcy with reasonable accuracy. As the result, in the multiple discriminant model, independent variables divided firms into bankrupt firms and healthy firms are retained earnings to total asset, receivable turnover, net income to sales, financial expenses, inventory turnover, owner's equity to total asset, cash flow to current liability, and current asset to current liability. Moreover four variables Retained earnings to total asset, net income to sales, total asset turnover, owner's equity to total asset indicate that these valuables classify bankrupt firms and distress firms. On the other hand, Owner's Equity to borrowed capital, Ordinary income to Net Sales, Operating Income to Total Asset, Total Asset Turnover and Inventory Turnover are selected to predict bankruptcy possibility in the Logistic regression model.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2014

In container terminals, stacking yard is the place where import and export containers are temporarily stored before being loaded onto or after being discharged from a ship. Since all the containers go through the stacking yard in their logistic flow, the productivity of the terminal critically depends on efficient operation of stacking yard, which again depends on how well the stacking locations of the incoming containers are determined. However, a good location for stacking an incoming container later can turn out to be a bad one when that container is to be fetched out of the stacking yard, especially if some rehandling is required. This means that good locations for the containers are changing over time. Therefore, in most container terminals, the so-called remarshaling is done to move the containers from bad location to good locations. Although there are many previous works on remarshaling, they all assume that the remarshaling can be done separately from the main jobs when the cranes are idle for rather a long period of time. However, in reality, cranes are hardly available for a period long enough for remarshaling. This paper proposes a crane dispatching strategy that allows remarshaling jobs to be mixed together with the main jobs whenever an opportunity is detected. Experimental results by simulation reveals that the proposed method effectively contributes to the improvement of terminal productivity.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.254-262
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• 2003

In this study, the results of applying cold weather concreting mixed with Accelerator for Freeze Protection(AFP) to full scale structures are presented. Since the determination of W/C and amount of AFP significantly have an effect on strength gain and protection of frost damage in early, a full investigation is needed to determine these values at stage of nux design. The flowability of fresh cold weather concreting with AFP was similar to the same W/C. Lower loss of workability and initial slump flow of concrete using superplasticizer of polycarboxylic ester than that of melamine sulphonate showed that polycarboxylic ester was more effective on elapsed time. Temperature histories of specimens located in insulation boxes at the site was similar to that of structures. Thus, it is cleared that simple adiabatic curing method is effective for evaluating in-place concrete strength than specimens cured by sealing method. The investigation results of development of compressive strength of cold weather concreting included AFP with curing methods by logistic curves indicated that AFP can be effective to gain strength at lower temperature than normal curing temperature. In field testing, vinyl sheets were placed over the concrete sections and AFP enabled concrete to gain $5N/{mm}^2$ to protect frost damage in early ages and specified compressive strength of concrete at 28 days under average temperature of $-2^{\circ}C$ (lowest temperature was $-12^{\circ}C$) during site application.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2009

While various factors in passenger and freight demand analysis affect on destination choice, a key factor, in general. is an attractiveness measure by size variable (e.g., population. employment etc) in destination zone. In order to measure the attractiveness, some empirical studies suggested that disaggregate gravity model are more suitable than aggregate gravity model. This study proposes that truck travelers trip diary data among Korean commodity flow data could be used to estimate the behaviors of incorporating trip departure time, activity duration and attractiveness in destination. As a result, the main findings of size and distance variables coincide with the conventional gravity model having a positive effect of population variable and a negative effect of distance variable. Due to disaggregate gravity modeling, the unique findings of this study reports that small trucks are more likely to choose short distance and early morning, morning peak and afternoon peak departure time choice. On the other hand, large trucks are more likely to choose long distance and night time departure time choice.