• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.50-64
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• 2019

According to the Maritime Safety Act, there are all 34 routes including 5 traffic safety zones, 3 traffic separation schemes, 26 routes designated by regional maritime affairs departments in the Republic of Korea. In the SOLAS convention, the route information should be is effectively used for the safe navigation. However, the route information is complicatedly composed of the location of the route, the navigation rule by each route, the restriction of the navigation, and the anchorages. Moreover, the present method of providing information using the navigational chart and other publications is not effective for users to grasp the navigational information. Therefore, it was conducted to study the design of the S-100 based routing information data model developed by the International Hydrographic Organization to find ways to more effectively provide route information. To do this, the analysis of route requirement, selection of items, encoding test and users' review were carried out. Through expert user review, it was evaluated that the study on the design of the route information data model can be utilized as a good basic data for the route information integration service. Future research on the development of route information data models is expected to provide integrated route information services.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.151-162
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• 2007

How can new media devices and networks provide an effective response to the world's growing sector of cultural and historically-minded travelers? This study emerged from the question of how mobile handsets can change the nature of cultural and historical tourism in ubiquitous city environments. As wireless network and mobile IT have rapidly developed, it becomes possible to deliver cultural and historical information on the site through mobile handset as a tour guidance system. The paper describes the development of a new type of mobile tourism platform for site-specific cultural and historical information. The central objective of the project was to organize this cultural and historical walking tour around the mobile handset and its unique advantages (i.e. portability, multi-media capacity, access to wireless internet, and location-awareness potential) and then integrate the tour with a historical story and role-playing game that would deepen the mobile user's interest in the sites being visited, and enhance his or her overall experience of the area. The project was based on twelve locations that were culturally and historically significant to Korean War era in Busan. After the mobile tour game prototype was developed for this route, it was evaluated at the 10th PIFF (Pusan International Film Festival). After use test, some new strategies for developing mobile "edutainment content" to deliver cultural historical contents of the location were discussed. Combining 'edutainment' with a cultural and historical mobile walking tour brings a new dimension to existing approaches of the tourism and mobile content industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.154-167
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• 2014

The results of this study conducted to identify the substance, regional characteristics or landscaping of Namwon Yonghogugok, which is the only valley of Jiri Mountain, based on Kim Samun's 'Yonghokugok-Gyeongseungannae(龍湖九曲景勝案內)', 'Yongseongji(龍城誌)' and position, meaning of letters carved and projection technique by ArcGIS10.0 on the rocks are as below. The feature landscapes of the canyon of Yonghogugok, which is an incised meander and one of the Eight beautiful scenery of Namwon, ponds, cliffs and rocks generated with metamorphic rocks and granites weathered by rapids torrents. As a result of measuring the GPS coordinates of the letters carved on the rocks, excluding the 3 Gok Hakseoam and the distances based on the origin and destination of the letters carved on the rocks using the API(Application Programming Interface) function of Daum map, the total distance of Yonghogugok was 3.5km and the average distance between the each Gok was 436.5m. It is assumed that Yonghogugok was designated by Sarim(士林) of the Kiho School(畿湖學派) related to Wondong Hyangyak(元洞鄕約) which is the main agent of Yonghojeongsa(龍湖精舍), the forerunner of Yonghoseowon(龍湖書院), between the late Joseon Dynasty and the early Japanese colonial era, in 1927. Its grounds are the existence of Yonghoyeongdang mentioned on 'Yonghojeongsilgi'(龍湖亭實記), records of 'Haeunyugo(荷隱遺稿)', 'Yonghopumje(龍湖品題)' of Bulshindang(佛神堂), 'Yonghojeongsadonggu Gapjachun(龍湖精舍洞口 甲子春)' letters carved on the rocks and 'Yonghogugok-Shipyeong(龍湖九曲十詠)' posted on Mokgandang of Yonghoseowon. Comprehensively considering the numerous poetry society lists carved on the stone wall of Punghodae(風乎臺), the Sixth Gok Yuseondae, its stone mortar, 'Bangjangjeildongcheon(方丈第一洞天)' of Bulshindang and Gyoryongdam(交龍潭), the Yonghoseokmun(龍湖石門) letters carved on the rocks, Yeogungseok adjacent to the First Gok and Fengshui facilities, centered on Yonghoseowon and Yonghojeong, Yonghogugok can be understood as a unique valley culture formed with the thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Fengshui. 'Yonghogugok-Gyeongseungannae' provides very useful information to understand the place name, called by locals and landscaping aspects of Yonghogugok in the late Joseon Dynasty. In addition, the meaning of "Nine dragons" and even though 12 chu(湫: pond) of Yonghogugok Yongchudong including Bulyeongchu, Guryongchu, Isuchu, Goieumchu and Daeyachu are mentioned on Yongseongji, a part of them cannot be confirmed now. Various place names and facilities relevant to Guryong adjacent to Yonghogugok are the core of the place identity. In addition, the accurate location identification and the delivery of the landscaping significance of the 12 ponds is expected to provide landscaping attractiveness of Yonghogugok and become very useful contents for landscaping storytelling and a keyword of storyboard.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.465-486
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• 2021

Purpose: Since most disaster information systems are centered on non-disabled people, the reality is that there is a lack of disaster information delivery systems for the vulnerable, such as the disabled, the elderly, and children, who are relatively vulnerable to disasters. The purpose of the service is to improve the safety of the disabled and the elderly by eliminating blind spots of informatization and establishing customized disaster information services to respond to disasters through IoT-based integrated control technology. Method: The model at the core of this study is the disaster alert propagation model and evacuation support model, and it shall be developed by reflecting the behavioral characteristics of the disabled and the elderly in the event of a disaster. The disaster alert propagation model spreads disaster situations collected using IoT technology, and the evacuation support model uses geomagnetic field-based measuring technology to identify the user's indoor location and help the disabled and the elderly evacuate safely. Results: Demonstration model demonstration resulted in an efficient qualitative evaluation of indoor location accuracy, such as the suitability of evacuation route guidance and satisfaction of services from the user's perspective. Conclusion: Disaster information and evacuation support services were established for the safety vulnerable groups of mobile app for model verification. The disaster situation was demonstrated through experts in the related fields and the disabled by limiting it to the fire situation. It was evaluated as "satisfaction" in the adequacy of disaster information delivery and evacuation support, and its functional satisfaction and user UI were evaluated as "normal" due to the nature of the pilot model. Through this, the disaster information and evacuation support services presented in this study were evaluated to support the safety vulnerable groups to a faster disaster evacuation without missing the golden time of disaster evacuation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-127
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• 1978

The major objective of this research is to identify those hospital characteristics that best explain cost variation among hospitals and to formulate linear models that can predict hospital costs. Specific emphasis is placed on hospital output, that is, the identification of diagnosis related patient groups (DRGs) which are medically meaningful and demonstrate similar patterns of hospital resource consumption. A casemix index is developed based on the DRGs identified. Considering the common problems encountered in previous hospital cost research, the following study requirements are estab-lished for fulfilling the objectives of this research: 1. Selection of hospitals that exercise similar medical and fiscal practices. 2. Identification of an appropriate data collection mechanism in which demographic and medical characteristics of individual patients as well as accurate and comparable cost information can be derived. 3. Development of a patient classification system in which all the patients treated in hospitals are able to be split into mutually exclusive categories with consistent and stable patterns of resource consumption. 4. Development of a cost finding mechanism through which patient groups' costs can be made comparable across hospitals. A data set of Medicare patients prepared by the Social Security Administration was selected for the study analysis. The data set contained 27,229 record abstracts of Medicare patients discharged from all but one short-term general hospital in Connecticut during the period from January 1, 1971, to December 31, 1972. Each record abstract contained demographic and diagnostic information, as well as charges for specific medical services received. The 'AUT-OGRP System' was used to generate 198 DRGs in which the entire range of Medicare patients were split into mutually exclusive categories, each of which shows a consistent and stable pattern of resource consumption. The 'Departmental Method' was used to generate cost information for the groups of Medicare patients that would be comparable across hospitals. To fulfill the study objectives, an extensive analysis was conducted in the following areas: 1. Analysis of DRGs: in which the level of resource use of each DRG was determined, the length of stay or death rate of each DRG in relation to resource use was characterized, and underlying patterns of the relationships among DRG costs were explained. 2. Exploration of resource use profiles of hospitals; in which the magnitude of differences in the resource uses or death rates incurred in the treatment of Medicare patients among the study hospitals was explored. 3. Casemix analysis; in which four types of casemix-related indices were generated, and the significance of these indices in the explanation of hospital costs was examined. 4. Formulation of linear models to predict hospital costs of Medicare patients; in which nine independent variables (i. e., casemix index, hospital size, complexity of service, teaching activity, location, casemix-adjusted death. rate index, occupancy rate, and casemix-adjusted length of stay index) were used for determining factors in hospital costs. Results from the study analysis indicated that: 1. The system of 198 DRGs for Medicare patient classification was demonstrated not only as a strong tool for determining the pattern of hospital resource utilization of Medicare patients, but also for categorizing patients by their severity of illness. 2. The wei틴fed mean total case cost (TOTC) of the study hospitals for Medicare patients during the study years was $11,27.02 with a standard deviation of $117.20. The hospital with the highest average TOTC ($1538.15) was 2.08 times more expensive than the hospital with the lowest average TOTC ($743.45). The weighted mean per diem total cost (DTOC) of the study hospitals for Medicare patients during the sutdy years was $107.98 with a standard deviation of $15.18. The hospital with the highest average DTOC ($147.23) was 1.87 times more expensive than the hospital with the lowest average DTOC ($78.49). 3. The linear models for each of the six types of hospital costs were formulated using the casemix index and the eight other hospital variables as the determinants. These models explained variance to the extent of 68.7 percent of total case cost (TOTC), 63.5 percent of room and board cost (RMC), 66.2 percent of total ancillary service cost (TANC), 66.3 percent of per diem total cost (DTOC), 56.9 percent of per diem room and board cost (DRMC), and 65.5 percent of per diem ancillary service cost (DTANC). The casemix index alone explained approximately one half of interhospital cost variation: 59.1 percent for TOTC and 44.3 percent for DTOC. Thsee results demonstrate that the casemix index is the most importand determinant of interhospital cost variation Future research and policy implications in regard to the results of this study is envisioned in the following three areas: 1. Utilization of casemix related indices in the Medicare data systems. 2. Refinement of data for hospital cost evaluation. 3. Development of a system for reimbursement and cost control in hospitals.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.181-191
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• 2016

A Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) provides differential correction and integrity information through geostationary satellite to users in order to reduce Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-related errors such as ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay, and satellite orbit and clock errors and calculate a protection level of the calculated location. A SBAS is a system, which has been set as an international standard by the International Civilian Aviation Organization (ICAO) to be utilized for safe operation of aircrafts. Currently, the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) in the USA, the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) in Europe, MTSAT Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS) in Japan, and GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) are operated. The System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM) in Russia is now under construction and testing. All SBASs that are currently under operation including the WAAS in the USA provide correction and integrity information about the Global Positioning System (GPS) whereas the SDCM in Russia that started SBAS-related test services in Russia in recent years provides correction and integrity information about not only the GPS but also the GLONASS. Currently, LUCH-5A(PRN 140), LUCH-5B(PRN 125), and LUCH-5V(PRN 141) are assigned and used as geostationary satellites for the SDCM. Among them, PRN 140 satellite is now broadcasting SBAS test messages for SDCM test services. In particular, since messages broadcast by PRN 140 satellite are received in Korea as well, performance analysis on GPS/GLONASS Multi-Constellation SBAS using the SDCM can be possible. The present paper generated correction and integrity information about GPS and GLONASS using SDCM messages broadcast by the PRN 140 satellite, and performed analysis on GPS/GLONASS Multi-Constellation SBAS performance and APV-I availability by applying GPS and GLONASS observation data received from multiple reference stations, which were operated in the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) for performance analysis on GPS/GLONASS Multi-Constellation SBAS according to user locations inside South Korea utilizing the above-calculated information.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1252-1260
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• 2017

As digital communication technology evolves, the diversity of maritime communication methods has benn increasing due to the emergence of new maritime communication technologies such as digital very high frequency (VHF) communication systems and LTE-M as well as traditional conventional maritime communication systems. At sea, all maritime communication methods may be available, but only some communication methods may be available depending on the location. In this paper, we propose a multi-band network selection (MNS) system that can provide seamless maritime communication service by switching to an optimal communication band among available communication systems, depending on network environment and user requirements. The proposed MNS system in the middleware layer is designed to be able to interface with two types of digital VHF communication systems that satisfy Annex 1 and Annex 4 of ITU-R M. 1842-1, LTE, and high frequency (HF) communication systems. We assign priority to each communication band, and design an optimal communication band determination algorithm based on this priority.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.79-100
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• 2017

This study provides the insight into the aged employment provision issue for the aged-low growth era. For the purpose, we analyze the national trend of the age demographic and occupational employment in first. And then we investigate the spatial characteristics of employment of the aged in the Seoul Metropolitan area which has the highest elderly population by utilizing location quotient, factor analysis, and K-means cluster analysis. As the result, we found that the spatial distribution patterns of the residence and workplace of the elderly were nearly coincided with each other. Furthermore, five clusters of the aged distribution have been determined according to the industrial-occupational-demographic attributes. The result revealed clear spatial segrmentation: Most of elderly population of the research area have been engaged in the low-level service jobs, while elderly population employed to the educated-knowledged based high-level jobs has been distributed at a few cores. The results could be applied to the practical use for regional employment planning for the aged.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.59-88
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• 2008

For the success of the DMB market to meet consumers' demands for Ubiquitous Media and strengthen the nation's competitiveness, it's inevitable for us to activate DMB advertising as of main profit source for DMB Media, and to develop various types of DMB advertising which are linked to the profit model. So I'd like to look over the various types of DMB advertising which are suitable for DMB features as one of the efforts to activate DMB advertising. First of all, I've figured out what kinds of advertising are available for new media and which related technologies are required for DMB media. Through this research, I could find out what features of new media such as cable broadcasting, Internet and Mobile have become the source of developing various types of advertising and how to a great part to activate new media advertising markets by making the best use of their media features. This research also shows that DMB advertising has the high potential to be developed in various and effective types and kinds of advertising with its media feature and technological feature. This research observing DMB advertising cases showed that DMB advertising can be divided into 6 types such as forms, purposes, techniques, advertising positions, the use of LBS(Location Based Service), coupons and it could be developed into various kinds of DMB advertising dependent on each type. On the other hands, it would be great to have continual researches and follow-ups for various types of DMB advertising and the verification of the effectiveness for DMB advertising by performing potential DMB advertising.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.449-457
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• 2020

Purpose: The Seoul Metropolitan Government classifies the cavity risks into emergency, priority, general, and observation grades in consideration of the cavity size, asphalt pavement thickness, and pavement depth based on the cavity management grade criteria of Seoul. In this study, the depth of cracking was measured at 17 cracks identified by checking the pavement condition of the cavity at 265 cavities found in the 2019 cavity investigation service. Method: In the first phase, crack width and depth were measured using a vernier caliper, taper gauge, and depth gauge to check the cracks of the identified cavities. In the second phase, the location of the largest crack in the upper road surface was confirmed, and A.C. was drilled to further measure the crack depth. Results: As a result, the cavity management level was raised in nine of the 17 test cavity identified. Therefore, in case of emergency and priority recovery, the grade should be adjusted according to the depth of pavement crack and the thickness of residual A.C. pavement. Conclusion: In the case of cracks in the upper part of the cavity, the crack progression must be determined through the perforation and the remaining asphalt concrete thickness must be determined to determine the cavity grade.